Seven Steps to Help Your Child Worry Less: A Family Guide
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Seven Steps to Help Your Child Worry Less - Kristy Hagar
Copyright© 2002 Sam Goldstein, Ph.D., Kristy S. Hagar, Ph.D. and Robert Brooks, Ph.D.
Reprinted 2011
All rights reserved.
No part of this book, except those portions specifically noted, may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means now known or to be invented, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the author, except for brief quotations. Requests for permission or further information should be addressed to the publisher.
ISBN 1-886941-46-7 ISBN-13 978-1886941465
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Goldstein, Sam, 1952-
Seven steps to help your child worry less : a family guide/Sam Goldstein, Kristy S. Hagar, Robert Brooks; illustrated by Richard A. DiMatteo.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 1-886941-46-7 (alk. paper)
1. Worry in children. 2. Fear in children. 3. Anxiety in children. 4. Child rearing. I. Hagar, Kristy S., 1966- II. Brooks, Robert B. III. Title.
BF723.W67 .G65 2002
649’.6--dc21
2002075463
Cover design by Kall Graphics
Illustrations by Richard A. DiMatteo
Copyedited by Julia L. Parker
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Printed in the United States of America
Specialty Press, Inc. 300 Northwest 70th Ave., Suite 102
Plantation, Florida 33317
(954) 792-8100 • (800) 233-9273
www.addwarehouse.com
And when he came to the place where the wild things are
they roared their terrible roars and gnashed their terrible teeth
and rolled their terrible eyes and showed their terrible claws
till Max said BE STILL!
and tamed them with the magic trick
of staring into all their yellow eyes without blinking.
Maurice Sendak
Where the Wild Things Are
Dedication
For Janet, Allyson, and Ryan
S.G.
For Chuck and Rachel
K.H.
With love to Marilyn, Rich and Cybèle, and Doug and Suzanne
R.B.
Thanks to Kathleen Gardner for her editorial support and Harvey C. Parker for appreciating our ideas.
S.G.
K.H.
R.B.
FOREWORD
Worry is an alarm signal that goes off in our brains. When it sounds appropriately, it serves us well, but when it goes off when it shouldn’t, it makes us miserable. It impedes our progress, leads to underachievement, and causes us to make mistakes. It can make us physically ill. I call this kind of worry toxic worry,
and it is a growing public health problem in the United States today. Toxic worry blights lives. It can infest your mind when you are just a child and can grow to monstrous proportions by the time you are an adult. Millions of otherwise healthy American adults suffer immense damage from chronic, toxic worry.
For most of human history people believed that the only treatment
for toxic worry was to endure it, that it was simply part of the human condition, the price we humans had to pay for having an imagination. Indeed, the great 18th Century essayist and student of the mind, Samuel Johnson, called excessive worry a disease of the imagination.
Now, however, as we are beginning to better understand how the brain works, we are devising effective remedies for dealing with toxic mental states, including depression, worry, mania and even psychosis. Indeed, one of the greatest achievements of the past fifty years has been the remarkable progress science has made both in understanding the biology of the mind and in offering safe and effective treatments for its toxic states.
One area of utmost concern is children. Unfortunately, toxic worry is common in children these days. For parents, teachers, and all others who care about children, it would be a godsend if we could have a reliable guide to help us help children learn to manage worry before it becomes toxic, keeping worry in the normal zone. Not only would this help children at a young age, but it would also dramatically reduce the likelihood of their suffering from severely disabling worry as adults. The sooner one learns positive mental habits, the more likely these will endure throughout life. The authors of this book have done a spectacular job in composing such a guide. It will help all who care about children help them deal with worry in such a way that it does not impair their lives now or when they become adults.
It is just as important that children learn to deal with worry and other toxic states of mind as it is that they learn to read or do math. It takes great expertise to teach these emotional skills; Goldstein, Hagar, and Brooks have succeeded brilliantly. As you read this book, and learn about the power of optimism, as well as its teachability, and you learn of the force of resilience, as well as its learnability, I hope you marvel, as I did, of the progress we are making, as a society, in child-rearing. Isn’t it wonderful that we parents now have access to a book such as this one that enables us to address systematically and effectively a common emotional problem like toxic worry? For centuries, if a child worried excessively his diagnosis
was that he was weak. And the treatment
was to ridicule him in the hope that he would toughen up, or punish him, in the hope he would at least stay silent in his suffering.
Now, thank goodness, we can offer diagnoses based upon genetics and physiology, rather than on misleading ideas about moral fiber; and we can offer treatments that actually help, rather than make the sufferer feel and do worse. From that standpoint, it is a much better day to be a child—or an adult—than it ever has been.
As you read this book, not only do I hope you will learn and put into practice the superb techniques the authors offer, I also hope you will take pride in where we’ve come, and be glad that, at last, we are learning not to regard emotional pain as a sign of moral weakness.
Indeed, worriers—the audience this book addresses—are some of the bravest among us. They stare into a frightening furnace in their imaginations every day. They are also among the most creative and intelligent among us; after all, it takes a lot of creativity and intelligence to conjure up all those worries. But they need relief from unnecessary suffering, relief which this book beautifully provides. They can then take the mental energy they have freed up from worrying and put it into leading happier, more fulfilling lives. We have come a long way indeed.
Edward M. Hallowell, M.D.
Boston, Massachusetts
May 2002
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction
Seven Steps to Help Your Child Worry Less
A Walk Down Bonneville Street
Worry: A Common Problem
Seven Steps to Help Your Child Worry Less
Tips for Health Care Professionals and Educators
Track Your Progress
Summary
Step 1
Why Do Children Worry?
What is Worry?
What is Fear?
When Does Worry Become Anxiety?
Types of Anxiety
Causes of Worry, Fear, and Anxiety
Summary
Step 2
When Your Child Needs Help
When Do Worry and Fear Become Anxiety?
Deterimining How Much Your Child’s Anxiety Interferes with Everyday Life
Seeking Professional Help?
Deciding Upon a Plan
Targeting-the-Worry Questionnaire
Summary
Step 3
Geting Started: Helping Your Child Become an Active
Participant in the Process
Nurturing an Optimistic Mindset
Be Empathic
Destigmatizing and Demystifying Worry and Anxiety
Teaching Your Child about Thoughts, Feelings, and Behaviors
Setting up a Worry Scale and a Worry Thermometer
Developing Strategies with Your Child
Changing Negative Scripts and Mindsets
Summary
Step 4
Strategies to Reduce Anxiety
Breathing Techniques
Relaxation
Guided Imagery
Self-talk and Mental Distraction
Debriefing
Desensitization
Summary
Step 5
Developing a Plan and Putting it Into Action
Writing a Worry-Less Plan
Dealing with a Worry Wart
Making a Plan for Children with Obsessive-Compulsive Worry
Enlisting Siiblings’ Participation
Addressing the Child’s Worries with Others
Summary
Step 6
Keeping the Plan in Place:
Common Problems and How to Solve Them
Becoming Inpatient
Too Much Reassurance
Making Excuses and Permitting Avoidance
Being Too Directive
Becoming Frustrated and Angry
Not Knowing When More is Needed
Summary
Step 7
Instilling a Resilient Mindset in Your Child
Feeling Special and Appreciated
Accepting Our Children for Who They Are
Nurturing Islands of Competence
Learning from Mistakes
Developing Responsibility, Compassion, and Social Conscience
Summary
Conclusion
Mastering Worry, Fear, and Anxiety
Resources
Index
Special Addendum One
A Guide for Medical and Mental Health Professionals Using the Seven Step Approach
Special Addendum Two
Helping Children Worry Less: A Guide for Teachers
INTRODUCTION
Seven Steps to Help Your Child Worry Less
A Walk Down Bonneville Street
The Gordon Family
It is 8:00 p.m. one Monday night in November. The days have grown shorter and it is dark outside. Seven-year-old Michael is dawdling as he reluctantly gets ready for bed. Michael is afraid of the dark and of having bad dreams. Although he recognizes that there are no monsters under his bed
or burglars in the house, he has a difficult time convincing himself of this fact. He cannot comfortably settle down to sleep. As a result, Michael resists bedtime and sleepovers. He has developed a variety of behaviors that often lead to conflict with his parents as he attempts to delay bedtime.
The Barkley Family
At the Barkley household next door, ten-year-old Susan is complaining to her mother that she feels ill and doesn’t want to attend school the next day. Although Susan has not experienced problems with learning, attending school has always been difficult for her. Susan experienced stress when separating from her mother in kindergarten. In an attempt to ease her daughter’s worries, Mrs. Barkley attended the first two weeks of kindergarten, sitting in the back of the room. However, Mrs. Barkley’s attempts were futile, as separating each morning remained difficult for Susan throughout her kindergarten year. Although Susan currently attends school each day, she constantly worries that something bad might happen at home while she is gone. Her parents have grown weary of her complaints, and, in response, have encouraged her to try harder
to not worry. For the most part, Susan has stopped telling them how she feels, but she experiences a pit in her stomach and a sense of nausea each morning when she leaves for school. She has tried to convince her parents to allow her to be home-schooled. Susan’s parents recognize her struggles and worry that this problem may follow Susan into her middle school years.
The Gardner Family
Down the street in the Gardner household, Kathy has just finished her homework. Kathy has always been very diligent about completing assignments, mostly enjoying larger projects such as writing reports and creating posters. Kathy enjoys school and is perceived by her teachers as a good student who is well-liked