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    LSAT PrepTest 75 Unlocked: Exclusive Data, Analysis & Explanations for the June 2015 LSAT
    LSAT PrepTest 75 Unlocked: Exclusive Data, Analysis & Explanations for the June 2015 LSAT
    LSAT PrepTest 75 Unlocked: Exclusive Data, Analysis & Explanations for the June 2015 LSAT
    Ebook297 pages2 hours

    LSAT PrepTest 75 Unlocked: Exclusive Data, Analysis & Explanations for the June 2015 LSAT

    By Kaplan Test Prep

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    About this ebook

    Kaplan's LSAT PrepTest 75 Unlocked features comprehensive explanations for every question in the LSAC's Official LSAT PrepTest 75. Reviewing a practice test is the key to improving your score, and in PrepTest 75 Unlocked Kaplan's LSAT experts deconstruct the June 2015 LSAT to help you learn why you missed questions and how to get the right answers more efficiently. Note: PrepTest 75 is not included in this book. You'll need to purchase that separately.

    The Best Review
    • Complete explanations for every question and answer choice
    • Test-taking strategies to help you score the most points
    • Sample sketchwork for logic games
    • Sample roadmaps for reading comprehension passages
    • Exclusive data on question difficulty and student performance to help you focus your efforts where you'll need them most
    • Glossary with key terminology to help you think like the testmaker
    • Up-to-date test information, including 8 can't-miss features of PrepTest 75 and how it compares to recent LSAT trends
    Expert Guidance
    • We know the test: Kaplan's expert LSAT faculty teach the world's most popular LSAT course, and more people get into law school with a Kaplan LSAT course than all other major test prep companies combined.
    • Kaplan's expert psychometricians ensure our practice questions and study materials are true to the test.
    • We invented test prep—Kaplan (www.kaptest.com) has been helping students for almost 80 years. Our proven strategies have helped legions of students achieve their dreams.
    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherKaplan Test Prep
    Release dateMay 17, 2016
    ISBN9781506212906
    LSAT PrepTest 75 Unlocked: Exclusive Data, Analysis & Explanations for the June 2015 LSAT

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      Book preview

      LSAT PrepTest 75 Unlocked - Kaplan Test Prep

      LSAT®

      PrepTest 75

      Unlocked

      LSAT PrepTest 75 Unlocked

      Exclusive Data, Analysis & Explanations for the June 2015 LSAT

      LSAT® is a registered mark of the Law School Admission Council, Inc.

      Table of Contents

      The Kaplan Companion to LSAT PrepTest 75

      Cover

      Title Page

      Copyright

      Introduction: How to Use Kaplan LSAT Explanations

      How to Review a PrepTest

      Logical Reasoning Method and Strategies

      Logic Games Method and Strategies

      Reading Comprehension Method and Strategies

      A Note About Formal Logic on the LSAT

      Taking a Kaplan LSAT Course: A Personalized Experience

      Preptest 75: The Inside Story

      Preptest 75: PrepTest 75 Explanations

      Section I: Logical Reasoning

      Section II: Reading Comprehension

      Section III: Logical Reasoning

      Section IV: Logic Games

      Glossary

      Guide

      Cover

      Table of Contents

      Start of Content

      LSAT® is a registered mark of the Law School Admission Council, Inc., which neither sponsors nor endorses this product.

      This publication is designed to provide accurate information in regard to the subject matter covered as of its publication date, with the understanding that knowledge and best practice constantly evolve. The publisher is not engaged in rendering medical, legal, accounting, or other professional service. If medical or legal advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. This publication is not intended for use in clinical practice or the delivery of medical care. To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the Editors assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property arising out of or related to any use of the material contained in this book.

      © 2017 by Kaplan, Inc.

      Published by Kaplan Publishing, a division of Kaplan, Inc.

      750 Third Avenue

      New York, NY 10017

      INTRODUCTION

      How to Review a PrepTest

      Taking full-length practice LSAT tests is an essential part of comprehensive preparation for this important exam. Not only do practice tests contain examples of all the questions, games, and passages used by the testmaker, but by taking practice LSATs, you also get a feel for the timing restrictions that make each section of the LSAT so challenging. Moreover, when you take full-length exams, you approximate the endurance and stamina demands of Test Day. 

      The LSAT is unique among the major post-graduate admissions exams in that the LSAC (the organization that creates and administers the LSAT) releases three previously administered, official LSAT tests each year. To help our students get the most out of these valuable practice resources, Kaplan has a team of LSAT experts who evaluate each test, and write comprehensive explanations for every question (indeed, for every answer choice) immediately after the exam’s release. Now, for the first time, we are making these explanations available to everyone who is serious about his or her LSAT preparation. 

      Here are a few tips for the best way to use the explanations. 

      1. Learn the Kaplan Methods for Each Section

      Every official LSAT contains two sections of Logical Reasoning, and one section each of Logic Games (or Analytical Reasoning, as the LSAC calls it) and Reading Comprehension. Test takers who train with Kaplan learn simple but highly effective methods for the questions, games, and passages in these sections. Thus, our explanations are written so that they follow the steps of those methods consistently. As you review the questions in the test, the explanations here will not only explain why a particular answer is correct, it will show you how an LSAT expert efficiently untangles the question, and how she can demonstrate that all four other answers are incorrect. 

      The Kaplan Methods for each type of scored section are outlined for each section later in this chapter. The methods are somewhat intuitive, so you’ll get the gist of each one pretty quickly. In addition, you’ll learn about some of the specific strategies Kaplan students learn in class. Keep an eye out for those strategies again as you review the questions in your test.

      Terminology and Definitions

      In our comprehensive LSAT prep courses, Kaplan students learn a sweeping vocabulary of terms, categories, and distinctions for the question types, patterns of reasoning, flaws, conclusions, and rhetorical devices employed by the testmaker. If you are not currently in a Kaplan LSAT prep course, you may come across terms with which you’re unfamiliar, or unsure how to understand in the context of the test.

      2. Evaluate Timed Practice Differently than Untimed Practice

      We’ll stipulate that you have already completed the test. Why else would you be looking at the explanations? Now, a couple of questions: First, did you take the LSAT under strict, timed conditions? If you did, review questions in context. Were you running out of time near the end of the section? Did you have to guess? Did you spend far too long to get one or two questions correct, thus costing yourself the opportunity to try other questions? Many of the explanations in this book will give you strategies for answering questions more efficiently and effectively, as well as always explaining how to answer them correctly. Speed and confidence can be important to your score on Test Day—in some cases, as important as expertise. 

      If you did not time yourself, or if you gave yourself extra time to complete the LSAT, review the questions to assess your mastery of LSAT skills. There is nothing wrong with untimed practice. Indeed, Kaplan’s expert LSAT instructors encourage their students to engage in untimed, mastery practice whenever the students learn a new question type. When you are reviewing a test on which you took extra time, your focus should be on assessing how you did on each step of each question, and especially on how well you executed the skills rewarded by the LSAT. 

      3. Note the Question Difficulty

      At the beginning of each section of explanations, you will see a list of the questions in that section of the test. For each question, we provide the question type and a difficulty rating of between 1 star (easiest) and 4 stars (hardest). Pay attention to the difficulty level of the questions you got right and those you missed. 

      Because our students take official, released LSAT tests for practice during their courses, we at Kaplan have hundreds of thousands of data points on the questions in these released tests. We can accurately determine the difficulty of every question on each exam, and even determine which incorrect answers gave students the most trouble, and which ones they dismissed easily.

      Here’s how the star ratings work. Four-star questions are the 10 most difficult questions on the test. Typically these are answered correctly by one-third of students or less. The next 20 questions in difficulty are assigned a 3-star rating. The next 30 get a 2-star rating. And, the rest (the easiest 40 or 41 questions on the exam) are given a 1-star rating. On most LSATs, the 1-star questions are answered correctly by 70 percent of students or more. 

      The difficulty ratings help you assess your performance in two important ways. First, when you miss a 4-star or 3-star question, you’re in good company. These questions are difficult for most students. Study the explanation to a 4- or 3-star question carefully, and note the strategic approaches that allows LSAT experts to solve these tough verbal and reasoning puzzles. On the other hand, when you miss a 1- or 2-star question, focus on where you may have misinterpreted the instructions or some key piece of information. While these questions are not too hard for most students, even top scorers occasionally miss 1- and 2-star questions, usually because of same kinds of oversights you’ll see cleared up in the explanations in this book. 

      The second way difficulty ratings can help you is by providing insight into your score. Here is a chart showing how raw score (the number of correct answers a test taker generates) translates into scaled score (the 120 to 180 score law schools see on your score report) and into percentile (the percentage of test takers who scored below you on a given exam). 

      Because the LSAC score report is comparing you to all those who took your test, and to the cohort of applicants likely to apply to law school at the same time you do, the translation from raw score to scaled score and percentile change slightly from test to test. The previous chart, however, provides a good estimate of scoring on most recent LSATs. As you can see, on most tests, you could miss nine of the ten 4-star questions and still score a 172, placing you in the 99th percentile, and giving you a score competitive at any law school in the country. Were you to miss all of the 4- and 3-star questions, you would still get 71 correct answers, producing a scaled score around 158, better than 75 percent of test takers. To place above the 50th percentile (or, to score over 151, if you like), you’ll need to get about 58 correct answers, that’s all of the 1-star and not quite a majority of the 2-star questions. Now, most test takers get a mixture of easier and harder questions right, and even top scorers occasionally mess up and miss a 1-star question. But, take note of what happens once you are scoring over the 50th percentile: adding between five and ten correct answers to your performance can move your percentile score up ten points or more, making your application stronger than those of thousands of other test takers.

      4. Recognize Patterns in the LSAT and in Your Performance

      As a standardized test, the LSAT is nothing if not predictable. You won’t know the content of the questions or passages you’ll see on your official exam, of course, but repeated practice can reveal patterns that will help you improve your performance. As you review multiple tests, you will begin to see that certain question types recur with greater or lesser frequency. Moreover, each question type is amenable to a handful of expert strategies, which are often outlined in the explanations in this book. Beyond the patterns associated with question strategies and correct answers, you’ll see that even the incorrect answers regularly fall into a handful of definite types as well. Whenever this is the case, the Kaplan explanations will highlight and articulate the incorrect answer pattern. 

      Use these patterns and categories to help assess your own performance. Ask yourself the following questions, and answer honestly. Do you regularly struggle with a particular Logic Reasoning question type? Is a certain pattern in Logic Games easier for you? Does another game type trip you up? Do some topics or question types in Reading Comprehension give you more trouble than others? Throughout the test, are there incorrect answer types to which you are routinely susceptible? 

      In our comprehensive Kaplan LSAT prep courses, we provide tools that help all of our students identify their individual strengths and weaknesses, and then we provide personalized instruction to help them maximize their potential on the test. If you are preparing on your own, identifying the patterns that impact your performance (for better or worse) will require more time and attention, but don’t skip this important part of review. Determine your areas of greatest opportunities for improvement, and focus on them as you continue your practice. That leads directly to the next tip. 

      5. Apply What You Learn

      This is the most significant tip of all. Taking a practice LSAT is important. If you complete your practice test under timed, test-like conditions, it will give you a great snapshot of your performance as it stands now. But, to get a genuine understanding of your strengths and opportunities—and, more importantly, to improve your performance—you need to take and review multiple tests.

      The greatest value of these explanations is that you can use each practice test to evaluate your performance. That will point you in the right direction the next time you practice. Don’t be content with getting a question right. Review the explanation until you are satisfied that you can get a similar question right the next time you see one, and that you can get it right as quickly and efficiently as you’ll need to under the time constraints of the test. When you get a question wrong, don’t simply read the correct answer and think, Oh, I get it now. Make sure you know how you misread or misunderstood the question, and why the particular incorrect answer you chose was tempting. 

      Practice and review the LSAT consistently with the help of expert explanations, and you will improve. 

      INTRODUCTION

      Logical Reasoning Method and Strategies

      The Kaplan Method for Logical Reasoning has four steps. The order of Steps 1 and 2 may surprise you a little bit. 

      LOGICAL REASONING METHOD

      1. Identify the Question Type 

      2. Untangle the Stimulus 

      3. Predict the Correct Answer 

      4. Evaluate the Answer Choices

      Every Logical Reasoning question has three easily identifiable parts: the stimulus, the question stem, and five answer choices. The stimulus is the paragraph or short dialogue at the top of the question; it may contain an argument or a set of statements. Beneath the stimulus is the question stem; it gives the test taker her task, e.g., identify an assumption in the argument, pick the answer that makes the argument stronger or weaker, describe a flaw in the author’s reasoning, or choose the answer that follows from the statements in the stimulus. Underneath the question stem, there are five answer choices, exactly one of which fulfills the task called for by the question stem; the other four answer choices are demonstrably incorrect. 

      The Kaplan Method for Logical Reasoning takes the most efficient and strategic route through the questions. You will see this Method reflected in the explanations to every Logical Reasoning question. 

      Step 1: Identify the Question Type

      Begin with the question stem. Find out what your task is. That way, you’ll know what to look for as you are analyzing the stimulus. The explanations will show you how an expert approaches the stimulus differently depending on the question type found in the question stem. 

      LOGICAL REASONING STRATEGY

      Identify the Question Type

      As you review your test, take note of the task, or question type, for every Logical Reasoning question. You’ll soon notice that certain question types are more prevalent. Moreover, you’ll begin to see how LSAT experts approach the same question types consistently to maximize their accuracy and speed. 

      Step 2: Untangle the Stimulus

      Once you understand your task, read the stimulus actively, focusing on the sentences or statements that will help you choose the correct answer. 

      LOGICAL REASONING STRATEGY

      Effectively Analyze Arguments 

      In questions that ask you to analyze an argument, you will want to first locate and paraphrase the author’s conclusion, meaning the assertion or opinion about which the author is trying to convince the reader. After identifying the conclusion, focus on the author’s evidence, the statements or premises the author offers in support of the conclusion. Many questions require that you then determine the author’s assumption(s), the unstated premise(s) that logically connect the evidence to the conclusion. 

      The explanations will outline expert argument analysis whenever

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