The American Journal of Archaeology, 1893-1

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Title: The American Journal of Archaeology, 1893-1

Author: Various

Editor: The American Journal of Archaeology

Release Date: December 20, 2006 [EBook #20153]

Language: English

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VOLUME VIII

1893

PRINCETON: THE BUSINESS MANAGER

LONDON: TRÜBNER & CO. PARIS: E. LEROUX

TURIN, FLORENCE and ROME: E. LOESCHER

LEIPZIG: KARL W. HIERSEMANN.

EDITORS.

Managing Editor: Prof. A.L. FROTHINGHAM, Jr., of Princeton University, Princeton, N.J.

Literary Editor: Prof. H.N. FOWLER, of Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.

Editorial Committee on behalf of the Archæological Institute: Prof. A.C. MERRIAM, of Columbia College; Mr. T.W. LUDLOW, of Yonkers, N.Y.

Publication Committee for the Papers of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens: Prof. A.C. MERRIAM, of Columbia College; Mr. T.W. LUDLOW, of Yonkers, N.Y.

Business Manager: Prof. ALLAN MARQUAND, of Princeton University, Princeton, N.J.

All literary contributions should be addressed to the Managing Editor; all business communications to the Business Manager.

CONTRIBUTORS.

The following are among the contributors to past volumes:

M.E. BABELON, Conservateur an Cabinet des Médailles, National Library, Paris.

Prof. W.N. BATES, of Harvard University, Cambridge.

Mr. SAMUEL BESWICK, Hollidaysburg, Pa.

Mr. CARLETON L. BROWNSON, of Yale University, New Haven.

Prof. CARL D. BUCK, of University of Chicago, Ill.

Dr. A.A. CARUANA, Librarian and Director of Education, Malta.

Mr. JOSEPH T. CLARKE, Harrow, England.

Dr. NICHOLAS E. CROSBY, Princeton University.

Mr. HERBERT F. DE COU.

Dr. WILHELM DÖRPFELD, Secretary German Archæological Institute, Athens.

M. ÉMILE DUVAL, Director of the Musée Fol, Geneva.

Dr. M.L. EARLE, of Barnard College, New York.

Prof. ALFRED EMERSON, of Cornell University.

Mr. ANDREW FOSSUM, of St. Olaf College, Northfield, Mass.

Prof. HAROLD N. FOWLER, of Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.

Prof. A.L. FROTHINGHAM, Jr., of Princeton University.

Dr. A. FURTWÄNGLER, Professor of Archæology in the University of Berlin.

Mr. ERNEST A. GARDNER, Director of the British School of Archæology, Athens.

Padre GERMANO DI S. STANISLAO, Passionista, Rome.

Mr. WM. H. GOODYEAR, Curator, Brooklyn Institute.

Prof. W. HELBIG, former Secretary of the German Archæological Institute, Rome.

Prof. GUSTAV HIRSCHFELD, of Königsberg, Prussia.

Dr. GEO. B. HUSSEY, of University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Neb.

Dr. ALBERT L. LONG, of Robert College, Constantinople.

Prof. ALLAN MARQUAND, of Princeton University.

Comte de MARSY, Director of the Soc. Franc. d'Archéologie, Bulletin Monumental, etc.

Prof. ORAZIO MARUCCHI, member of Archæol. Commission of Rome, etc.

Prof. A.C. MERRIAM, of Columbia College.

Prof. G. MASPERO, former Director of Antiq., Egypt; Prof. at Collège de France, Paris.

M. JOACHIM MENANT, of Rouen, France.

Mr. WILLIAM MERCER, of Gainsborough, England.

Prof. ADOLPH MICHAELIS, of the University of Strassburg.

Prof. WALTER MILLER, of Leland Stanford, Jr., University, Palo Alto, Cal.

Prof. THEODOR MOMMSEN, Berlin.

M. EUGÈNE MÜNTZ, Librarian and Conservateur of the École des Beaux-Arts, Paris.

A.S. MURRAY, Keeper of Greek and Roman Antiquities, British Museum.

Prof. CHARLES E. NORTON, of Harvard University, Cambridge.

Rev. JOHN P. PETERS, Director of the Babylonian Expedition, New York City.

Mr. JOHN PICKARD, Professor in the University of Missouri, Columbia, Mo.

Mr. THEO. J. PINCHES, of the British Museum, London.

Prof. WM. C. POLAND, of Brown University, Providence, R.I.

Mr. W.M. RAMSAY, Professor in the University of Aberdeen.

Dr. FRANZ V. REBER, Professor in the University and Polytechnic of Munich, etc.

M. SALOMON REINACH, Conservateur of the Musée National de St. Germain.

Prof. RUFUS B. RICHARDSON, of Dartmouth College, Hanover.

Prof. JOHN C. ROLFE, of University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.

Dr. TH. SCHREIBER, Prof. of Archæol. in the Univ., and Director of Museum, Leipzig.

Mr. ROBERT SEWELL, Madras Civil Service, F.R.G.S., M.R.A.S.

Mrs. CORNELIUS STEVENSON, Curator Museum University of Pa., Philadelphia.

Prof. FRANK B. TARBELL, of University of Chicago, Ill.

Mr. S.B.P. TROWBRIDGE, of New York.

Dr. CHARLES WALDSTEIN, of Cambridge University, England.

Dr. WM. HAYES WARD, President Am. Oriental Society, and Ed. Independent, N.Y.

Mr. HENRY S. WASHINGTON.

Prof. J.R. WHEELER, University of Vermont, Burlington.

Dr. PAUL WOLTERS, Secretary of the German Archæological Institute at Athens.

Hon. JOHN WORTHINGTON, U.S. Consul at Malta.

Prof. J.H. WRIGHT, of Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.

The Director and Members of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens.

PROGRAM.

The JOURNAL treats of the various branches of archæology and art history--Oriental, Classic, Christian and Early Renaissance. Its original articles are predominantly classic on account of the fact that it has become the official organ of the ARCHÆOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF AMERICA and of the AMERICAN SCHOOL OF CLASSICAL STUDIES AT ATHENS, and the JOURNAL will aim to further the interests for which the Institute and the School were founded. In it are published the reports on all the excavations undertaken in Greece and elsewhere by the Institute and the School, and the studies carried on independently by the Directors and members of the School. By decision of the Council of the Archæological Institute the JOURNAL has been distributed during 1893 to all members of the Institute, and the same distribution will be made during 1894.

Beside articles the JOURNAL contains CORRESPONDENCE, BOOK NOTICES AND REVIEWS AND ARCHÆOLOGICAL NEWS. It is its aim to give notices of all important publications recently issued, sometimes written expressly for the JOURNAL, sometimes summarized from authorized reviews in other publications.

The department in which the JOURNAL stands quite alone is the RECORD OF DISCOVERIES AND INVESTIGATIONS. While all periods and all countries are represented, special attention is given to Egypt, Greece and Italy. Not merely are the results of actual excavations chronicled, but everything in the way of novel views and investigations as expressed in books and periodicals is noted. In order to secure thoroughness, more than one hundred periodicals are consulted and utilized. By these various methods, all important work is concentrated and made accessible in a convenient but scholarly form, equally suited to the specialist and to the general reader.

It has been the aim of the editors that the JOURNAL, besides giving a survey of the whole field of archæology, should be international in character. Its success in this attempt is shown by the many noted European writers whose contributions have appeared in its pages during the past eight years. Such are: MM. Babelon, de Marsy, Maspero, Menant, Müntz and Reinach for France: MM. Dörpfeld, Furtwängler, Hirschfeld, Michaelis, Mommsen, Schreiber and Wolters for Germany; MM. Gardner, Murray, Pinches and Ramsay for England, etc.

The JOURNAL is published quarterly and forms, each year, a volume of between 500 and 600 pages royal 8vo, illustrated with colored, heliotype, phototype, half-tone and other plates and numerous figures. The yearly subscription is $5.00 for America; and for countries of the Postal Union, 27 francs, 21 shillings or marks, post-paid.

Vol. I, containing 489 pages, 11 plates and 16 figures; Vol. II, containing 521 pages; 14 plates and 46 figures; Vol. III, containing 531 pages, 33 plates and 19 figures; Vol. IV, containing 550 pages, 20 plates and 19 figures; Vol. V, containing 534 pages, 13 plates and 55 figures; Vol. VI, containing 612 pages, 23 plates and 23 figures; Vol. VII, containing 578 pages; 26 plates and 8 figures; Vol. VIII, containing 631 pages, 18 plates and 26 figures--will be sent bound for $5.50, unbound for $5.00.

Vol. I has lately been out of print, but will be reprinted shortly in view of the increasing demand for back volumes; all who desire to complete their sets should send in their application.

CONTENTS OF VOLUME VIII, 1893.

No. 1. JANUARY--MARCH.

PAGE.

I.--THE TEMPLE OF THE ACROPOLIS BURNT BY THE PERSIANS,

1

By HAROLD N. FOWLER,

II.--NOTES ON THE SUBJECTS OF GREEK TEMPLE-SCULPTURES,

18

By F.B. TARBELL and W.N. BATES,

III.--PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN SCHOOL OF CLASSICAL STUDIES AT ATHENS.

I.--THE RELATION OF THE ARCHAIC PEDIMENT RELIEFS FROM

THE ACROPOLIS TO VASE-PAINTING,

28

By CARLETON L. BROWNSON,

II.--THE FRIEZE OF THE CHORAGIC MONUMENT OF LYSIKRATES

AT ATHENS,

42

By HERBERT F. DE COU,

56

III.--DIONYSUS εν Λίμναις, By JOHN PICKARD,

CORRESPONDENCE.

83

Hunting della Rabbia Monuments in Italy, By ALLAN MARQUAND,

REVIEWS AND NOTICES OF BOOKS.

87

M. COLLIGNON, Histoire de la Sculpture Grecque, By A.M.

89

HEINRICH BRUNN, Griechische Götterideale, By A.M.

ARCHÆOLOGICAL NEWS.

AFRICA (Egypt, Ethiopia, Algeria and Tunisia); ASIA (Hindustan,

Thibet, China, Central Asia, Arabia, Babylonia, Persia, Syria,

91

Armenia, Caucasus, Asia Minor), By A.L. FROTHINGHAM, Jr.,

No. 2. APRIL--JUNE.

I.--SOME UNPUBLISHED MONUMENTS BY LUCA DELLA ROBBIA,

153

By ALLAN MARQUAND,

171

II.--EGYPTIAN CHRONOLOGY, By SAMUEL BESWICK,

III.--A SERIES OF CYPRIOTE HEADS IN THE METROPOLITAN MUSEUM,

184

By A.C. MERRIAM,

IV.--A TABLET REFERRING TO DUES PAID TO THE TEMPLE OF THE

SUN AT SIPPARA,

190

By THEO. G. PINCHES,

V.--A SEPULCHRAL INSCRIPTION FROM ATHENS,

191

By WM. CAREY POLAND,

VI.--PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN SCHOOL OF CLASSICAL STUDIES AT ATHENS.

I.--SOME SCULPTURES FROM THE ARGIVE HERAEUM (reprinted),

199

By CH. WALDSTEIN,

II.--EXCAVATIONS AT THE HERAEUM OF ARGOS,

206

By CARLETON L. BROWNSON,

CORRESPONDENCE.

226

MONTEFALCO IN UMBRIA, By WM. MERCER,

230

LETTERS FROM GREECE, By F.B. TARBELL,

REVIEWS AND NOTICES OF BOOKS.

239

ORIENTAL ARCHÆOLOGY,

246

CLASSICAL ARCHÆOLOGY,

ARCHÆOLOGICAL NEWS.

AFRICA (Egypt, Central Africa, Algeria); ASIA (China, Cambodia, Asia

Minor); EUROPE (Greece, Italy, Sicily, France, Spain),

251

By A.L. FROTHINGHAM, Jr.,

No. 3. JULY-SEPTEMBER.

325

I.--NOTES OF EASTERN TRAVEL, By JOHN P. PETERS,

335

II.--THE TOPOGRAPHY OF SPARTA, By NICHOLAS E. CROSBY,

III.--THE NEATHERD IN THE ART OF THE MYCENÆAN PERIOD,

374

By GEORGE B. HUSSEY,

381

IV.--FASTIGIUM IN PLINY, N.H. XXXV, 152, By HAROLD N. FOWLER,

V.--PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN SCHOOL OF CLASSICAL STUDIES AT

ATHENS.

I.--EXCAVATIONS IN THE THEATRE AT SICYON IN 1891,

388

By M.L. EARLE,

II.--FURTHER EXCAVATIONS AT THE THEATRE OF SICYON IN 1891,

397

By C.L. BROWNSON and C.H. YOUNG,

III.--REPORT ON EXCAVATIONS AT SPARTA IN 1893,

429

By CH. WALDSTEIN and Z.M. PATON,

VI.--NOTES ON ROMAN ARTISTS OF THE MIDDLE AGES. IV. THE CLOISTER

437

OF THE LATERAN BASILICA, By A.L. FROTHINGHAM, Jr.,

448

VII.--SOME INSCRIPTIONS FROM THE ORIENT, By A.C. MERRIAM,

REVIEWS AND NOTICES OF BOOKS.

456

CLASSICAL ARCHÆOLOGY,

461

CHRISTIAN ARCHÆOLOGY,

465

RENAISSANCE,

No. 4. OCTOBER-DECEMBER.

473

I.--A HISTORY OF THE AKROPOLIS AT ATHENS, By WALTER MlLLER,

ARCHÆOLOGICAL NEWS.

AFRICA (Egypt, Algeria, Tunisia); ASIA (Hindustan, Thibet, China,

Central Asia, Western Asia, Babylonia, Assyria, Syria, Phœnicia,

557

Palestine); EUROPE (Italy), By A.L. FROTHINGHAM, Jr.,

ALPHABETICAL TABLE.

AMERICAN SCHOOL OF CLASSICAL STUDIES AT ATHENS, PAPERS OF:

Page

28

I. The relation of the archaic pediment reliefs from the Akropolis to

vase painting,

42

II. The frieze of the choragic monument of Lysikrates at Athens,

56

III. Dionysus έν Λίμναις.

191

IV. A Sepulchral inscription from Athens,

199

V. Some Sculptures from the Argive Heræum,

205

VI. Excavations at the Heræum of Argos,

388

VII. Excavations in the Theatre at Sicyon in 1891,

397

VIII. Further Excavations at the Theatre of Sicyon in 1891,

410

IX. Report on Excavations at Sparta in 1893,

429

X. Report on Excavations between Schenochori and Koutzopodi,

Argolis, in 1893,

ARCHÆOLOGICAL NEWS :

586

Abyssinia,

254, 586

Africa (Central),

113, 255, 588

Algeria,

131, 602

Arabia,

146

Armenia,

128

Asia (Central),

604

Asia (Western),

147,256

Asia Minor,

609

Assyria,

181, 606

Babylonia,

256

Cambodia,

146

Caucasus,

127, 256, 600

China,

270

Crete,

91, 253, 557

Egypt,

111

Ethiopia,

309

France,

257

Greece,

118, 589

Hindustan,

272, 620

Italy,

601

Mongolia,

614

Palestine,

134

Persia,

293

Sicily,

140, 610

Syria,

127, 598

Thibet,

114, 588

Tunisia,

18

BATES (W.N., and F.B. Tarbell). Notes on the subjects of Greek Temple

Sculptures,

171

BESWICK (Samuel). Egyptian Chronology,

BROWNSON (Carleton L.). The relation of the archaic pediment reliefs

28

from the Akropolis to vase-painting,

205

Excavations at the Heræum of Argos,

397

(and C.H. Young). Further Excavations at the Theatre of Sicyon in 1891,

335

CROSBY (Nicholas E.). The Topography of Sparta,

DE COU (Herbert F.). The frieze of the Choragic monument of Lysikrates

42

at Athens,

388

EARLE (M.L.). Excavations in the Theatre at Sicyon in 1891,

381

FOWLER (Harold N.). The temple of the Akropolis burnt by the Persians,

Fastigium in Pliny, N.H. XXXV, 152.

1

Reviews and Notices of Books:

History of Art in Phrygia, Lydia, Caria and Lycia, by Perrot and

239

Chipiez; and History of Art in Persia, by the same,

249

Excursions in Greece to recently explored sites, etc., by Charles Diehl,

FROTHINGHAM (A.L., Jr.). Notes on the Roman Artists of the Middle

437

Ages, IV. The Cloister of the Lateran Basilica,

91, 251, 559

Archæological News,

MARQUAND (Allan). Some unpublished monuments by Luca della Robbia,

153

Correspondence:

83

Hunting Della Robbia monuments in Italy,

Reviews and Notices of Books;

87

Histoire de la Sculpture Grecque, by Max Collignon,

89

Griechische Götterideale, by Heinrich Brunn,

410

MEADER (C.L. and Ch. Waldstein). Report on Excavations at Sparta in 1893,

226

MERCER (William). Correspondence: Montefalco in Umbria,

184

MERRIAM (A.C.). A series of Cypriote heads in the Metropolitan Museum,

448

Some inscriptions from the Orient,

473

MILLER (Walter). A History of the Akropolis of Athens,

PATON, (J.M. and Ch. Waldstein). Report on Excavations between

429

Schenochori and Koutzopodi, Argolis, in 1893,

325

PETERS (John P.). Notes of Eastern Travel,

56

PICKARD (John). Dionysus εν Λίμναις,

191

POLAND (Wm. Carey). A Sepulchral inscription from Athens,

TARBELL (Frank B. and W.N. Bates). Notes on the subjects of Greek Temple

18

Sculptures,

Correspondence:

230

Letters from Greece,

199

WALDSTEIN (Charles). Some Sculptures from the Argive Heræum (reprinted),

YOUNG (C.H. and C.L. Brownson). Further Excavations at the Theatre of

397

Sicyon in 1891,

PLATES.

Pages in text.

I.--The Typhon Pediment of the Akropolis, 28-41

II-III.--The frieze of the Choragic Monument of Lysikrates, 42-55

IV.--Terracotta Medallions of Or San Michele, by Luca della Robbia,|

V.-- |

VI.--Altar of the Holy Cross, Impruneta, |- 153-170

VII.--Altar of the Madonna, " |

VIII.--Crucifixion Relief, " |

IX.--Head of Hera, from the Argive Heræum, |

X.--Metope, " |- 199-225

XI.--Heads and Sima, " |

XII.--Map of the Excavations at the Argive Heneum,|

XIII.--Hyponomos and Stage of the Theatre, Sicyon, 388-409

XIV.--Cloister of S. John Lateran, Rome, 437-447

XV.--Plan of the Akropolis at Athens, |

XVI.--Sections of the Akropolis Excavations,|- 473-556

XVII.--Herakles and the Old Man of the Sea, |

XVIII.--Figure of Athena from a pediment, |

FIGURES.

Bull on a Babylonian contract tablet, 190

Fac-simile of Sepulchral inscription from Athens, 192

General Sketch-plan of Sparta, 338

Sketch-plan of the Agora, Sparta, 341

Street called Apheta, Sparta, 345

Skias Street, Sparta, 349

Western part of Sparta, 354

Road from Booneta to Limnaion, Sparta, 365

Akropolis, Sparta, 368

Bull in a fresco at Tiryns, 374

Bull from tomb at Gizeh, Egypt, 376

Bull from Presse d'Avennes, 376

Egyptian vintage scene, Gizeh, 377

Bull on Vaphio Cup, 378

Hyponomos in the theatre at Sicyon, plans and sections, 389

End of conduit, etc., in theatre, Sicyon, 394

Two stone blocks, theatre, Sicyon, 406

Section of wall AA, Sicyon, 308

Plan of circular building, Sparta, 411

Section through wall, Sparta, 415

Enlarged plan of poros blocks, Sparta, 418

Some poros blocks in detail, Sparta, 420

View of walls, Sparta, 426

Plan of Excavations between Schenochori and Kontzopodi, 430

The Pelargikon restored, 489

The serpent (Echidna) in the poros pediment, Akropolis, Athens, 497

COPYRIGHT, 1893, BY A.L. FROTHINGHAM, JR., AND ALLAN MARQUAND.

PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS.

THE TEMPLE ON THE ACROPOLIS BURNT BY

THE PERSIANS.

The excavations conducted by the Greek Archæological Society at Athens from 1883 to 1889 have laid bare the entire surface of the Acropolis, and shed an unexpected light upon the early history of Attic art. Many questions which once seemed unanswerable are now definitively answered, and, on the other hand, many new questions have been raised. When, in 1886, Kabbadias and Dörpfeld unearthed the foundations of a great temple close by the southern side of the Erechtheion, all questions concerning the exact site, the ground-plan, and the elevation of the great temple of Athena of the sixth century B.C. were decided once for all. ¹ On these points little or nothing can be added to what has been done, and Dörpfeld's results must be accepted as final and certain.

Footote 1:(return) DÖRPFELD, Preliminary Report, Mitth. Ath., X, p. 275; Plans and restorations, Antike Denkmäler, I, pls. 1, 2; Description and discussion, Mitth. Ath., XI, p. 337.

The history of the temple presents, however, several questions, some of which seem still undecided. When was the temple built? Was it all built at one time? Was it restored after its destruction by the Persians? Did it continue in use after the erection of the Parthenon? Was it in existence in the days of Pausanias? Did Pausanias mention it in his description of the Acropolis? Conflicting answers to nearly all of these questions have appeared since the discovery of the temple. Only the first question has received one and the same answer from all. The material and the technical execution of the peripteros, entablature, etc., of the temple show conclusively that this part, at least, was erected in the time of Peisistratos. ² We may therefore accept so much without further discussion. Of the walls of the cella and opisthodomos nothing remains, but the foundations of this part are made of the hard blue limestone of the Acropolis, while the foundations of the outer part are of reddish-gray limestone from the Peiraieus. The foundations of the cella are also less accurately laid than those of the peripteros. These differences lead Dörpfeld to assume that the naos itself (the building contained within the peristyle) existed before the time of Peisistratos, although he does not deny the possibility that builders of one date may have employed different materials and methods, as convenience or economy dictated. ³ Positive proof is not to be hoped for in the absence of the upper walls of the naos, but probability is in favor of Dörpfeld's assumption, that the naos is older than the peristyle, etc. ⁴ It is further certain, that this temple was called in the sixth century Β.C. το 'Εκατόμπεδον (see below p. 9). So far, we have the most positive possible evidence--that of the remains of the temple itself and the inscription giving its name. The evidence regarding the subsequent history of the temple is not so simple.

Footnote 2:(return) DÖRPFELD, Mitth. Ath., XI, p. 349.

Footnote 3:(return) Mitth. Ath., XI, p. 345.

Footnote 4:(return) On the other hand, see PETERSEN, Mitth. Ath., XII, p. 66.

Dörpfeld (Mitth. Ath., XII, p. 25 ff.) arrives at the following conclusions: (1) The temple was restored after the departure of the Persians; (2) it was injured by fire B.C. 406; (3) it was repaired and continued in use; (4) it was seen and described by Pausanias I. 24.3 in a lost passage. Let us take up these points in inverse order. The passage of Pausanias reads in our texts:--Λέλκται δέ μοι καί πρότρον (17.1), ώς Άθηναίοις περισσότερόν τι ή τοις άλλοις ές τα θειά εστι σπουδης· πρώτοι μεν γαρ Άθηνάν έπωνόμασαν Έργάνην, πρωτοι δ'