Patton And His Third Army

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Text originally published in 1946 under the same title.

© Pickle Partners Publishing 2014, all rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted by any means, electrical, mechanical or otherwise without the written permission of the copyright holder.

Publisher’s Note

Although in most cases we have retained the Author’s original spelling and grammar to authentically reproduce the work of the Author and the original intent of such material, some additional notes and clarifications have been added for the modern reader’s benefit.

We have also made every effort to include all maps and illustrations of the original edition the limitations of formatting do not allow of including larger maps, we will upload as many of these maps as possible.

PATTON AND HIS THIRD ARMY

COLONEL BRENTON G. WALLACE

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS 4

Maps 5

Dedication 6

Appreciation 7

Preface 7

Chapter I — The Two Greatest Bluffs in History 9

Chapter II — The Preparation and Build Up 12

Chapter III — The Staff—Headquarters Third U.S. Army 18

Chapter IV — Across the Beaches 25

Chapter V — The Breakthrough 30

Chapter VI — Across France—The Bomb Explodes 38

Chapter VII — The Falaise Pocket 46

Chapter VIII — Paris Falls 56

Chapter IX — Stopped, But Not by the Germans 65

Chapter X — Line of the Moselle (25 Sept.-7 Nov. 1944) 75

Chapter XI — Capture of Metz and Saar Valley (8 Nov.-18 Dec.) 90

Chapter XII — Battle of the Bulge 105

Chapter XIII — The Eifel Hills to the Rhine Capture of Coblenz and Saar Basin (28 January—21 March, 1945) 125

Chapter XIV — Forcing the Rhine and Across Germany—Entering Czechoslovakia and Austria (22 March-8 May 1945) 136

Chapter XV — Patton — The Man 145

REQUEST FROM THE PUBLISHER 156

APPENDIX I — THIRD U.S. ARMY CHRONOLOGICAL RECORD OF EVENTS 157

APPENDIX II — THIRD ARMY UNITS AND COMMANDERS 162

APPENDIX III — THE BASTOGNE SURRENDER ULTIMATUM AND REPLY 163

APPENDIX IV — A TYPICAL CASUALTY REPORT FROM THE THIRD ARMY SECRET HEADQUARTERS THIRD U.S. ARMY G-1 SECTION 164

APPENDIX V — HEADQUARTERS THIRD UNITED STATES ARMY 167

APPENDIX VI — HEADQUARTERS THIRD UNITED STATES ARMY APO 403 168

APPENDIX VII — THE CHRISTMAS MESSAGE AND PRAYER SENT THE THIRD ARMY, 1944 HEADQUARTERS THIRD UNITED STATES ARMY 169

Maps

The Breakthrough

The Bomb Explodes

The Falaise Pocket

Paris Falls

Paris Past the Moselle

The Line of the Moselle

Capture of Metz and the Saar Valley

The Battle of the Bulge

Eifel Hills to the Rhine

Across the Rhine to Victory

From England to Victory

Dedication

To our beloved Commander, General George Smith Patton, Jr., and the officers and men of the Third U.S. Army—especially those who did not return.

Appreciation

In appreciation of the loyal love, devotion and assistance rendered by my Wife, who, with two sons and a husband serving overseas, was probably the best soldier of the lot.

Her help and encouragement as well as that of our daughter, Dorothy Jane, who did all of the typing in connection with the writing of this book, is greatly appreciated; as is certain assistance rendered by Mr. Harry W. Proctor.

Preface

THE powerful Third Army with its famous leader, General George S. Patton, Jr., which in ten months roared through France, Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, Czechoslovakia and Austria, crushing at every turn the German war machine which in 1940-42 was considered the most powerful army in the world, have now passed into history. Before the memory of the great days of these campaigns as well as the close association with this famous American fighter grow dim, it might be interesting to jot down the story of the events as they unfolded and a few personal impressions of our leader.

This therefore is the story of The Third Army and its great commander.

General Patton had his neck broken in an automobile accident in Germany on 9 December 1945. Although almost completely paralyzed, he fought gamely, but finally succumbed on 20 December 1945—a year almost to the day after his Third Army’s famous dash of over a hundred miles to the north to smash into the southern flank of Von Rundstedt’s Ardennes offensive in Luxembourg and Belgium—the Battle of the Bulge.

Shortly before his death he stated: This is a hell of a way to die.

Although millions mourned his going, no one, including himself, would have wanted him to have lived a cripple. As someone so aptly said, he had finished his work. He, himself, felt and frequently said that America cannot escape her destiny, and that destiny is to be great. He certainly had helped in no small way to make this country fulfill its destiny.

After his death eulogies were heaped upon him, not only from Americans, but from all over the world.

A typical editorial was that of 22 December 1945, in the Toronto, Canada, Evening Telegram:

"With the death of George S. Patton there passes from the scene one of the great soldiers of the last war and one of the most brilliant field commanders of all time. A leader of rare daring and impetuous energy, he showed around Metz and on the Moselle a tenacity that matched the audacity of his thrusts through France, Belgium and Germany. The success of his dazzling drives—as when he jumped the Rhine—was to be attributed as much to shrewd advance preparation as to the quickness of his eye for an opening. In the time to come his name will be a familiar one to all students of the military history that was made in the pre-atomic era.

"In that time the idiosyncracies which made him a subject of controversy and almost marred his career will appear of little importance in comparison with the soldierly qualities which made him one of the most successful and one of the most feared of the Allied generals.

Canadians, who join with Americans in admiration of his leadership, will join with them in regret at his death.

After his untimely death, Mrs. Patton decided that his body should be buried alongside the soldiers who had served under him, in the cemetery at Hamm, Luxembourg, along the storied route of the powerful Third Army drive to victory.

In the following pages I attempt to tell the story of this drive as seen from the Headquarters Third Army.

Having gone to the United Kingdom in July 1942, I witnessed the gradual build-up of our aerial might month after month and the increasing power of our blows from the air along with those of the Royal Air Force, of course, against Germany.

I also witnessed, and took part in the build-up of equipment and supplies and finally of our Ground Forces in the United Kingdom at the same time. There was one difference, however. As the air forces built up, the air blows increased simultaneously, while our ground forces continued to build up in strength and numbers, but no ground blows were struck until everything was ready. Then like lightning the ground forces were let loose at one time. From that time on Germany was given no respite.

As our great leader said before the Invasion:

We shall attack and attack until we are exhausted, and then we shall attack again.

Philadelphia

September 1945-January 1946

Chapter I — The Two Greatest Bluffs in History

FOR many months through 1942 and 1943 the United States Army Air Forces, together with Britain’s Royal Air Force, both operating from the British Isles, gained in strength and numbers. Slowly but surely they were knocking the German Luftwaffe out of the skies and dealing body blows to the cities and industries of Germany.

Each day we read in the papers of the increasing number of bombers and the damage they were inflicting in round the clock bombing of vital targets. The R.A.F. dropped thousands of tons of bombs by night and our own precision bombers dropped more thousands by day.

Eight hundred planes today, a thousand tomorrow, and still they came. The losses, we were told, were small, and so they were, proportionately. Only 46 planes last night, 52 today—only five or six per cent. But we couldn’t avoid a quick figuring up; 52 planes gone, each with nine or ten highly-trained American or English crews, gone forever.

But we were told, too, that the destruction they wrought in Germany was terrific, and that one of these days Germany would realize she could stand no more and would capitulate. Magazine articles were written about it, commentators prophesied it and finally books appeared, all to prove that Germany could be defeated by air power alone.

However, the days rolled on into months and the months into two years and still, although obviously badly hurt by the air blows, Germany showed no real sign of quitting. We were forced to fight bitterly for Africa and Sicily and the Allied armies found the going slow in

As time passed and the pounding of Germany from the air continued, the rumor spread that no ground invasion of the Continent would ever be made because it would not be necessary. Air power would do it all. Many believed this at the time. The tremendous flow of men and materiel from the United States to the British Isles for many long and tedious months was called the greatest bluff in history.

But it wasn’t a bluff. June 6, 1944, dawned and the world was electrified by the news that the American First Army and British and Canadian forces had successfully attacked the beaches of Normandy, had landed and had penetrated inland against almost insurmountable obstacles—mines, steel barriers, gun emplacements and every other device that a determined and crafty enemy had been able to construct during the two-year wait.

It was touch-and-go for several days, but finally a substantial sector of the coast was held securely and the Allied world breathed a little easier.

The Germans were breathing uneasily. Anxiously their High Command checked the reports from spies in England and from Intelligence Units in Normandy to discover what reserves the Allies had. They knew that one corps of General George S. Patton, Jr.’s, Third Army, the VIII, had been attached to the First Army for the invasion, but that most of his Third Army still were in England. It was in connection with them that the second of the greatest bluffs in history occurred.

We knew that General Eisenhower, the Supreme Allied Commander, had the highest esteem for General Patton and his Third Army, and we had heard that the Germans, having felt his quality in Sicily, feared him greatly. But we did not then know why Third Army Headquarters was left near the little town of Knutsford, a few miles south of Manchester and why our troops were scattered through England and North Ireland for more than three weeks after the invasion started.

It was part of the cover plan, as it was called. Keeping General Patton and his army where they were, and being sure to let the German agents find out that they were there, constituted such a threat to Germany, and her leaders so feared a direct thrust by the Third Army at some other point, that they kept 17 divisions along the Pas de Calais section of the Channel coast, afraid to use them as reinforcements in Normandy.

So realistically was this cover plan carried out that each day ships on the east coast were loaded with troops and just at dusk they moved out into the Channel while it was still light enough for German observation planes to see them. Then, after darkness settled, they moved back again into port and unloaded.

Thus a double purpose was served. Troops and the crews of the ships had valuable training in quick loading and unloading, and a new battle had been won in the war of nerves we were waging against the Germans. They never could be sure whether a new invasion was really under way or whether it was just another bluff. In some cases where reinforcements actually were being sent the First Army in Normandy the ships would move into the Channel just before dark as if heading for a new point of invasion, then under cover of darkness would change course to head for the Normandy beaches. By such deceptive measures, the Germans were fooled completely.

On 28 June, the Third Army finally got orders to move. Secretly we slipped quietly and quickly down into southern England.

Third Army Headquarters was set up in Braemer House and several other old manor houses just south of Salisbury. When we left, and for several weeks after we had arrived in France, radios and signal equipment belonging to our headquarters remained in place at Knutsford and were kept in operation exactly as if the full headquarters still was operating there. In fact, some of the signal equipment was moved closer to the eastern coast of England to throw the Germans further off the trail.

The long, cool, clear English summer evenings were ideal for relaxing, but nothing was further from our minds. The very air was tense. We were trained and ready. We knew that the shifting of headquarters presaged action. We tried to relax and keep calm. It was not easy.

Late in the afternoon of 3 July, we got word that there would be a staff meeting of Section Chiefs of the Head-quarters at 1730 hours.{1} It was an unusual time for a staff meeting.

We assembled quietly. There was little of the usual talk as we waited for General Patton.

Exactly at the appointed time of 1730, General Patton strode quickly but quietly in and took his place before us. For just a moment his glance roved over the ranks of his staff, the men who would be carrying out and putting into effect his battle orders. Then he spoke;

Gentlemen, the moment for which we have all been working and training so long has at last arrived. To-morrow we go to war! I congratulate you. And I prophesy that your names and the name of the Third Army will go down in history—or they will go down in the records of the Graves Registration Bureau. Thank you. Good-night!

The Third Army was on the roll!

Chapter II — The Preparation and Build Up

CHURCHILL called Great Britain an Unsinkable Aircraft Carrier. So it proved to be during the Battle of Britain, but it proved to be even more of an Unsinkable Troop Carrier during 1942, 1943 and early 1944. It was the base at which the Allied forces were built up for the invasion of the continent, and from which the assault on fortress Europe was launched in June 1944 in conjunction with the Russian drive from the east, to topple the Nazi Empire.

Early in 1942, several thousand American combat troops went to North Ireland, prepared to help ward off any German invasion. In addition to these combat troops, ETOUSA (European Theater of Operations United States Army) Headquarters was set up in London to work with the British in planning the invasion, and the reception and supply of all American troops to be used in that theater. At a later date SHAEF (Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Forces) Headquarters was set up which was the overall planning and combat command of the Allied invasion forces. General Dwight D. Eisenhower was the Commander of ETOUSA and later also of SHAEF. In the latter headquarters there were approximately half British and half American officers. The section heads alternated, American and British, and under each one was a deputy of the opposite nationality.

General Eisenhower was an ideal choice for Supreme Commander. The great British field marshal, later Viceroy of India, Sir Archibald Wavell, once said: The statesman or politician, who has to persuade and confute, must keep an open and flexible mind, accustomed to criticism and argument; the mind of the soldier, who commands and obeys without question is apt to be fixed, drilled, and attached to definite rules—That each should understand the other better is essential for the conduct of modern war. General Eisenhower proved to be a diplomat and a statesman, as well as a soldier.

Under General Eisenhower, two plans were devised, both with code names. The first was called BOLERO— the concentration of troops, equipment and supplies in the United Kingdom (UK). The other was called OVERLORD—the plan for the invasion.

The actual crossing of the Channel, after the ships had been loaded, was called NEPTUNE. This was under the command of the British Admiralty. The other two were combined British and American army operations. All were, of course, under the Supreme Commander, General Eisenhower.

The combined forces in Great Britain for the invasion were approximately 650,000 U.S. combat forces; 425,000 U.S. service forces; and approximately 650,000 British and Canadian combat forces in addition to their service troops.

There were also some French, Polish and other Allied forces from various countries.

For purposes of administration, the UK was divided into several Base Sections or Commands and our Service Forces followed in general the British administrative organization. There was an Eastern Base, a Southern Base, and a Western Base Section. There was also a North Ireland Base Section, comprising the six counties of North Ireland; and then there was the Central Base Section, which took in only London and its suburbs.

Many installations in these Base Sections, such as ware-houses, camps, ordnance shops, hospitals, etc., were turned over completely to the Americans. Others were built by us. But many of the ports, such as Liverpool and Glasgow, were operated jointly. Some of the ports along the very southern coast of England, from which the invasion was to be launched, were kept strictly under the Admiralty. In fact some of the coast along the south, and some along the east and far in the north in Scotland, was forbidden territory, so secret were the activities going on there. Two of these secrets have been revealed as Operation MULBERRY, the famous floating docks that made it possible to supply the invasion forces, and Operation PLUTO, Pipeline Under The Ocean, which kept the Third Army supplied with fuel in their dash across Europe.

Large covered tanks were constructed on the Isle of Wight, just off the southern coast of England, in which enormous quantities of gasoline could be stored. They were connected by 5-inch pipes to the southern ports of England, where tankers docked and pumped the gasoline directly through the pipes to them.

From the Isle of Wight other pipes of the same size were laid on the floor of the Channel, extending across until they were close to the coast of France. After the invasion was successful and the port of Cherbourg was captured, the pipes were continued right up onto the land. Composition pipes, bolted together in sections, were then run along the surface of the ground and followed General Patton’s motorized columns as they dashed all over France. It was only the constant supply of tank and truck fuel brought by this means right up behind our lines that enabled us to travel so fast and so far.

In the build-up in England, one of the biggest problems was the housing of the million-odd American troops. In solving this problem we also worked closely with the British. They furnished the bulk of the accommodations, although some of the buildings were prefabricated ones brought from America and erected by our own Engineers. Our Engineers also built many complete air fields and roads. Most of the camps, hospitals, warehouses, etc., were either converted buildings which had been remodeled by the British or brand new camps erected by their Engineers. By the time all the American troops for the invasion had arrived, in addition to the Canadians and the British forces, every available building, new and old, was filled to capacity, many tent camps were in operation and thousands