Blender 3D 2.49 Incredible Machines

Table of Contents

Blender 3D 2.49 Incredible Machines

Credits

About the Author

About the Reviewers

Preface

What this book covers

What you need for this book

Who this book is for

Conventions

Reader feedback

Customer support

Errata

Piracy

Questions

1. Machinery Modeling and Visualization with Blender

Blender history

Working with Blender

Blender 3D, YafaRay, and GIMP

What is an Incredible Machine?

How the book is organized

Do I have to know Blender already?

How to know more about Blender 3D

Summary

2. Modeling a Handgun

Briefing and concept

Objectives

Why a hand weapon?

Parts of the model

Modeling workflow

Best modeling technique for this project

Effects and rendering

Summary

3. Polygon Modeling of the Weapon

Starting with a background image

Using subdivision to model

Modeling the hand wrap

Modeling the small and removable parts

Using hooks to place and align objects

Summary

4. Adding Details

Tools and techniques for detailing

Face normals

Adding the handgrip

Using the spin tool to close a model

Adding creases and rounded details

Summary

5. Rendering the Project with YafaRay

YafaRay renderer

Installing YafaRay

Creating a studio environment

Adding light to the scene

How YafaRay works

Setting lights in YafaRay

Adding materials to the weapon

Framing the weapon

Final render with YafaRay

Summary

6. Steampunk Spacecraft

Steampunk concept

Spacecraft concept

Project workflow

Building edges and planes for the spacecraft

Creating the first section of the spacecraft

Modeling the wing

Modeling the front

Summary

7. Working with Smaller Areas

Modeling the front of the spacecraft

Adding details to the wing

Modeling the engines

Creating the bottom of the spacecraft

Creating the weapons

Mirroring the spacecraft

Closing the cockpit

Detailing the fuselage

Modeling auxiliary engines

Adding cables and wires

Using curves

Twisting the cables

Adding the cables to the model

Summary

8. Advanced UV Mapping

UV mapping in Blender

What is UV mapping?

Using UV mapping in Blender

Using smart projections

UV test grid

Using the unwrap tool

Planning the unwrap

Controlling and editing the UV layout

Pinning and unpinning vertices

Live Unwrap Transform

Editing the UV

Exporting the layout

Editing the texture

Summary

9. Putting the Spacecraft to Fly and Shoot with Special Effects

Blender particles

How particles work

Creating particles

Adding speed and force fields

The rear engine

The guns

Summary

10. Rendering the Spacecraft with YafaRay

Environment setup in YafaRay—creating a physical sky

Single Color

Gradient

Texture

SunSky

DarkTide's SunSky

Materials and textures in YafaRay

Setting up a metal material

Creating the glass in the cockpit

Rendering the scene

Rendering a night view of the spacecraft

Summary

11. Transforming Robot

What is a transforming robot?

How big will the robot be?

Textures and materials

Rendering with LuxRender

Mixing modeling and animation

Modeling the object with poly modeling

Choosing a modeling technique

Modeling the legs

Modeling the main body

Modeling the head

Modeling the arms

Summary

12. Using Modifiers and Curves to Create Details for the Robot and Scene

Modifiers

Using the bevel modifier to chamfer the edges of the model

Using the array modifier to add rivets

Creating wires and cables with curves and hooks

Adding details to the robot

Modeling the scenario

Modeling the stands for the robots

Creating the storage boxes

Modeling lights

Summary

13. Making the Robot Look Metallic with Materials in LuxRender

Installing LuxRender

Using LuxBlend

Setting up materials for the robot

Adding textures to the ground of the scene

Summary

14. Adding Lights to the Scene and Rendering with LuxRender

Unbiased render engine—how it works

How to add light sources in LuxRender

Using objects as light sources

Light groups

Environment for rendering

Rendering the scene

Summary

15. It's Alive! Animating the Robot

Animation controls and hierarchies

Removing the hierarchy

Joints and pivots

Using empties as helper objects

Pivots without empties

Posing the robot

Using two robots for posing

Basic animation with the robot

Adding keyframes and movement

Animating objects

Erasing keyframes

Distributing the robots

Rendering and animating the lights

Summary

16. Post Production of the Robot

Using LuxRender for post production

Saving and resuming a render

Applying lens effects

Gaussian Bloom

Vignetting

C. Aberration

Glare

HDR Histogram

Noise reduction

Removing the noise in GIMP

Summary

Index

Blender 3D 2.49 Incredible Machines

Allan Brito

Blender 3D 2.49 Incredible Machines

Copyright © 2009 Packt Publishing

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embedded in critical articles or reviews.

Every effort has been made in the preparation of this book to ensure the accuracy of the information presented. However, the information contained in this book is sold without warranty, either express or implied. Neither the author, nor Packt Publishing, and its dealers and distributors will be held liable for any damages caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by this book.

Packt Publishing has endeavored to provide trademark information about all of the companies and products mentioned in this book by the appropriate use of capitals. However, Packt Publishing cannot guarantee the accuracy of this information.

First published: November 2009

Production Reference: 1121109

Published by Packt Publishing Ltd.

32 Lincoln Road

Olton

Birmingham, B27 6PA, UK.

ISBN 978-1-847197-46-7

www.packtpub.com

Cover Image by Vinayak Chittar (<[email protected]>)

Credits

Author

Allan Brito

Reviewers

Claudio malefico Andaur

Yorik van Havre

Acquisition Editor

David Barnes

Development Editor

Swapna V. Verlekar

Technical Editor

Aanchal Kumar

Indexer

Rekha Nair

Editorial Team Leader

Gagandeep Singh

Project Team Leader

Lata Basantani

Project Coordinator

Joel Goveya

Proofreader

Jade Schuler

Production Coordinator

Aparna Bhagat

Cover Work

Aparna Bhagat

About the Author

Allan Brito is a Brazilian architect specialized in information visualization. He lives and works in Recife, Brazil. He works with Blender 3D to produce animations and still images for visualization and instructional material. Besides his work with Blender as an artist, he also has a large experience in teaching and researching about 3D modeling, animation, and multimedia.

He is an active member of the community of Blender users, writing about Blender 3D and its development for websites in Brazilian Portuguese (http://www.allanbrito.com) and English (http://www.blendernation.com).

This is his third book on Blender 3D, the first one was Blender 3D—Guia do Usuário, which was published in Brazil. It's a guide on how to use Blender that covers everything from the basics to character animation. The second book, Blender 3D: Architecture, Buildings, and Scenery, covers the use of Blender for architectural visualization. It is written in English, and is published by Packt Publishing.

He can be reached at his website, http://www.blender3darchitect.com, where he covers the use of Blender 3D and other tools for architectural visualization.

I would like to thank my family for supporting me during the production of this book, especially my wife Érica, and my parents Maria and Luiz.

About the Reviewers

Claudio malefico Andaur is an argentine CG artist residing in Buenos Aires. He graduated as a Chemical Engineer from Universidad Tecnologica Nacional, Buenos Aires, Argentina in 1998.

He started working with Blender and open source applications in 2000. He was increasingly involved in Blender animation projects mainly for television shows. In 2003, he was part of the team who wrote the Blender 2.3 Official Guide. In 2005, he quit his regular job as an engineer and started working as one of the project leaders of Plumiferos, a CG feature film project made in Blender. In his blog (www.malefico3d.org), he likes to write about character animation, rigging, and personal projects. In 2008, he started his own animation studio called Licuadora Studio (www.licuadorastudio.com).

Claudio, better known as malefico in the Blender community, has given lectures and classes in Argentina, Venezuela, Colombia, Belgium, and Spain, as well as the Blender Conference in Amsterdam, The Netherlands on several occasions.

I'd like to thank my wife Laura for her constant support and patience, and my fellow Licuadores: Ivan, Manuel, and Diego.

Yorik van Havre is a Belgian architect who currently lives and works in Brazil. Blender occupies a big portion of his daily work. He regularly writes articles and tutorials about Blender, architecture, and architecture software, and is actively involved in several communities and open source projects. He has also reviewed Allan's previous book, Blender 3D: Architecture, Buildings, and Scenery. More about Yorik's work can be found at his website: http://yorik.orgfree.com.

Preface

Blender 3D provides all the features that you need for creating super-realistic 3D models of machines for use in artwork, movies, and computer games. Blender 3D 2.49 Incredible Machines gives you step-by-step instructions for building weapons, vehicles, robots, and more.

This book will show you how to use Blender 3D for mechanical modeling and product visualization. Through the pages of the book, you will find a step-by-step guide to create three different projects: a fantasy weapon, a spacecraft, and a giant robot. Even though these machines are not realistic, you will be able to build your own sensible and incredible machines with the techniques that you will learn in this book along with the exercises and examples.

All three sections of this book, which cover three projects, are planned to have an increasing learning curve. The first project is about a hand weapon, where we will model a small-sized object with tiny details. This first part of the book will show you how to deal with these details and model them in Blender 3D.

In the second project, we will create a spacecraft, adding a bit of scale to the project, as well as new materials and textures. With this project, we will be working with metal, glass, and other elements that make the spacecraft.

At the end, we have a big and complex object, which is a transforming robot. This last part of the book will cover the modeling of two objects and show how you can make one transform into the other. The scale and number of objects in this project are quite big, but the same principles, as in the other projects, are applied here with a step-by-step guide on how to go through the workflow of the project.

What this book covers

Chapter 1: Machinery Modeling and Visualization with Blender introduces us to a few concepts and relevant information about this book and, of course, talks a bit about this incredible software called Blender 3D, and how we can take advantage of all of the tools of Blender. It gives a brief description of its history and also explains us the concept of an Incredible Machine.

Chapter 2: Modeling a Handgun gets us started with working on the first of the three projects of this book—modeling of a handgun. It explains why a handgun was chosen for our first project, what the final image of the project will look like, our modeling workflow, and the modeling technique that will be used to work on this project.

Chapter 3: Polygon Modeling of the Weapon guides you through the first steps of the modeling by using concept drawings to create a base model in Blender. The base model is very important to add details and upgrade the first flat surfaces into something more complex. This chapter tells us how to set up and configure a background image, and how to model and transform a mesh by using the background image as a guide. It also demonstrates the use of various tools such as Edge Loop tool, Face Loop Cut tool, and 3D Cursor as a tool.

Chapter 4: Adding Details adds a few more details to the model created in the previous chapter. It teaches us to create creases, and use the new snapping tools and others such as the Spin tool and Bevel tool.

Chapter 5: Rendering the Project with YafaRay winds up the weapon project with the setup of textures and materials for the model, and the installation and setup of an external render engine for Blender 3D. The render engine for this project is YafaRay, which allows us to use advanced global illumination features not available in the Blender internal render. This chapter describes how to install and use the renderer to use it in more detail with the next project.

Chapter 6: Steampunk Spacecraft describes what steampunk is and what the characteristics of a steampunk machine are. It initializes the creation of a steampunk spacecraft with even smaller details and more UV Mapping techniques to add more realism to the model. It creates a base mesh for the spacecraft and also gives us an experience in edge modeling, deforming, and adjusting the shape of a model to get the shape of the desired object.

Chapter 7: Working with Smaller Areas adds more details and parts to the base model created in the previous chapter. It teaches us how to use the Spin tool to create rounded bevels, how to work with curves and the different curves of Blender, how to create cables and wires with curves, and how to twist curves.

Chapter 8: Advanced UV Mapping will teach us how to add a few extra details with textures, which can be a great help in any modeling project. One of the advantages of using a great set of textures to create details is the ability to use images instead of models to create geometry.

Chapter 9: Putting the Spacecraft to Fly and Shoot with Special Effects uses some special effects to put our spacecraft in outer space and even make both weapons shoot! All these effects are created with a mix of particles and materials that generate the effects in a very short time. Both techniques and tools help a lot in this project, and can be used in other 3D modeling and rendering projects as well. It adds even more elements and visual aids to our project in order to bring more realism to the scene.

Chapter 10: Rendering the Spacecraft with YafaRay teaches us a bit more about YafaRay and renders our spacecraft project with it to achieve a photo-real effect from the lighting and materials. It demonstrates the spacecraft flying at both daylight and night environments. Along with the rendering process of YafaRay, it also teaches how to set up the environment settings, render methods, and materials of YafaRay.

Chapter 11: Transforming Robot initializes the work on the last Incredible Machine—a transforming robot. It is the most complex and difficult project of the three and, as you can imagine, it is about a robot that can transform its shape into something else. This chapter creates the base model of the robot, and tells us the differences between poly and subdivision modeling. It also describes what LuxRender is.

Chapter 12: Using Modifiers and Curves to Create Details for the Robot and Scene continues the modeling process by using some modifiers and curves turned into 3D meshes in order to add more details to the overall model. Along with the robot, its starts the creation of the scenario used to create the robot in LuxRender, using a few tricks and special materials to give it sci-fi look. It teaches us how to work with the bevel, array, and simple deform modifiers and how to deform curves by using hooks.

Chapter 13: Making the Robot Look Metallic with Materials in LuxRender assembles all parts into the robot model and adds materials to the model in LuxRender. This chapter teaches us how to install LuxRender and export our scenes to the renderer, how to set up the basic parameters of LuxRender materials, how to choose from several preset materials of LuxRender, and how to add textures to 3D models in order for LuxRender to recognize the material.

Chapter 14: Adding Lights to the Scene and Rendering with LuxRender is the next step in the creation of our third Incredible Machine project. It explains us the working of lights and effects, and makes the light interact