Mastering QlikView

Table of Contents

Mastering QlikView

Credits

About the Author

About the Reviewers

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Free access for Packt account holders

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Preface

Qlik Sense

What this book covers

What you need for this book

Who this book is for

Conventions

Reader feedback

Customer support

Downloading the example code

Errata

Piracy

Questions

1. Performance Tuning and Scalability

Reviewing basic performance tuning techniques

Removing unneeded data

Reducing the number of rows

Reducing the number of columns

Replacing text keys with numbers

Resolving synthetic keys

Reviewing the basics

Generating test data

Generating dimension values

Generating fact table rows

Understanding how QlikView stores its data

A great primer

Looking at things from a simple level

Exporting the memory statistics for a document

Strategies to reduce the data size and improve performance

Optimizing field values and keys

Optimizing data by removing keys using ApplyMap

Optimizing performance by removing keys by joining tables

Optimizing memory by removing low cardinality fields

Testing chart performance for different load options

Turning the cache off

Examining the chart calculation time for different scenarios

Optimizing performance by creating counter fields

Optimizing performance by combining fact tables?

Optimizing your numbers

Optimizing chart calculation times

The QlikView calculation engine

Creating flags for well-known conditions

Sorting for well-known conditions

Using Direct Discovery

Direct Discovery restrictions

Direct Discovery syntax

Looking at an example Direct Query

Testing scalability with JMeter

Obtaining the scalability tools

Installing JMeter

Installing the scalability tools

About the scalability tools

Running an example execution

Summary

2. QlikView Data Modeling

Reviewing basic data modeling

Associating data

Automatically associating tables

Understanding synthetic keys

Creating composite keys

Using string concatenation

Using one of the Hash functions

Using the AutoNumber function

Realizing that facts are calculated at the level of their table

Joining data

Understanding Join and Keep

Inner joins

Left and right joins

Outer joins

Cartesian joins

Understanding the effect of duplicate key values on joins

Understanding Keep

Concatenating rows

Reviewing Concatenate

Differentiating Concatenate and Join

Mapping data with ApplyMap

Reviewing the basic functionality of ApplyMap

Mapping numbers

Using ApplyMap instead of Join with duplicate rows

Dimensional data modeling

Differentiating between facts and dimensions

Understanding the grain

Understanding star schemas

Summing with facts

Discovering more about facts

Transaction fact tables

Periodic snapshot fact tables

Factless fact tables

Dealing with nulls in fact tables in QlikView

Designing dimension tables

Denormalizing dimensions and conformed dimensions

Understanding surrogate keys

Dealing with missing or late arriving dimension values

Defining Kimball's four-step dimensional design process

Selecting the business process

Declaring the grain

Identifying the dimensions

Identifying the facts

Learning some useful reusable dimension methods

Creating a calendar dimension

Unwrapping hierarchies

Creating leaves with Hierarchy

Creating parent associations with HierarchyBelongsTo

Creating dimensional facts

Handling slowly changing dimensions

Taking the most recently changed record using FirstSortedValue

Using IntervalMatch with SCDs

Using hash to manage from/to dates

Dealing with multiple fact tables in one model

Joining the fact tables together

Concatenating fact tables

Changing the grain of a fact table

Linking fact tables of different grains

Drilling across with document chaining

Summary

3. Best Practices for Loading Data

Reviewing data loading concepts

Getting data from anywhere

Loading data from QlikView

Loading similar files with concatenation

Loading dissimilar files with Concatenate and For Each

Understanding QlikView Data files

Storing tables to QVD

Using QVD files

Understanding why you should use an ETL approach

Speeding up overall data loading

Reusing extracted data in multiple documents

Applying common business rules across multiple documents

Creating conformed dimensions

Provisioning a self-service data layer

Using an ETL approach to create QVD data layers

Creating a StoreAndDrop subroutine

Extracting data

Creating an extractor folder structure

Differentiating types of scripts

Executing the extractors

Transforming data

Creating a transformer and model folder structure

Executing transformers

Loading data

Creating a UserApp folder structure

Executing the load step

Mastering loading techniques

Loading data incrementally

Establishing the script for the basic process

Running an incremental load when data is only added

Loading incrementally when data might be modified

Handling deletions from the source system

Handling situations where there is no modify date

Partially reloading only one part of the data model

Replacing a table

Adding new rows to a table

Managing script execution in partial reloads

Loading the content of another QVW

Using QlikView Expressor for ETL

Introducing Expressor

Understanding why to use Expressor for ETL

Understanding workspaces, libraries, projects, and artifacts

Creating a workspace

Managing extensions

Working with libraries and projects

Understanding artifacts

Configuring connections

Configuring a File connection

Connecting to a database

Creating a QVX Connector Connection

Configuring types and schemas

Adding additional Atomic types

Creating Composite types

Configuring a schema

Creating and packaging a basic dataflow

Understanding the dataflow toolbox

Inputs

Outputs

Transformers

Utility

Creating the dataflow

Configuring a Read File operator

Adding a Transformation operation

Creating a QVX output

Packaging the dataflow

Summary

4. Data Governance

Reviewing basic concepts of data governance

Understanding what metadata is

Structural metadata

Descriptive metadata

Administrative metadata

Establishing descriptive metadata

Adding document-level information

Documents without any additional metadata

Document Properties

Management Console

Naming and renaming fields

Guidelines to rename fields

Dimensions

Key fields

Measures

Renaming fields using As

Using Qualify

Renaming fields using Rename

Using a mapping table to rename fields

Tagging fields

Using the Tag statement to tag a field

Tagging fields using a mapping table

Hiding fields

Hiding fields automatically based on prefix or suffix

Using tagging to hide fields

Adding field comments

Renaming and commenting on tables

Commenting in charts

Commenting dimensions

Entering an expression comment

Automatically renaming qualified fields

Extracting metadata

Exporting the structure

Extracting from QVD files

Extracting from QVW files

Deploying the QlikView Governance Dashboard

Managing profiles

Configuring the Dashboard options

Reviewing operational information

Analyzing application information

Summary

5. Advanced Expressions

Reviewing basic concepts

Searching in QlikView

Searching for text

Wildcard search

Normal search

Fuzzy search

Associative search

Advanced search

Searching numeric fields

Numeric search

Automatic interpretation of searches

Multiple values search

Searching in multiple listboxes

Understanding bookmarks

Saving a bookmark

Managing bookmarks

Using variables in QlikView

SET versus LET

Using variables to hold common expressions

Using variables with Dollar-sign Expansion

Limiting calculations

Sum of If

Flag arithmetic

Calculations using variables

Data islands

Set Analysis

Explaining what we mean by a set

Set identifiers

Set modifiers

Understanding Dollar-sign Expansion

Following the two-step process

Following the steps in the script debugger

Following the steps in a chart expression

Understanding when the steps happen in chart expressions

Using parameters with variables and Dollar-sign Expansion

Using variables in expressions

Using advanced Set Analysis

Identifying the identifiers

Understanding that modifiers are sets

Set arithmetic

Using searches in Set Analysis

Using Dollar-sign Expansion with Set Analysis

Comparing to other fields

Direct field comparison

Using Concat with Dollar-sign Expansion

Using the P and E element functions

Set Analysis with Alternate States

Using Alternate States as identifiers

Comparing fields between states

Calculating vertically

Using inter-record and range functions

Applying the Total qualifier

Creating advanced aggregations with Aggr

Using Aggr to calculate a control chart

Calculated dimensions

No to nodistinct

Summary

6. Advanced Scripting

Reviewing the basic concepts

Using Table Files Wizard

Using relative paths

Delimited files

Fixed width files

XML files

HTML files

QVD/QVX files

Connecting to databases

Using the Connect button

Understanding the Connect To statement

Explaining the Force 32 Bit option

The Select wizard

Counting records

RecNo

RowNo

FieldValueCount

NoOfRows

NoOfColumns

Loading data quickly

Understanding compression settings

Optimal loading from QVD

Using an Exists clause

Preloading fields into QVDs

Applying variables and the Dollar-sign Expansion in the script

Examining common usage

Holding dates

Holding paths

Examining variable values during reloads

Nesting Dollar-sign Expansions

Passing parameters to variables – macro functions

Subroutines

Using control structures

Branching with conditional statements

If … Then … ElseIf

A note about conditional functions

Switch … Case

When and Unless

Looping in the script

AutoGenerate

For … Next loops

For Each … Next loops

FileList

DirList

Do … Loop

Exiting

Exiting the script

Exiting other constructs

Using variables for error handling

ErrorMode

ScriptError

ScriptErrorCount and ScriptErrorList

Examining advanced Table File Wizard options

Enabling a transformation step

Garbage

Fill

Column

Context

Unwrap

Rotate

Using the Crosstable wizard

Looking at data from different directions

Putting things first

First

FirstSortedValue

Looking backwards

Previous

Peek

Reusing code

Summary

7. Visualizing Data

Reviewing the history of data visualization

Beginning the story

Analyzing geometry

Grecian influences

French discord

Telling stories with diagrams

Educating with charts

Inventing new charts

Creating infographics

Using data visualization to persuade

Bringing the story up to date

Following the leaders

Edward Tufte

Few

Robert Kosara

Alberto Cairo

Andy Kirk

Enrico Bertini and Stefaner Moritz

Mike Bostock

Understanding the audience

Matching patterns

Counting numbers

Estimating numbers

Understanding picture superiority

Drawing conclusions

Designing effective visualizations

Understanding affordances

Grading your screen's real estate

Nielsen's F

The Gutenberg diagram

Preference for the right

Positioning screen elements

Charts on the left

Listboxes on the right

Dates on top

Using the layout grid

Thinking quantitatively

Understanding the SFW question

Designing dashboards

Choosing charts

Categorical comparison

Trend analysis

Comparing measures

Low cardinality, part-to-whole comparison

Tabular information

Using color

Color should have meaning

What does RAG mean?

The ink-to-data ratio

Color blindness

Using maps

Summary

Index

Mastering QlikView

Mastering QlikView

Copyright © 2014 Packt Publishing

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embedded in critical articles or reviews.

Every effort has been made in the preparation of this book to ensure the accuracy of the information presented. However, the information contained in this book is sold without warranty, either express or implied. Neither the author, nor Packt Publishing, and its dealers and distributors will be held liable for any damages caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by this book.

Packt Publishing has endeavored to provide trademark information about all of the companies and products mentioned in this book by the appropriate use of capitals. However, Packt Publishing cannot guarantee the accuracy of this information.

First published: November 2014

Production reference: 1191114

Published by Packt Publishing Ltd.

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ISBN 978-1-78217-329-8

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Credits

Author

Stephen Redmond

Reviewers

Ralf Becher

Gert Jan Feick

Miguel Ángel García

Barry Harmsen

Commissioning Editor

Akram Hussain

Acquisition Editor

Kevin Colaco

Content Development Editors

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Azharuddin Sheikh

Technical Editors

Mrunal M. Chavan

Dennis John

Copy Editors

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Project Coordinator

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Proofreaders

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Paul Hindle

Indexers

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Graphics

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Production Coordinator

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Cover Work

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About the Author

Stephen Redmond is the CTO and Qlik Luminary at CapricornVentis (http://www.capventis.com)—a QlikView Elite Partner. He is the author of several books, including QlikView for Developers Cookbook and QlikView Server and Publisher, both published by Packt Publishing. He is also the author of the popular DevLogix series for SalesLogix developers.

In 2006, after many years of working with CRM systems, reporting and analysis solutions, and data integration, Stephen started working with QlikView. Since then, CapricornVentis has become QlikView's top partner in the UK and Ireland territories, and with Stephen as the head of the team, they have implemented QlikView in a wide variety of enterprise and large-business customers across a wide range of sectors, from public sector to financial services to large retailers.

In 2014, Stephen was awarded the Luminary status by Qlik in recognition of his product advocacy. He regularly contributes to online forums, including the Qlik Community. His QlikView blog is at http://www.qliktips.com, and you can follow him on Twitter at @stephencredmond where he tweets about QlikView, BI, data visualization, technology in general, and occasionally, on marathon running.

As always, thanks to my family for their constant support—I couldn't do this without them.

Thanks to the technical reviewers—they helped me remain honest and make this a better publication.

Special thanks to Colman Walsh of UXTraining.ie for his permission to reuse his photograph that so well represents a Donald Door—I have been using it for several years in presentations and I am delighted to be able to use it here.

About the Reviewers

Ralf Becher has worked as an IT system architect and as an IT consultant since 1989 in banking, insurance, logistics, automotive, and retail sectors. He founded TIQ Solutions GmbH in 2004 with his partners. The company specializes in modern, quality-assured data management.

Since 2004, they have been helping their customers process, evaluate, and maintain the quality of company data, helping them introduce, implement, and improve complex solutions in the fields of data architecture, data integration, data migration, master data management, metadata management, data warehousing, and Business Intelligence.

Ralf is an internationally recognized QlikView expert with a strong position in the Qlik Community. He started working with QlikView in 2006 and has contributed QlikView add-on solutions for data quality and data integration, especially for connectivity in the Java and Big Data realms. He runs his QlikView data integration blog at http://tiqview.tumblr.com/.

Gert Jan Feick studied Informatics (language, knowledge, and interaction) at Technical University of Enschede (NL). He started his career as a project manager at a medium-sized software development company, specializing in requirements analysis and project management. From 2005 onward, he was responsible for the buildup of a company in the areas of software development, reporting and visualizations, and analysis. In 2011, he moved to Germany and became a management consultant at Infomotion GmbH, where he is responsible for the team that works on self-service and Agile BI as well as reporting and analysis.

He regularly contributes to online forums (including the Qlik Community), speaks at conventions, and writes articles. You can follow him on Twitter at @gdollen where he tweets about QlikView, Agile and self-service BI, data visualization, and other topics in general.

Miguel Ángel García is a Business Intelligence consultant and QlikView Solutions Architect, based in Monterrey, Mexico. Having worked throughout many successful QlikView implementations, from inception through implementation, and performed across a wide variety of roles on each project; his experience and skills range from presales to applications development and design, technical architecture, system administration, as well as functional analysis and overall project execution.

He is the co-author of QlikView 11 for Developers, Packt Publishing, which was published in November 2012, and its corresponding translation into Spanish, QlikView 11 para Desarrolladores, Packt Publishing, published in December 2013. He has also worked as a technical reviewer for several other QlikView books.

He is the cofounder of Q-On Training Center (www.q-on.bi), a place where users, developers, and enthusiasts can get access to online QlikView training, with options that cover all the skill levels.

He currently holds the QlikView Designer, QlikView Developer, and QlikView System Administrator certifications issued by Qlik, for Versions 9, 10, and 11.

In 2014, he was awarded the Qlik Luminary distinction in recognition for his active participation and collaboration in the QlikView ecosystem.

Barry Harmsen is the owner of Bitmetric, a boutique consulting firm that specializes in QlikView and is based in the Netherlands. Originally from a background of traditional Business Intelligence, data warehousing, and performance management; in 2008 he made the shift to QlikView and a more user-centric form of Business Intelligence.

Since switching over to QlikView, Barry and his team have completed many successful implementations in many different industries, from financial services to telecom and from manufacturing to healthcare. His QlikView experience covers a wide variety of roles and subjects including requirements analysis, design, development, architecture, infrastructure, system administration, integration, project management, and training.

In 2012, he co-authored QlikView 11 for Developers, Packt Publishing. This book has quickly established itself as one of the best ways to teach yourself QlikView. He is also one of the core speakers at the Masters Summit for QlikView. This 3-day conference for QlikView developers covers advanced topics and is designed to take your QlikView skills to the next level. More information about the Masters Summit can be found at www.masterssummit.com.

Barry maintains a QlikView blog at www.qlikfix.com and can be followed on Twitter at @meneerharmsen.

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Preface

This is a book about mastery. But what does this mean? What does being a QlikView master mean?

When I wrote QlikView for Developers Cookbook, Packt Publishing, I started the preface with the sentence:

There is no substitute for experience.

When it comes to QlikView, experience is the thing that makes a difference. Experience is the difference between the developers who can create good applications and the consultants who can create real business solutions that solve real business problems.

I have been working with QlikView since 2006, and in this time, I have created some fantastic solutions. I also created applications that I cringe to look at today. I like to think that I have mastered the subject, even though I am still learning.

At CapricornVentis, I work with one of the brightest bunch of consultants; it has ever been my pleasure to work with them. I get to teach a lot but I also get to learn a tremendous amount from these guys. We are constantly pushing the boundaries of the product to get to the right solution. As a beginner in this area, I would have wanted to work for an organization like CapricornVentis, where I could really learn and grow as a consultant.

Let's be clear; I do not know every little detail about QlikView, but I do know most of them. What I think I know, and know really well, are the important things to know about when creating QlikView solutions. This knowledge is what I have tried to distil down into this book.

You won't be a master by just reading this book. As Alfred Korzybski famously stated:

The map is not the territory.

This book is not an ultimate mastering guide, rather is a like a map that guides us towards our common destination—to become a QlikView master. Study the map well and you will get there.

Qlik Sense

During the development of this book, Qlik released their next generation product, Qlik Sense. Qlik Sense is not, currently, a replacement product for QlikView, and Qlik has announced that they will have a two-product strategy and sell QlikView for guided BI applications and Qlik Sense for self-service BI applications. A new version, QlikView 12.0, is slated for release in the second half of 2015.

While Qlik Sense is a new product, it is built on the same heritage as QlikView. There is a new data engine, QIX, that stores the data in a format more columnar than that of QlikView. However, the inference engine is still the same (green, white, and gray). The script syntax is still the same; in fact, we can use QlikView scripts in Qlik Sense. The frontend is very different because it is based on a new web design, but the expression syntax is still the same.

Therefore, much of what is written in this book about QlikView will still apply to Qlik Sense. Anyone who masters QlikView will be well on their way to mastering Qlik Sense.

What this book covers

Chapter 1, Performance Tuning and Scalability, is where we look at understanding how QlikView stores its data so that we can optimize that storage in our applications. We will also look at topics such as Direct Discovery and testing implementations using JMeter.

Chapter 2, QlikView Data Modeling, looks in detail at dimensional data modeling and learning about fact and dimension tables and using best practices from Ralph Kimball in QlikView. We also learn about how to handle slowly changing dimensions (SCDs), multiple fact tables, and drilling across with document chaining.

Chapter 3, Best Practices for Loading Data, is where we look at implementing ETL strategies with QVD files. We also introduce QlikView Expressor.

Chapter 4, Data Governance, looks at areas such as implementing metadata in QlikView and managing our implementation with QlikView Governance Dashboard.

Chapter 5, Advanced Expressions, is where we look at areas such as the Dollar-sign Expansion, set analysis, and vertical calculations using Total and Aggr.

Chapter 6, Advanced Scripting, looks at optimizing loads, Dollar-sign Expansion in the script, and control structures. We also introduce the concept of code reuse.

Chapter 7, Visualizing Data, is where we look at the historical background to data visualization; we gain an understanding of the human relationship with numbers and learn some good design principles to bring to our applications.

What you need for this book

You need a copy of QlikView Desktop, which you can download for free from http://www.qlikview.com/download. After this, you shouldn't need anything else. You can also test the examples in Qlik Sense.

To demonstrate the different techniques and functions, I will usually get you to load a table of data. We do this using the INLINE function. For example:

Load * Inline [

  Field1, Field2

  Value1, Value2

  Value3, Value4

];

This will load a table with two fields, Field1 and Field2, and two rows of data.

Most of the time, this type of table is enough for what we need to do. In a few examples, where I need you to use more data than that, we will use publicly available data sources.

Who this book is for

This is not a beginner's book. This book is for anyone who has learned QlikView or Qlik Sense—either from formal training, online resources, or QlikView 11 for Developers, Miguel García and Barry Harmsen, Packt Publishing—and now wants to take their learning to a higher level.

Conventions

In this book, you will find a number of text styles that distinguish between different kinds of information. Here are some examples of these styles and an explanation of their meaning.

Code words in text, database table names, folder names, filenames, file extensions, pathnames, dummy URLs, user input, and Twitter handles are shown as follows: In the QVScriptGenTool_0_7 64Bit\Analyzer folder there is a ZIP file called FolderTemplate.zip.

A block of code is set as follows:

Sales:

Load * INLINE [

  Country, Sales

  USA, 1000

  UK, 940

  Japan, 543

];

When we wish to draw your attention to a particular part of a code block, the relevant lines or items are set in bold:

Sales:

Load * INLINE [

  Country, Sales

  USA, 1000

  UK, 940

  Japan, 543

];

Any command-line input or output is written as follows:

C:\Program Files\QlikView\qv.exe

New terms and important words are shown in bold. Words that you see on the screen, for example, in menus or dialog boxes, appear in the text like this: Click on the Execution tab.

Note

Warnings or important notes appear in a box like this.

Tip

Tips and tricks appear like this.

Reader feedback

Feedback from our readers is always welcome. Let us know what you think about this book—what you liked or disliked. Reader feedback is important for us as it helps us develop titles that you will really get the most out of.

To send us general feedback, simply e-mail <[email protected]>, and mention the book's title in the subject of your message.

If there is a topic that you have expertise in and you are interested in either writing or contributing to a book, see our author guide at www.packtpub.com/authors.

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Downloading the example code

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Errata

Although we have taken every care to ensure the accuracy of our content, mistakes do happen. If you find a mistake in one of our books—maybe a mistake in the text or the code—we would be grateful if you could report this to us. By doing so, you can save other readers from frustration and help us improve subsequent versions of this book. If you find any errata, please report them by visiting http://www.packtpub.com/submit-errata, selecting your book, clicking on the Errata Submission Form link, and entering the details of your errata. Once your errata are verified, your submission will be accepted and the errata will be uploaded to our website or added to any list of existing errata under the Errata section of that title.

To view the previously submitted errata, go to https://www.packtpub.com/books/content/support and enter the name of the book in the search field. The required information will appear under the Errata section.

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We appreciate your help in protecting our authors and our ability to bring you valuable content.

Questions

If you have a problem with any aspect of this book, you can contact us at <[email protected]>, and we will do our best to address the problem.

Chapter 1. Performance Tuning and Scalability

The way Moore's Law has benefitted QlikView is really unprecedented amongst other BI systems.

QlikView began life in 1993 in Lund, Sweden. Originally titled QuickView, they had to change things when they couldn't obtain a copyright on that name, and thus QlikView was born.

After years of steady growth, something really good happened for QlikView around 2005/2006—the Intel x64 processors became the dominant processors in Windows servers. QlikView had, for a few years, supported the Itanium version of Windows; however, Itanium never became a dominant server processor. Intel and AMD started shipping the x64 processors in 2004 and, by 2006, most servers sold came with an x64 processor—whether the customer wanted 64-bit or not. Because the x64 processors could support either x86 or x64 versions of Windows, the customer