Third Sector

This paper evaluates critically the third-sector approach that encourages involvement in groups in order to foster community participation in deprived neighbourhoods. Analysing recent government surveys of community participation in the UK, it reveals that a culture of engagement in groups is relatively alien to most people in deprived areas, unlike one-to-one aid that is extensively used.

The increasing professionalization of civil society is a global trend that stems largely from the growing role of third sector organizations in policy making and service delivery. Such a trend can also be identified in Finland, providing a timely moment to take stock of the current provision of tertiary level civil society management education in the Finnish higher education system. In this article, I identify two ways of conceptualizing the role of civil society whereby civil society organizations are seen as a function of either service delivery or democratization. In Finnish civil society education, the latter view tends to be emphasized, leaving a gap between the needs of professionalizing civil society organizations and the current provision of higher education courses on civil society management.

I Laboratori Tematici di Ricerca sono spazi di costruzione della conoscenza, che attraverso un dispositivo riflessivo, ispirato alle comunità di ricerca e di pratiche, attivano processi di innovazione e trasformazione professionale e organizzativa, teorie locali e saperi situati sul lavoro socioeducativo, apprendimenti condivisi.
Riflettere su questa esperienza ideata e realizzata negli ultimi anni dalla Cooperativa sociale «La Grande Casa» di Sesto San Giovanni è un’opportunità unica di osservare dall’interno un esempio concreto di valorizzazione dei professionisti (gli educatori e le educatrici), che non sono meri esecutori di teorie apprese in formazione, ma, in linea con gli studi di Schon, Wenger, Mezirow, sono dei veri costruttori di teorie locali e di conoscenze pratiche insostituibili, che possono dare un contributo significativo anche alla ricerca, in questo caso, nel settore del Child and Family Welfare.
La pratica professionale dell’educatore, quando raggiunge livelli di qualità elevati, è certamente connessa alla capacità di fare ricerca, di tentare di comprendere la storia e la visione del mondo dell’utente che accompagna, bambino o adulto che sia; di individuare le migliori strategie per risolvere le problematiche e le difficoltà con cui questi si trova a convivere; di valutare la situazione, facendo scelte e assumendone il rischio, che potremmo definire “educativo” o “pedagogico”; di interrogarsi continuamente sulle proprie azioni, sulle modalità dei suoi interventi e sulle conseguenze delle sue decisioni; di verificare i risultati di quanto ha fatto e sta facendo; di esplorare l’ecosistema e tessere connessioni e relazioni.
Emergono così le voci e i percorsi plurali e situati di professionisti competenti che spesso non vengono ascoltati e che, invece, in questo contesto vengono assunti come contributi preziosi nell’arricchire e rinnovare una cultura socioeducativa e pedagogica che è il vero patrimonio di un’organizzazione del terzo settore come La Grande Casa.

China’s rapid socio-economic transformation has generated extraordinary movements of people from rural areas to urban centres. At the peak of labour migration in the early 2000s, some 100 to 200 million people moved to cities in search of higher wages and better standards of living.

State of Exchange examines how – despite the authoritarian nature of the Chinese state – non-governmental organizations in China have increased dramatically as central and local states tacitly allow migrant NGOs to deliver community services to workers in Beijing and Shanghai. Interacting with spaces and layers of the state at various levels of government, NGOs conduct and scale up their programs, while the state, in turn, engages with NGOs as a means to remain relevant and further legitimize its own interests. Jennifer Hsu uses a new conceptual framework to assess state-NGO relations and ultimately to reveal how NGOs navigate the complex web of central and local government bodies to lend stability to, and form mutually beneficial relationships with, the Chinese state. 

As North Africa and the Middle East move into a new era of politics, the Chinese experience outlined in this book will serve as a blueprint for better understanding the best practices and lessons learned for state-society relationships at the central and local levels.

Conversations about rehabilitation and how to address the drugs-crime nexus have been dominated by academics and policymakers, without due recognition of the experience and knowledge of practitioners. Not enough is known about the cultures and conditions in which rehabilitation occurs. Why is it that significant numbers of practitioners are leaving the alcohol and other drugs field, while disproportionate numbers of criminal justice practitioners are on leave?

Rehabilitation Work provides a unique insight into what happens behind the closed doors of prisons, probation and parole offices, drug rehabs, and recovery support services drawing on research from Australia. This book is among the first to provide a dedicated empirical examination of the interface between the concurrent processes of desistance from crime and recovery from substance misuse, and the implications for rehabilitation work. Hannah Graham uses practitioner interviews, workforce data and researcher observations to reveal compelling differences between official accounts of rehabilitation work, and what practitioners actually do in practice. Practitioners express a desire to be the change rather than being subject to change, actively co-producing progressive reforms instead of passively coping with funding cutbacks and interagency politics.

Applied examples of how practitioners collaborate, lead and innovate in the midst of challenging work are complemented with evocative illustrations of insider humour and professional resilience. This book is a key resource for students, academics and practitioners across fields including criminology and criminal justice, social work, psychology, counselling and addiction treatment.

O presente artigo tem por objetivo apontar instrumentos metodológicos da Análise Econômica do Direito que podem contribuir para a execução de políticas públicas pelo Terceiro Setor, na busca pela respectiva eficiência. A pesquisa tem como objeto a Reforma do Estado brasileiro e o modelo de administração gerencial adotado na década de 90 (século XX) em substituição ao Estado patrimonialista e à administração burocrática. A globalização é referida como um processo paralelo que indica, em seu contexto, as chaves para o desenvolvimento. Instrumentos metodológicos da Análise Econômica do Direito, relativos à eficiência, são apresentados, bem como critérios que possibilitam a avaliação dos custos e dos benefícios sociais na implementação de políticas públicas.

Συνοπτική παρουσίαση βασικών θέσεων της εισήγησης στο 1ο Πανελλήνιο Συνέδριο Κοινωνιολογίας της Εκπαίδευσης, ΠΤΝ - Ιωάννινα, 16-10-2014.
Περισσότερα βλέπε στο 1syn-kte.uoi.gr εκεί θα είναι διαθέσιμα τα ηλεκτρονικά πρακτικά του συνεδρίου τον από τον Φεβρουάριο του 2015

It is a fact the importance of nonprofit organizations for the smooth functioning of society, especially in areas neglected by the state and the productive sector. The sector's growth has led to greater competitiveness, and of course greater demands by donors for better application of resources. The Administration understands some key areas like Human Resources, Finance, Production, and Marketing. The latter is seen as essential in any organization, nonprofit or social nature. Thus, this research aimed to demonstrate the importance of the implementation of marketing strategies in the Third Sector organizations, as a success factor for this type of organization. The methodology used for the technical review of the literature. We conclude that the marketing strategies such as market segmentation, environmental analysis, Mix Marketing, advertising and media, if used frequently and are linked to organizational mission and vision can directly influence the achievement of desired social outcome.

Restrictions on NGOs and others promoting civil liberties have caused alarm about «shrinking civic space» perpetrated by their domestic regimes. Yet because most camps in the world's civil societies are left unmolested (indeed many are growing) and because non-domestic sources of constraint often play decisive roles, there are reasons to rethink the issues and ask how, and for whom, civil spaces are shaped. This exploratory article draws attention to forces set in motion from central, transnational levels that affect civic spaces: securitization; constraints on organized labour; marketization; transnational non-state actors; citizen disengagement driven by state retrenchment; and social media. As problematized in most policy, activist and scholarly writings, outside forces affecting civic space for emancipatory camps are often ignored, despite their being more susceptible to counteraction from outside than are repressive regimes. These issues await deeper investigation and discussion.

This is the Introduction to the following book:

The Nonprofit World: Civil Society and the Rise of the Nonprofit Sector

DESCRIPTION

John Casey explores the expanding global reach of nonprofit organizations, examining the increasingly influential role not only of prominent NGOs that work on hot-button global issues, but also of the thousands of smaller, little-known organizations that have an impact on people's daily lives.

What do these nonprofits actually do? How and why have they grown exponentially? How are they managed and funded? What organizational, political, and economic challenges do they face? Casey answers these questions and also, liberally using case studies, situates the evolution of the sector in the broader contexts of differing national environments and global public affairs.

With its broad perspective, The Nonprofit World affords readers a thorough understanding of both the place of nonprofits in the global arena and the implications of their growing importance.

THE AUTHOR

John Casey is associate professor in the School of Public Affairs at Baruch College, City University of New York. His previous publications include Policing the World: The Practice of International and Transnational Policing.


CONTENTS

• The Nonprofit World.
• The Rise of the Nonprofit Sector.
• The Evolution of the Nonprofit Sector.
• Comparing National Nonprofit Sectors.
• The Globalization of Ideas.
• Internationalization of the Nonprofit Sector.
• International Nonprofits at Work.
• Stewarding International Nonprofits.
• Emerging Trends.


For ordering information, see:
https://www.rienner.com/title/The_Nonprofit_World_Civil_Society_and_the_Rise_of_the_Nonprofit_Sector

Resumen: La comunicación simbólica y verbal es una de las raíces fundamentales de lo humano. La expresión oral ha sido el medio acústico en que se encarnó la palabra desde sus orígenes. La oralidad es un hecho central que ha acompañado a los seres humanos desde sus inicios hasta la actualidad. Sin embargo, se ha ido transformando en el tiempo. Y nunca ha existido como sistema de comunicación único, sino que ha convivido, sistémicamente, con otras dinámicas de comunicación no oral. Subrayamos especialmente las interacciones y transformaciones de lo visual y lo auditivo cuando operan conjuntamente.
En esta reflexión se sostiene que, tras una primera oralidad que se extendió hasta el nacimiento de la escritura, y tras una segunda oralidad que ha convivido durante siglos con la escritura manuscrita y con la imprenta, se está gestando desde hace décadas una tercera oralidad, oralidad múltiple o multimodal, transoralidad, que corresponde al tercer entorno según los planteamientos de Javier Echeverría. En el nuevo escenario, lejos de decaer en importancia, está adquiriendo un nuevo protagonismo. Las investigaciones futuras deberán esbozar las características de la nueva oralidad, sus puntos fuertes y débiles, especialmente entre los nativos digitales.

Palabras-clave: Oralidad. Tercer entorno. Transmodernidad. Transhumanización. Transoralidad. Cultura digital.

The recent Italian reform of the Third Sector is expected to boost a big change in the history of the organizations of Italian civil society. This reform is not only the result of a long public debate and of a policymaking process that lasted three years. It is also the starting point of an implementation process which is expected to last for a long time in the next few years. This article outlines the main elements of this reform and points out some of its most important implications, in terms of relationship with the public welfare system, hybridization with the market environment and capacity of Third sector organizations to remain rooted in local communities and to engage ordinary citizens in its social activities.

La recente riforma del Terzo settore (L. n. 106 del 6 giugno 2016) costituisce un punto di arrivo di un mutamento del mondo associativo avvenuto negli ultimi decenni ma anche il punto di partenza di un processo attuativo che si produrrà nel corso dei prossimi anni. Il presente articolo presenta le caratteristiche salienti della riforma, ne indica alcune delle principali sfide aperte e opportunità e ne mette in luce alcuni possibili rischi, in particolare riguardo al rapporto con il welfare pubblico, al centralismo della governance del nuovo sistema e delle forme di rappresentanza. L'esito di questa sfida dipenderà da quanto gli attori istituzionali chiamati ad attuarla, in particolare governo centrale ed enti locali e quelli dello stesso Terzo settore, sapranno bilanciare il processo di ibridazione col mercato con il mantenimento del radicamento territoriale e culturale del Terzo settore.

Resumo: A proposta do presente artigo é realizar um balanço da evolução e dos principais desafios das parcerias com o terceiro setor no Brasil nos últimos 20 (vinte) anos. No primeiro tópico, o texto aborda os aspectos gerais das parcerias com o terceiro setor no Brasil. A intenção é demonstrar que, após o advento da reforma gerencial de 1995, essas parcerias assumiram novos contornos e foram integradas a uma ampla política estatal de fomento, com vistas à implementação do modelo de administração gerencial.

RESUMEN En este artículo se parte de una definición de la Intervención Social para relacionarla después con el concepto de participación social que se constituye para ella en una condición, una herra-mienta, un escenario y una meta. Una conclusión clave es que la participación social utiliza la Intervención Social, y ésta última se convierte en un instrumento de «la Participación» para avanzar en una «política de presencia» de las personas, grupos y colectivos que no tienen un acceso a los mecanismos de participación social ordinarios, o que están directamente excluidos de ellos. Finalmente, se proponen algunas de las condiciones necesarias para superar retos y di-ficultades de la propia acción participativa. ABSTRACT This paper begins with a definition of social intervention that is deeply related to the concept of social participation, which turns to be condition tool, scenario and goal of intervention itself. A

This paper consists of two parts, a theoretical overview and analysis and an empirical one through real-world research results. For the first part, a systematic literature review of secondary and primary sources was conducted to investigate the impact of the global capitalist crisis on health, health and quality of life expenditure of residents of Greece and especially those who are considered as vulnerable population. Also, the Third Sector and the role of NGOs as well as the policies adopted for intervention in the crisis areas are presented and analyzed. Trying to pass the analysis from general to specialist, a study by NGOs "Doctors of the World" (DoW) and in particular the Athens DoW Polyclinic, where research of the population took place. For the completion and presentation of the second part, a questionnaire with closed-ended questions was prepared to conduct a random sampling survey in a targeted target group to obtain and collect primary measurable data for conducting quality-of-life conclusions. Demographic questions have been created to work in conjunction with the scientific investigative tool. The EQ-5D-5L Life Quality Scientific Measurement Tool was used with the supplemental EQ VAS. The surveyed population was (N = 80) eighty subjects, served by the DoW Polyclinic, of different nationalities, sexes and 12 years of age or older. The survey consists of three parts: a) demographics, b) EQ-5D-5L, EQ VAS questionnaire, and c) the ”recall” part where the subjects were asked to recall a previous health condition at one year's depth and filled-in the research questionnaire of the second part. Although, statistically significant results were not produced, the outputs of this analysis confirmed the expected trends.  To the best of our knowledge this is the first EQ-5D dataset produced for this segment of individuals which can be the basis of further analyses and research.

Diplomacy is no longer restricted to a single vocation nor implemented exclusively through interaction amongst official representatives. In exploring the challenges that these transformations produce, this work surveys firstly, the genealogy of diplomacy as a profession, tracing how it changed from a civic duty into a vocation requiring training and the acquisition of specific knowledge and skills. Secondly, using the lens of the sociology of professions, the development of diplomacy as a distinctive profession is examined, including its importance for the consolidation of the power of modern nation-states. Thirdly, it examines how the landscape of professional diplomacy is being diversified and, we argue, enriched by a series of non-state actors, with their corresponding professionals, transforming the phenomenology of contemporary diplomacy. Rather than seeing this pluralization of diplomatic actors in negative terms as the deprofessionalization of diplomacy, we frame these trends as transprofessionalization, that is, as a productive development that reflects the expanded diplomatic space and the intensified pace of global interconnections and networks, and the new possibilities they unleash for practising diplomacy in ... Diplomatic scholars, international relations analysts, graduate and undergraduate students of international affairs, foreign policy decision-makers, international NGOs, practitioners, and educators in diplomatic academies.

There is a growing consensus that 3 rd sector organizations should evaluate the impact of their work and communicate their results.
Social impact consists in the societal changes developed following
a specific project. While having increasing responsibilities in society, 3rd sector organizations face mounting calls for transparency, trustworthiness, accountability and appropriate solutions for
society’s most urgent problems, although relying on limited resources.
Effective altruism emphasizes how evidence-based decision-making, can improve donor’s capacity to contribute to the greatest positive impact. On an organizational level, social impact measurement assesses
projects from activities to strategy, evaluating the generated results.
The purpose of this study is to explore the understanding of social impact and its measurement in Romania’s 3rd sector. While also, presenting how can Romanian 3rd sector organizations, and its
donors, develop best practices designed for achieving social impact. Using a qualitative analysis, the present study, conducted interviews to experts working with Romania’s 3 rd sector, including
public, private and nongovernmental organizations to promote a comprehensive understanding of our research.
The analysis discloses how social impact, its measurement and discussion are still new for both organizations and donors in Romania. Also, the misconceptions regarding social impact and the
Romanian 3 rd sector, undermine its progress. At the same time, we’ve presented recommendations for the development of Romania’s 3 rd sector: through specialized human resources, long-lasting
partnerships and by establishing general reporting guidelines for measuring social impacts. The previous conclusions aim at showing how evidence-based projects could be implemented, upscaled and, potentially, developed into improved public policies.
Furthermore, the present study intends to contribute for expanding the debate of social impact in Romania’s 3 rd sector.

Tra gli effetti della recente crisi globale, vi sono l'acuirsi della polarizzazione tra la città dei ricchi e dei poveri (Secchi, 2013), e la drastica diminuzione delle risorse economiche ed umane, investite da enti pubblici e privati nella rigenerazione del patrimonio esistente. Se da un lato aumenta la popolazione in condizioni di povertà assoluta, dall’altro una notevole quantità di immobili sono in disuso. Il seguente paper propone di dipanare tale paradosso mettendo in relazione il fenomeno multidimensionale della povertà con la creazione di nuove opportunità abitative, attraverso il recupero del tessuto urbano già esistente. In particolare l'articolo intende esplorare e valorizzare il ruolo degli enti del terzo settore nell'attivazione di processi che garantiscano il diritto alla città (Lefevbre, 2014), raccontando un’esperienza, di cui le autrici sono parte attiva, e che è in corso a San Berillo, un quartiere situato nel cuore di Catania, ma percepito come periferico dalla maggior parte della cittadinanza, nonché divenuto un melting-pot di pratiche di riappropriazione da parte di abitanti, gruppi informali e formali. Tra questi ultimi, opera l'associazione Trame di Quartiere, che con il progetto “Sottosopra: abitare collaborativo”, è una delle vincitrici dell’Iniziativa Housing Sociale 2018, promossa da Fondazione con il Sud. La condivisione di questa esperienza diviene, per le autrici, occasione per riflettere su come contrastare la povertà multidimensionale, generare trasformazioni urbane inclusive, sperimentare modalità abitative collaborative e solidali, attraverso forme di partenariato pubblico-privato.

This research, conducted by the author when a Senior Researcher at Newcastle University, UK, was funded by a UK governance organisation to help them assess, integrate and improve their understanding of the governed population.

ABSTRACT: Governance organisations have been urged to develop more holistic evidence-based approaches with partners to better deal with issues affecting the governed population. This presupposes an understanding of the population, yet there has been little research work addressing how governance organisations come to understand their governed population, nor how this understanding can be improved upon within such organisations.

This case study examined in-depth how understanding of a governed population was developed within one UK local governance organisation and it explored how such understanding might be developed and improved through more holistic and evidence-based organisational learning within the organisation and its governance partnerships.

The research methodology involved placement within the governance organisation, participant observations on several projects and innovative initiatives, observations within, across, and outside the organisation, and also interviews with varied key stakeholders.

The study examined:

- stakeholder engagement and networks
- current and varied understandings of the population
- mechanisms actually used for developing understandings
- the influence of context on organisational learning

and analysed these to arrive at a recommendations to improve organisational understanding of the governed population.

In the case studied, significant strengths were found: including innovative past learning trials for development, extensive ongoing networking activities, and many varied and accumulating quantitative datasets available across partnerships.

However, entrenched organisational approaches and practices constrained the development of holistic evidence-based understanding, for instance: the absence of systematic maintained collective learning processes; weak recording and forgetting of understandings; methodological exclusion of stakeholders from the development of understanding; the relative neglect of qualitative data, explanations, investigations, interpretations, and reflexivity; and also implicit organisational acceptance of such limitations and low aspirations.

Nonetheless, untapped opportunities existed to enable change including: latent practitioner knowledge and innovative management champions, the desire for improvement and raised aspirations within learning networks, and the development potential of alterative learning approaches.

It was concluded that more holistic evidence-based understanding was possible, but required new learning approaches beyond those then in use in both local government or academia.   

Recommendations are made to utilise and develop improved organisational learning approaches trialed and reported in the case study.

It is argued that the case study findings, conclusions, and recommendations may be applicable to other similar local governance organisations and partnerships that seek to better understand local populations, services and interventions.

The work was also submitted for, and awarded, an MPhil (at Newcastle University, supervised by Prof. Patsy Healy)

This paper analyses how the American (U.S.) norm is reflected in the growth of the nonprofit sector around the world. The purpose is to provide background for educators seeking to introduce more cosmopolitan perspectives on the nonprofit sector. Extracted from: Casey, John (2016). The Nonprofit World: Civil Society and the Rise of the Nonprofit Sector. Kumarian Press, Lynne Rienner Publishers, Inc. pp. 131-143