Creating ELearning Games with Unity

Table of Contents

Creating E-Learning Games with Unity

Credits

About the Author

About the Reviewers

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Preface

What this book covers

What you need for this book

Who this book is for

Conventions

Reader feedback

Customer support

Downloading the example code

Downloading the color images of this book

Errata

Piracy

Questions

1. Introduction to E-Learning and the Three Cs of 3D Games

Understanding e-learning

Introducing our game – Geography Quest

Comprehending the three Cs

Creating our first scene

Developing the character system

Building character representation

Developing the camera code

Implementing GameCam.cs

Developing the player controls code

Implementing PlayerControls.cs

Try it out!

Summary

2. Interactive Objects and MissionMgr

Understanding the base scripts

Building an interactive object

Implementing the CustomGameObj script

Implementing the InteractiveObj script

Implementing the ObjectInteraction script

Implementing the InventoryItem script

Implementing the InventoryMgr script

Implementing the DisplayInventory method

Implementing the MissionMgr script

Implementing the Mission script

Implementing the MissionToken script

Implementing the SimpleLifespanScript

Putting it all together

Testing the mission system

Try it out!

Summary

3. Mission One – Find the Facts

Finding the facts

Designing games to maximize fun

The teaching loop in game design

Implementing the core classes for mission one

Creating a terrain

Creating the FlagLocators GameObject

Creating the FlagMonument GameObject

Creating the MonumentMgr Script

Creating the InventoryPlaceOnMonument class

Creating the MissionMgrHelper script

Creating the TriviaCardScript script

Creating the SetupMissionOne script

Creating the flag Prefabs

Creating the pop-up card Prefabs

Creating the mission pop-up Prefab

Creating the mission reward Prefabs

Creating the FoundAllTheFlags Prefab

Creating the ReturnedTheFlagsResult Prefab

Configuring the mission manager

Playing the level!

Summary

4. Mission One – Future Proofing the Code

Reorganizing our GameObjects in the Scene view

Creating a global scene

Creating a first level scene

Adding new scenes to the project

Creating the PopupMainMenu GameObject

An introduction to Finite State Machines

Implementing an FSM in a game

The switch case FSM

Classes implementation of FSM

Implementing the GameMgr script

Reflecting on our code changes

Analyzing code functionality

Updating some systems

Making the ScorePlate active

Updating the player motion algorithm

Playing the level!

Summary

5. User Interfaces in Unity

Getting familiar with Unity UI classes

Developing the pop-up system

Exploring the GUIText component

Interpreting the members on GUIText

Exploring the GUITexture component

Exploring the TextMesh component

Ideal use of TextMesh

Creating clickable text elements

Detecting mouse clicks

Detecting mouse over

Detecting leaving mouse over

Exploring UnityScript and the GUIButton object

Using UnityGUI

Creating a clickable button

Detecting a mouse click

Building the main menu pop up

Testing our work

Future extensions

Summary

6. NPCs and Associated Technology

Creating the NPC GameObject

Implementing the npcScript class

Implementing the SplineMgr class

Connecting SplineMgr to NPCScript

Implementing the NPC decision system

Implementing the npcCondition script

Implementing the npcResponse script

Implementing the npcInteraction script

Implementing the npcDecisionMgr script

Building a collection of NPC conditions and responses

Implementing the condition_closerThanThresh script

Implementing the condition_fartherThanThresh script

Implementing the response_changeState script

Putting it all together

Summary

7. Mission Two – Testing a Player's Learning

Exploring the structure of mission two

Defining the framework for mission two

Adding a mission to the missionMgr script

Extending the GameCam script

Modifying the terrain

Adding NpcRacers to the mission

Creating the start and finish line flags

Creating the LevelStart and LevelFinished pop ups

Creating the setupLevel2 Prefab

Creating the raceStartup Prefab

Implementing the LevelLogicObj GameObject

Summary

8. Adding Animations

Exploring 3D hierarchies

Skinned meshes in Unity3D

Acquiring and importing models

Exploring the Mechanim animation system

Choosing appropriate animations

Building a simple character animation FSM

Exploring in-place versus root motion animation

Adding the character script

Building a zombie racer animation FSM

Building a quiz racer animation FSM

Exploring the Unity animation editor

Summary

9. Synthesis of Knowledge

Understanding the mission three GameObjects

Applying learning theory to mission three

Creating the structure for mission three

Modifying the terrain

Adding visitors to the park

Modifying the pop-up system

Creating the NpcLocators Prefab

Creating the CorrectResponse Prefabs

Modifying the quiz cards

Adding another data condition

Using the setupLevel3 Prefab

Creating the AddScore condition

Creating the ShowLevel3Results response

Creating the Time object

Modifying the LevelLogicObj object

Rewarding the player

Summary

10. An Extensible Game Framework Pattern in Unity

Load additively

Using delete/load patterns

Refactoring our work

The pop-up system

Updating level 3 pop ups

Updating level 2 pop ups

Updating level 1 pop ups

Refactoring level 2

Implementing a system to connect object references

Updating the SetupMission2 script

Refactoring level 3

Playing and distributing your game

Reflecting on e-learning and game design

Summary

Index

Creating E-Learning Games with Unity

Creating E-Learning Games with Unity

Copyright © 2014 Packt Publishing

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embedded in critical articles or reviews.

Every effort has been made in the preparation of this book to ensure the accuracy of the information presented. However, the information contained in this book is sold without warranty, either express or implied. Neither the author, nor Packt Publishing, and its dealers and distributors will be held liable for any damages caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by this book.

Packt Publishing has endeavored to provide trademark information about all of the companies and products mentioned in this book by the appropriate use of capitals. However, Packt Publishing cannot guarantee the accuracy of this information.

First published: March 2014

Production Reference: 1180314

Published by Packt Publishing Ltd.

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ISBN 978-1-84969-342-4

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Cover Image by Parag Kadam (<[email protected]>)

Credits

Author

David Horachek

Reviewers

Neeraj Jadhav

Alankar Pradhan

K. Aava Rani

Ranpariya Ankur J. [PAHeartBeat]

Acquisition Editor

Joanne Fitzpatrick

Content Development Editor

Chalini Snega Victor

Technical Editors

Arwa Manasawala

Manal Pednekar

Anand Singh

Ankita Thakur

Copy Editors

Sarang Chari

Brandt D'Mello

Mradula Hegde

Project Coordinator

Binny K. Babu

Proofreader

Simran Bhogal

Indexer

Hemangini Bari

Graphics

Ronak Dhruv

Yuvraj Mannari

Abhinash Sahu

Production Coordinator

Shantanu Zagade

Cover Work

Shantanu Zagade

About the Author

David Horachek is a video game software developer with over 13 years of experience in programming arcade, home console, and portable games. He has programmed game projects published by Midway Games, EA, Ubisoft, SEGA, and others. He develops games under the Arbelos Interactive label.

I would like to thank my wife Allison and my family for their encouragement and support, the team at Packt Publishing for their patience and advice, and aspiring e-learning game programmers for their work to come.

About the Reviewers

Neeraj Jadhav did his Bachelors in Computer Engineering from Mumbai University and Masters in Computer Science from University of Houston-Clear Lake. He has been working as a software developer for three years. His interests primarily lie in software development with Java and C# as well as web development with HTML 5, CSS 3, jQuery, and JavaScript. During his graduate years, he worked on developing games using Unity's 3D game engine with JavaScript and C#.

Alankar Pradhan is from Mumbai, Maharashtra, and went to Indian Education Society's CPV High School. He is an ambitious person who loves interacting with new people, travelling, spending leisure time with friends, or playing games on both his PC and mobile. Games have been always a passion in his life. More than just playing the game, his main curiosity is how things work. Hence, he decided to pursue his career in the same field. He graduated with BSc Honors in Software Development from Sheffield Hallam University, UK. He is currently pursuing an advanced course in game programming (BAC+5 Equivalent) from DSK Supinfogame, where he is undertaking industry-oriented projects to enhance his skill set and giving his best in doing so. He worked as a game programming intern at The Walt Disney Company India Pvt Ltd. During his internship, he worked on a live project, called Hitout Heroes, where he was responsible for integration of small gameplay modules and then social integration of Facebook into the game, but later on, the whole UI implementation, working, flow, and mechanism was managed solely by him. At the end, he was responsible for bug solving and memory management. His name was added in the credits due to his accomplishments.

He has worked in many small projects in team as well as individually, thus sharpening his own skills in various languages, such as C#, C++, Java, Unreal Script, Python, Lua, Groovy/Grails, and HTML5/CSS. He is familiar with engines such as Unity3D, Unreal Development Kit, and Visual Studio and also SDKs such as NetBeans, Eclipse, and Wintermute. Recently, in 2013, his dissertation on Comparison between Python and Lua in Gaming Industry got published as a book.

More to this, he even likes to read, listen to music, and write poems and rap songs at times. He has his own website at http://alan.poetrycraze.com where he posts his poems and has also published a book called The Art Of Lost Words, which is available on Amazon.com.

We are so often caught up with our goals that we forget to appreciate the journey, especially the people we meet on the way. Appreciation is a wonderful feeling; it's way better if we don't overlook it. I hereby take this opportunity to acknowledge the people who directed me and inspired me in this initiative. I would like to express hearty thanks to my parents, who instilled and believed in me always. I am also thankful to my friends for their constant support and encouraging words that helped me to reach this level. Last but not least, I would like to thank all the people who are directly or indirectly involved in this and helped me in one or the other way.

K. Aava Rani is a co-founder of CulpzLab Pvt Ltd., a software company having 10 years of experience in game technologies. A successful blogger and technologist, she switched her focus to game development in 2004. Since then, she has produced a number of game titles and has provided art and programming solutions to Unity developers across the globe. She is based in New Delhi, India. She has been a recipient of several prestigious awards including Adobe for game technology expert 2012 and SmartFoxServer for her articles. She has experience in various technologies.

Aava is the co-founder of CulpzLab, a software development company of highly skilled professionals in web, game development, and interactive media. Founded in 2010, CulpzLab has proven itself to be a reliable technology partner for its clients. Currently, CulpzLab employs over 50 people and is based in New Delhi, India.

CulpzLab is a leading, custom (bespoke) process-driven software solutions provider that has helped and partnered with many reputable brands, start-up ventures, and offshore IT companies, helping them realize their digital solutions and delivering effectively, efficiently, and on time.

CulpzLab has worked with a plethora of clients globally. With a diverse technology background, industry expertise, and a client footprint that extends to more than 14 countries, CulpzLab is well positioned to help organizations derive maximum value from their IT investments and fully support their business aims.

CulpzLab's core business purpose is to invent, engineer, and deliver technology solutions that drive business value, create social value, and improve the lives of customers.

I would like to acknowledge the creators of Unity3D program, the amazing tool that allows the ultimate digital experience in creative expression. I'd also like to thank my clients for being part of the fun! Many of you have become good friends over my creative successes. And finally, I'd like to thank R.K.Rajanjan, who taught me how to love and appreciate technologies.

Ranpariya Ankur J. [PAHeartBeat] represents himself in the gaming world as PAHeartBeat. He has vast experience in the computer programming field from FoxPro to Microsoft .NET technologies. In game programming, he works with one of India's successful game studios, GameAnax Inc., by IndiaNIC InfoTech Ltd., as a Unity3D game programmer, and also works on racing titles for mobile device-based games and studio's internal reusable code GameAnax Engine, which works in Unity3D for the iOS and Android platforms. He has worked on the two most successful in-house games, Crazy Monster Truck – Escape and Go Karts, and has also worked on client projects.

Before this, he hasn't worked for any other books either as a reviewer or as a co-author; it's his first experience in book reviewing.

I would to like to thank my family and my roommates who give me space to work for games at night and adjust their routines and time according to my schedule, thus providing their help.

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Preface

E-learning can be described as the use of computers and digital technology to facilitate teaching and learning. One popular method of accomplishing this, and which is also the approach we will take in this book, is through gamification of learning, that is, the application of cognitive psychology and game-based rules to learning systems.

At the time of writing this book, it is projected that by the year 2020, 85 percent of all daily human tasks will be gamified to some extent (Everyone is a Gamer, a HTML document by Corcione, Andrew, and Fran Tardo, available at www.prnewswire.com, February 25, 2014. This document was accessed on February 28, 2014, http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/everyones-a-gamer---ieee-experts-predict-gaming-will-be-integrated-into-more-than-85-percent-of-daily-tasks-by-2020-247100431.html). This book was written in parts to address the need of young programmers to have a robust and substantial example of an e-learning game to learn from.

The reader will participate in the development of an e-learning game that teaches American geography, Geography Quest. The code and the book were written in tandem so that the text could serve as an accompanying guide to the software.

What this book covers

Chapter 1, Introduction to E-Learning and the Three Cs of 3D Games, introduces e-learning and how games are effective at targeting learning outcomes. It also introduces us to Unity3D and guides us through the development of the character, camera, and control systems for the game.

Chapter 2, Interactive Objects and MissionMgr, helps us to develop some of the core technology for our game foundation. We will implement a system that tracks the user's progress in the game through the concept of a mission. We also develop an interactive object class the player can interact with.

Chapter 3, Mission One – Find the Facts, helps us to code the first level of our game by applying the learning theory we know and the technology we have developed to create an exploration level.

Chapter 4, Mission One – Future Proofing the Code, helps us finish developing the first level of our game after taking a look back at our design needs and refactoring our code so that it is maintainable and extendible. This level presents the learning outcomes to the player for the first time.

Chapter 5, User Interfaces in Unity, takes a sojourn into user interface technology in Unity. We then apply our knowledge and develop a pop-up windows system that will be used in our game.

Chapter 6, NPCs and Associated Technology, helps us apply the technology we have already built in the creation of simple computer-controlled characters for our game.

Chapter 7, Mission Two – Testing a Player's Learning, guides us to develop the second level of our game, applying all of the systems and technology we have developed thus far. This level of the game gives the player an opportunity to manipulate and practice the learning outcomes.

Chapter 8, Adding Animations, takes another sojourn into the various animation systems in Unity3D. We then apply this knowledge by replacing our existing characters with 3D animated models.

Chapter 9, Synthesis of Knowledge, helps us to develop the last level of our game in this chapter by using all of the technology and theory we have learned. This level of the game challenges the user to master the desired learning outcomes.

Chapter 10, An Extensible Game Framework Pattern in Unity, integrates our game levels into one extensible framework. We will polish it more and then package the game up for your user to run on their PC.

What you need for this book

You will need Unity Version 4.2.2f1, which at the time of writing this book may be downloaded from http://unity3d.com/unity/download/archive.

Who this book is for

This book is intended for beginners in Unity3D programming who wish to develop games in Unity3D that teach and inform the user of specific learning outcomes. Common target applications could be for training