Starch

O presente trabalho teve por objetivos avaliar a composição de rizomas do lírio-do-bejo (Hedychium coronarium) e isolar e caracterizar seu amido, por meio de análises físicas e físico-químicas. A composição química dos grânulos de amido isolados dos rizomas também foi determinada, bem como o formato, tamanho, distribuição de tamanho de partícula por difração a laser, viscosidade de pasta em analisador rápido de viscosidade, poder de inchamento, índice de solubilidade em água, propriedade térmica por calorimetria diferencial de varredura e cristalinidade por difração de raios X. Observou-se que os rizomas apresentaram elevado teor de água e baixos teores de matéria graxa, carboidratos, cinzas, proteínas e fibras. Os rizomas de lírio-do-brejo apresentam-se inadequados para produção de amido, devido ao baixo teor de matéria seca (17,3%), com 21,97% de amido, bem como fibras longas e látex, que dificultam a extração do amido. O amido extraído apresentou pureza de 99,2%, com 37,2% de ami...

Rice is a principal source of carbohydrate and protein. An increase in protein content has been reported to be accompanied by a reduction in the amounts of all essential amino acids. However, a study for 16 varieties indicated that not all the essential amino acids were ...

The effects of plantain starch obtained from the unripe fruit of the plantMusa paradisiaca L. (Musaceae) on the mechanical and disintegration properties of paracetamol tablets have been investigated in comparison with the effects of corn starch BP using a 23 factorial experimental design. The individual and combined effects of nature of starch binder (N), concentration of starch binder (C), and the relative density of tablet (RD) on the tensile strength (TS), brittle fracture index (BFI), and disintegration time (DT) of the tablets were investigated. The ranking of the individual effects on TS was RD>C≫N, on BFI was C≫RD>N and on DT was N>C>RD. The ranking for the interaction effects on TS and DT was N-C≫N-RD>C-RD, while that on BFI was N-C≫C-RD>N-RD. Changing nature of starch from a “low” (plantain starch) to a “high” (corn starch) level, increasing the concentration of starch binding agent from 2.5% to 10.0% wt/wt, and increasing relative density of the tablet from 0.80 to 0.90, led to increase in the values of TS and DT, but a decrease in BFI. Thus, tablets containing plantain starch had lower tensile strength and disintegration time values than those containing corn starch, but showed better ability to reduce the lamination and capping tendency in paracetamol tablet formulation. The interaction between N and C was significantly (P<.001) higher than those between N and RD and between C and RD. There is therefore the need to carefully choose the nature (N) and concentration (C) of starch used as binding agent in tablet formulations to obtain tablets of desired bond strength and disintegration properties. Furthermore, plantain starch could be useful as an alternative binding agent to cornstarch, especially where faster disintegration is required and the problems of lamination and capping are of particular concern.

This paper presents an optimization of a lightweight biopolymer drilling fluid for underbalanced drilling (UBD) using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Concentrations of four raw materials (glass bubbles, clay, xanthan gum and starch) were varied to analyze their effects on three vital responses: density, plastic viscosity (PV) and yield point (YE') of the fluid. Based on the results, the optimum condition was achieved at concentrations of glass bubbles, clay, xanthan gum and starch of 24.46% w/v,0.63% w/v, 0.21% w/v and 2.41% w/v, respectively. The results showed that it is possible to predict the three response parameters using models generated by RSM since the experimental values were found to be in good agreement with the predicted values (error <1.0, standard deviation < 0.5 and accuracy > 98.5%). (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Link to Full-Text Articles :
http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0920410515001138/1-s2.0-S0920410515001138-main.pdf?_tid=1b1b3aee-4010-11e5-b09d-00000aab0f01&acdnat=1439287542_9fd31980444c45c5e189eeb04e68221c

Solid-liquid equilibrium (SLE) for binary mixture of Propafenone Hydrocloride (PP) with Metoprolol Tartrate (MT) was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and corresponding activity coefficients were calculated. Simple eutectic behavior for this system was observed. The excess thermodynamic functions: G(E) and S(E) for the pre-, post-, and eutectic composition have been obtained using the computed activity coefficients data of the eutectic phase with their excess chemical potentials μi(E) (i=1, 2). The experimental solid-liquid phase temperatures were compared with predictions obtained from available eutectic equilibrium models. The results indicate non-ideality in this mixture. Also, the compatibility of each component and their eutectic mixture with usual excipients was investigated, and the DSC experiments indicate possible weak interactions with α-lactose monohydrate and compatibility with corn starch. The results obtained were confirmed by FT-IR measurements.

Insulin resistance has been suggested to increase the risk of certain diseases, including osteochondrosis and laminitis. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of adaptation to high-glycemic meals on glucose-insulin regulation in healthy Thoroughbred weanlings. Twelve Thoroughbred foals were raised on pasture and supplemented twice daily with a feed high in either sugar and starch (SS; 49% nonstructural carbohydrates, 21% NDF, 3% crude fat on a DM basis) or fat and fiber (FF; 12% nonstructural carbohydrates, 44% NDF, 10% crude fat on a DM basis). As weanlings (age 199 +/- 5 d; BW 274 +/- 5 kg) the subjects underwent a modified frequently sampled i.v. glucose tolerance test. A series of 39 blood samples was collected from -60 to 360 min, with a glucose bolus of 300 mg/kg BW injected at 0 min and an insulin bolus of 1.5 mIU/kg BW at 20 min. All samples were analyzed for glucose and insulin, and basal samples also were analyzed for plasma cortisol, triglyceride, and IGF-I. The minima...

This investigation evaluated some new (Preflo) and existing commercially available (Starch 1500, Star Tab) modified starches as direct compression excipients. Preflo corn starches (CH-10, CH-20, CH-30) and Preflo potato starches (P-250, PI-10, PJ-20) were evaluated and compared with respect to their pharmaceutical properties such as particle size, density, flowability, friability, and compression properties. Preflo starches showed a high bulk density and good flowability. Preflo corn starches and Star Tab formed harder tablets than Preflo potato starches and Starch 1500. Data from the Athy-Heckel plots indicated that the Preflo starches are soft materials and, unlike Starch 1500, undergo plastic deformation. Tablets containing acetaminophen were also compressed with the starches and disintegration and dissolution studies were conducted. Starch 1500 tablets disintegrated in 3.5 min, whereas none of the Preflo starch tablets disintegrated in 30 min. While complete acetaminophen releas...

The influence of amylose content on water uptake and solubility behaviors and percent degree of gelatiniza-tion of waxy (Amioca), normal and high amylose (Hylon VII) corn starches were investigated. Gelatiniza-tion was also followed by differential scanning calorimetry and the transition temperatures and enthalpies were determined. The results were discussed in relation to underlying mass transfer processes during ge-latinization. It was determined that water uptake and solubility of starches decreased as the amylose content increased. Amioca exhibited the highest water uptake, attributed to its low amylose content. The water uptake and solubility of Hylon VII were low at all temperatures. The highly associated structure of Hylon VII and also the presence of lipid complexes were considered as the factors influencing its gelatinization behavior. Therefore it was concluded that the mass transfer processes for gelatinization was mainly influenced by free amylose for network formation rather than the proportion of amylose in starch. Özet Bu çalışmada mumsu (Amioca), normal ve yüksek amiloz içerikli (Hylon VII) mısır nişastalarının su kazan-cı ve çözünürlük davranışları ile jelatinizasyon derecelerine amiloz içeriğinin etkisi araştırılmıştır. Jelatini-zasyon diferansiyel taramalı kalorimetri yöntemi ile de incelenmiş, geçiş sıcaklıkları ve entalpileri belirlen-miştir. Jelatinizasyon süresince meydana gelen değişiklikler kütle aktarımı yaklaşımıyla değerlendirilmiş-tir. Nişastadaki amiloz miktarı azaldıkça su alma ve çözünürlük miktarının azaldığı belirlenmiştir. En yük-sek su alma Amioca da izlenmiş ve bu durum düşük amiloz içeriği ile ilişkilendirilmiştir. Hylon VII de göz-lenen molekül içi assosiyasyon ve lipit varlığının jelatinizasyon davranışında belirleyici rol oynadığı izlen-miştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar ışığında, jelatinizasyon sırasındaki kütle aktarım olaylarının nişastadaki amiloz oranından çok ağ yapıda yer alabilen serbest amiloz miktarından etkilendiği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Starch is known to be the principal carbohydrate constituent of many plant materials and this necessitate a detailed investigation to understand better its biochemical and functional characteristics because they are used by the food, paper, chemical, pharmaceutical, textile and other industries. In this study, starches were extracted from cocoyam and tiger nut using standard methods and were modified by oxidation, acetylation and pre-gelatinization and evaluated for chemical, functional, pasting properties and colour. The result shows that pre-gelatinization significantly (p<0.05) increases the solubility, viscosity and paste clarity of tigernut and cocoyam starches by 12.5 and 10.33%, 1065 and 2188.33 CP, 16.31% T and 23.33%T, respectively. Modification significantly (p<0.05) increases the water holding capacity of tigernut by 2.00% (acetylation), dual modification (1.77%), oxidized starch (1.55%). The water holding capacity of both the dual and modified tiger nut starches had no significant difference (p<0.05). Pre-gelatinization improves the swelling and solubility properties of cocoyam starch which was required in baking industry and also improved the viscosity which is useful in adhesive industries where high viscosity is required. Dual modified tigernut and cocoyam had high OAC of 0.75 and 1.07%, respectively, which was of great importance as fat acts as flavor retainer and increases the mouth feel of food. In this report, it shows that pregelatinized starch possessed the highest L* value (108.34) and the lowest chrome C* value (12.44), therefore it is desirable to meet consumer’s preference. From these results concluded that the undesirable properties in native cocoyam and tigernut starches could be overcome through the use dual-modification and pregelatinization.

The genomic era facilitates the understanding of how transcriptional networks are interconnected to program seed development and filling. However, to date, little information is available regarding dicot seeds with a transient perisperm and a persistent, copious endosperm. Coffea arabica is the subject of increasing genomic research and is a model for nonorthodox albuminous dicot seeds of tropical origin.The aim of this study was to reconstruct the metabolic pathways involved in the biosynthesis of the main coffee seed storage compounds, namely cell wall polysaccharides, triacylglycerols, sucrose, and chlorogenic acids. For this purpose, we integrated transcriptomic and metabolite analyses, combining real-time RT-PCR performed on 137 selected genes (of which 79 were uncharacterized in Coffea) and metabolite profiling.Our map-drawing approach derived from model plants enabled us to propose a rationale for the peculiar traits of the coffee endosperm, such as its unusual fatty acid composition, remarkable accumulation of chlorogenic acid and cell wall polysaccharides.Comparison with the developmental features of exalbuminous seeds described in the literature revealed that the two seed types share important regulatory mechanisms for reserve biosynthesis, independent of the origin and ploidy level of the storage tissue.

This article deals with the development of a new composition of a polymer composition for dressing cotton yarn. The optimal concentration of the dressing polymer composition, which is 50 g/kg, against the starch-based dressing is 70 g/kg, i.e. the consumption of starch is reduced by 25-30%. It is experimentally established that the concentration of the dressing, which has a significant impact on the cost of the dressing, varies within 45-50 g/kg of the composition, while the true glue remained at the same level.
Theoretically, the interaction between the polymer groups and the reactive groups PVA and HIPAN is justified. The products resulting from this interaction contain, in particular, amide -CONH, carbamide - NHCONH, carbamate - ОСОNH2, ester - ОСО and other groups. Their presence in the macromolecules of the polymer composition makes it possible to improve the elastic, structural and mechanical properties, and to reduce the electronegativity of the adhesive film formed on the yarn during sizing.
The optimal technological parameters of preparation of dressings based on the polymer dressing material for composition. At the same time, it was found that the use of these preparations makes it possible to give the coated cotton yarn good quality and technological properties, to produce fabric on high-performance weaving equipment with a reduction in breakage by 35-40%, and an increase in productivity by 5.0-10.0%.
It is revealed that in the case of dressing cotton yarn with the developed dressing compositions, a significant reduction in starch is achieved, which indicates the feasibility of using the developed composition in economic and environmental terms

Primary palmar hyperhidrosis in children and adolescents may be severe enough to affect school and physical activities, causing emotional problems, stress in the patient&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s life, and a compromised quality of life. Nine patients with palmar hyperhidrosis underwent treatment with botulinum A. Before the session, and in the 1-, 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-month post-session follow-ups, the patients were administered the Minor test, gravimetry, the Scales of Frequency and Severity, and the Questionnaire of Quality of Life. The mean age was 11 years, with seven girls and two boys. Each patient was administered at least one treatment of botulinum toxin in the palm of the hands (75-150 U for palm), with the mean number of sessions 2.2 (range: 1-4). All sessions in the patients resulted in drying of the hands, with a mean duration of effect of 7 months. Botulinum toxin A controls excessive sweat in the palms of children and adolescents who have primary palmar hyperhidrosis, with an improvement in the quality of life. The therapy is safe and effective in this pediatric group and can be considered before surgical interventions.

This study aimed to gain a deep understanding of the preparation mechanism of the thermoplastic potato starch (TPPS) by using melt-mixing as a production method, to pursue the changes occurred on the microstructure, morphology and thermal properties of potato starch, TPPS was prepared using a mixture of potato starch with glycerol and water as plasticizer in an internal mixer. The steps of the phase transition , happening by applying harsh conditions (60 rpm, 160 °C, and 7 min), were followed by monitoring the evolution of torque during the mixing time. It was shown that the granules structure was destroyed and a new phase was formed. This was proved by SEM which gave the evidence that the morphology of the TPPS was homogeneous with the smooth surface means that the mixing conditions used in this work were good enough to obtain the thermoplastic starch with a high level of homogeneity in all dimensions. FTIR analysis allowed deducing the formation of new H-bonds between the starch and plasticizers molecules instead of intra and intermo-lecular H-bonds in the native starch that was destructed through the melt-mixing process., These caused starch chains gain mobility and as the results decreasing in crystallinity, where the XRD analysis exhibited that the crystallinity decreased from 14.5% resulting from B-type in native potato starch to 9% resulting from B-type and VH-type in TPPS. TGA and DSC analysis proved a decreasing in the thermal stability in the TPPS as compared to the starch granules.