Journalism

In the past twenty years, democratic participation through activism and civil disobedience has been increasingly expanded with the evolution of information and communication technology. It is assumed that the role of traditional media is not as influential as it once was due to the growing presence of self-made war journalists, hacktivists and whistleblowers, facilitated through the potential of the internet. The use of the latter as a tool from which information is disseminated rapidly, is fast influencing societal understanding and exposure to issues as they develop. Social media demonstrates precisely this phenomenon, in which people are able to accrue information and act upon it through mass communication and mobilisation. This article will therefore endeavor to analyse the evolution of media in conjunction with activism, from traditional media ethno-political conflict reporting, to today's whistleblowers and hacktivists that use the internet as their main platform. By factoring in these different aspects, this article is able to present a detailed account of the advantages and drawbacks of the latest developments in internet and technology, with special emphasis being placed on the role of online activism.

Based on interviews with Syrian media practitioners, this article uses the notion of affective proximity to make sense of local media practitioners’ reporting and witnessing of suffering in their country and community. I argue that the life-risking, and sometimes deadly, media practices of local reporters and witnesses, as well as their emotional labour, often do not feature in understandings of journalism when it is conceived as a purely professional discursive pursuit. I explain affective proximity in terms of an imagined space (or the lack thereof) between a media practitioner, on the one hand, and the event they are representing and participating in, on the other. In relation to Syria, I use it to analyse the word ‘revolution’ and what it mediates, the shifting boundaries between activism and journalism, and experiences of, and in, violence. I make the case that the study of affect and emotion in global news should be contextualized within the unequal power relations that give s...

Given the on-going nature of this crisis, it’s too early for the full implications to be realized. However, it’s clear that the news industry which emerges on the other side will look very different from the one that went into it.

Nonetheless, what this report shows is that we can start to identify the key characteristics inherent in those outlets who look best placed to navigate this situation.

Tl;DR think “audience first.”

“Businesses that focus on the audience first and advertising second will be better equipped to handle the consequences of the pandemic,” argues Curtis Huber, Senior Director of Circulation and Audience Revenue at the Seattle Times.

What does that mean in practice? Here’s a topline six-point playbook.

Book Description
Bringing together disciplines such as news translation, media studies, linguistics and financial discourse, this book addresses the issue of English-Greek idiom translation in the news press. It adopts a novel idiom-typology which draws its main concepts from psychology and gives a detailed description of the idiom-translation strategies employed in the Greek financial press. More specifically, this book explores the syntactic, semantic and pragmatic changes that idioms undergo when they are translated and proposes possible parameters that license a particular idiom-translation strategy to be used in preference to another. It is suggested that the four major tendencies dominant in idiom translation, namely idiom adherence, literalization, deletion and compensation, are determined by syntactic, semantic, pragmatic, cognitive and textual parameters. On these grounds, a new idiom-translation model is presented where it is assumed that idiom translation is genre-sensitive, thus pointing to the context-sensitive nature of idiom translation expected to influence the translation quality of genres.

Com a efervescência dos estudos em jornalismo, as constantes críticas e os sucessivos esforços de se delimitar epistemológica e metodologicamente a área, o presente artigo coloca em discussão os trabalhos sobre o agenda-setting, ou do agendamento da mídia, questionando o sucesso que a abordagem alcançou nacionalmente. A partir de uma análise empírica, com base em papers apresentados nos principais fóruns das ciências da comunicação no Brasil, examinamos como essa tradição é reapropriada pelos pesquisadores brasileiros, quais as metodologias usadas e se há acúmulo de conhecimento.

Joseph Turow’s The Daily You takes us behind-the-scenes of the advertising industry to get a better sense of not just how its capitalistic rationale is put into practice, but its potential impact on individuals in a consumer society. While readers are probably most familiar with his Breaking Up America (1997), this current book is a more natural development of its 2006 antecedent, Niche Envy. Indeed The Daily You contains familiar arguments Turow has made previously about marketing discrimination and profiling in a digital age, but this book delves further into the actual mechanics and end-goals of how advertising companies gather data, profile people, and try to follow ‘valuable’ individuals across as many possible geographic locations and devices as possible.

This report summarizes the main outcomes of the research conducted within Pillar 1 of the MDCEE project, entitled Media Ownership and Commercial Pressures. The primary goal of the project’s first research area was to investigate the market structures underpinning the conditions of news media organizations in Central and Eastern Europe and consequently to analyse the influence of economic factors on the relationship between the media and democracy in this region. While the overall scope of Pillar 1 was broadened in the course of the MDCEE project (2009-2013), and also included explorations in the area of administrative and regulatory capacities of the state vis-à-vis the market in general and the telecommunications markets in particular (see Stetka 2012a), this report focuses specifically on the original core issues of Pillar 1. It attempts to present a systematic and comparative overview of media ownership structures, as well as other important features and tendencies shaping the character of news media markets in the ten Central and Eastern European countries studied by the MDCEE project, particularly with respect to the 2008/2009 financial crisis, which has had a profound and dramatic effect on ownership patterns and on the overall situation of the media in this region.

Making News at The New York Times is the first in-depth portrait of the nation’s, if not the world's, premier newspaper in the digital age. It presents a lively chronicle of months spent in the newsroom observing daily conversations, meetings, and journalists at work. We see Page One meetings, articles developed for online and print from start to finish, the creation of ambitious multimedia projects, and the ethical dilemmas posed by social media in the newsroom. Here, the reality of creating news in a 24/7 instant information environment clashes with the storied history of print journalism, and the tensions present a dramatic portrait of news in the online world. This news ethnography brings to bear the overarching value clashes at play in a digital news world. The book argues that emergent news values are reordering the fundamental processes of news production. Immediacy, interactivity, and participation now play a role unlike any time before, creating clashes between old and new. These values emerge from the social practices, pressures, and norms at play inside the newsroom as journalists attempt to negotiate the new demands of their work. Immediacy forces journalists to work in a constant deadline environment, an ASAP world, but one where the vaunted traditions of yesterday's news still appear in the next day's print paper. Interactivity, inspired by the new user-computer directed capacities online and the immersive Web environment, brings new kinds of specialists into the newsroom, but exacts new demands upon the already taxed workflow of traditional journalists. And at time where social media presents the opportunity for new kinds of engagement between the audience and media, business executives hope for branding opportunities while journalists fail to truly interact with their readers. Please note, I have posted the full proof here, but please consider buying the book if you make extensive use of it.  Thanks a lot.

Twitter makes visible some of the most fundamental divides in professional journalism today. It reveals tensions about what constitutes news, the norms guiding journalists providing it, professional identity, and public service. This article argues that these tensions result from a clash between the institutional logic of professional control (Lewis, 2012) and an ethic of transparency. Drawing from extensive research on a political press corps, involving observation, interviews, and analysis of tweets, this study witnesses the adoption of Twitter in the everyday working practices of reporters. It thereby also provides reasons why Twitter has been so successful in journalism. Tensions between professional control and transparency in journalism may, furthermore, be emblematic for divides in other professions today.

With the institutionalization of algorithms as content creators, professional journalism is facing transformation and novel ethical challenges. This article focuses on the concept of Algorithmic Journalism on the basis of natural language generation and provides a framework to identify and discuss ethical issues. The analysis builds on the moral theories of deontology, utilitarianism, virtue ethics, and contractualism and remaps the ethical discussion for Algorithmic Journalism at the intersection of digital media ethics and cyberethics. In order to capture the whole range of potential shifts and challenges in journalism ethics the article combines the ethical multi-layer system of responsibility by Pürer with the classification of journalism by Weischenberg, Malik, and Scholl on an organizational, professional/individual, and social/audience sphere. This analytical framework is then complemented with attributes derived from the technical potential of Algorithmic Journalism. As a result, the analysis uncovers new ethical challenges and shifts of responsibility in news production for journalism practice and journalism research at the  levels of objectivity, authority, transparency, and at the level of implicit or explicit values.

Como se recoge en el título del trabajo, su finalidad es la de especificar los estudios relacionados con el periodismo en Internet además de los elementos que configuran y determinan la comunicación de estos nuevos medios. Las investigaciones sobre periodismo en Internet y Nuevas Tecnologías aplicadas a la comunicación versan sobre diferentes temas, aunque no todos han sido investigados con la misma profundidad. Una situación que provoca la existencia de cuestiones especialmente analizadas, frente a otras que no lo son.

Por ello se hacía necesario realizar una investigación básica que definiese las áreas temáticas que poseen más estudios, así como aquellos aspectos sobre las nuevas tecnologías y el periodismo que aún no han sido examinados. De esta forma se pueden presentar nuevas y futuras investigaciones, evaluando sus debilidades y fortalezas. Además, para ofrecer una visión más completa del estudio inicial en cuestión, no sólo se han recogido las publicaciones que hasta el momento hay sobre esta temática, sino que se ha ampliado el objetivo del trabajo. Por ello, he procedido a la lectura de algunas de las publicaciones encontradas, para conocer los datos más relevantes y las características que configuran el periodismo en Internet, así como sus consecuencias.

Disrupting the Gaze is written in three parts. The first chapter Art Intervention and the Tate Gallery investigates contemporary art intervention at the Tate Gallery. It includes artists, art groups and activists: Graham Harwood, Platform, Liberate Tate, IOCOSE, Tamiko Thiel, Mel Evans, Mark McGowan, Mark Wallinger, Damien Hirst and Britart. The second chapter The Power and the Gaze studies the history of the Tate Gallery, its connection with the Millbank Penetentiary and the “Panopticon", Jeremy Bentham’s design and concept for the prison. The third chapter explores different concepts of “the gaze” and includes feminist, societal and media art contexts. Together they form part of a larger study that looks at dissent in the context of contemporary art, technology and social change.
Each artist(s) featured in this chapter delivers his or her own particular unofficial and official mode of art intervention at the Tate Gallery. Whether these interventions concern economic, social or political conditions, they all connect in different ways. Less in their style or genre than as contemporary artistic practitioners exploring their own states of agency in a world where our public interfaces are as much a necessary place of creative engagement, as is the already accepted physical ‘inner’ sanctum of the gallery space. These artists’ and their artworks have become as equally significant (perhaps even more) than, the mainstream art establishment’s franchised celebrities.
In his vindication of those artists hidden away in places where the art establishment’s light rarely shines, Gregory Sholette observes that “when, the excluded are made visible, when they demand visibility, it is always ultimately a matter of politics and rethinking history.”  (Sholette 2011) This draws upon a contemporary art culture and its audiences beyond the mainstream. These artistic discoveries and discourse arise from an independent art culture that is rarely reflected back to us. Instead, we receive more of the same, marketed franchises. The central, mainstream version of contemporary art has found its allies within a global and corporate culture, where business dictates art value. Meanwhile, a spirit of artistic emancipation thrives. It is self styled, self governed and liberated from the restrictive norms that dominate our mediated gaze.

The media are home to an eclectic bunch of people. This book is about who they are, what they do, and what their work means to them. Based on interviews with media professionals in the United States, New Zealand, South Africa, and The Netherlands, and drawing from both scholarly and professional literatures in a wide variety of disciplines, it offers an account of what it is like to work in the media today.
Media professionals face tough choices. Boundaries are drawn and erased: between commerce and creativity, between individualism and teamwork, between security and independence. Digital media supercharge these dilemmas, as industries merge and media converge, as audiences become co-creators of content online.
The media industries are the pioneers of the digital age. This book is a critical primer on how media workers manage to survive, and is essential reading for anyone considering a career in the media, or who wishes to understand how the media are made.

This study examines whether and how public media systems contribute to the health of democracies in 33 countries in Europe, Africa, Asia, North America, the Middle East, Latin America, and South America. We gather national economic data and public media funding levels, audience shares, and regulatory data, primarily for 2018 and 2019 but in some cases earlier, due to lack of available data. We then assess correlations with strength of democracy indices and extend Hallin and Mancini's typology of North American and European media systems through hierarchical cluster analysis of these 33 countries. We find five models of public media systems around the world, ranging from "state-administered" systems with low levels of independence (Botswana and Tunisia) to systems aligning with Hallin and Mancini's "Democratic Corporatist" model, with strong and secure (multiyear) funding, large audience shares, and strong regulatory protection for their independence. In between, we identify three mixed models: a "Liberal-Pluralist" model, a "Direct Funding" model, and a "Commercial-Public" model. Correlations and cluster analyses show that high levels of secure funding for public media systems and strong structural protections for the political and economic independence of those systems are consistently and positively correlated with healthy democracies.

A relação entre a política e a mídia sempre foi muito intensa. E, ao que tudo indica, a tensão entre ambos será cada vez maior, uma vez que a mídia ocupa um espaço mais significativo e passa a exercer um papel protagonista neste processo, ou seja, a mídia passa a tecer decisões e criar sentidos que perpassam a sociedade, deixando de ser apenas enunciadora dos acontecimentos. Com isso, o poder político (e seus atores) entra em crise, pois precisam se adequar aos modos de saber, de ser e de fazer do universo midiático. Nesse contexto, em 2010, uma candidata à Presidência da República, que tem o apoio especial do presidente Lula, aparece como um elemento de afirmação da mulher no lugar de disputa pelo poder.
O objetivo não é refletir sobre a qualidade do que está sendo representado pela mídia, e sim desvendar os processos simbólicos de representação, aquilo que está sendo criado, reelaborado, reaproveitado. Assim, desvendamos as “operações de sentido” colocadas em prática pelos jornais analisados.
No posfácio é feita uma breve leitura do momento que antecede as eleições de 2014, buscando relações com a eleição anterior e atualizando as representações de Dilma Rousseff para 2014.
Este livro é resultado da tese de doutoramento defendida na Unisinos, intitulada “Dilma Rousseff como candidata à presidência: estratégias midiáticas de Zero Hora (RS) e Folha de S. Paulo (RS)”.

In 1998, in a paper in which he explained the mechanisms used in Hollywood to divide the revenue generated by feature films among different stakeholders, Mark Weinstein (1998) argued that only ten to twenty percent of these projects actually were showing a positive figure under the heading “net profits”. Ten years later, the United Nations (2998) also acknowledged that; as it was widely recognized, yet without mentioning any empirical study that might corroborate the use of such a precise figure, only 20 percent of movies were making a profit. Moreover, as this report informed, the surplus generated by these extremely successful projects was so large that it offset the cumulated losses generated by the remaining 80 percent of feature films. The implications of the existence of uncontested and long lasting belief about the high risks that companies in the filmmaking business have to face and overcome, should not to be neglected: when policy makers accept that the outcome of a movie is highly unpredictable and the gap in terms of income between a success and a failure can be substantial, they are also more inclined to accept concentration in this sector as a way to reduce risk and increase investments. Epstein‟s book “The Hollywood Economist: The Hidden Financial Reality Behind the Movies” does not reveal what percentage of feature film is likely to pass the break-even point, nor it denies that filmmaking can be a risky business in financial terms. The main contribution to knowledge from this book comes from his explanation of the financial practices of the producers-distributors that are now part of the largest info-entertainment conglomerates and are the descendent of the major Hollywood studios (i.e. the „Majors‟). After reading this book, the reader will understand that making movies for these companies and for the conglomerates they are part of, is a rather stable, low-risk and very profitable activity.

This Paper explores and summarises the Director's Duties of the UK Companies Act 2006 with emphasis on "the duty to promote the success of the company.

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This chapter sets out to examine not only how media structures have de- veloped and what they actually mean but also why the structures themselves reflect sociocultural assemblages, in Turkey’s case, favouring a media that serves to protect dominant values—the family, the state, the nation and Islam—that is, a privileging of media as an expression of community col- laboration over individual rights and freedom of expression. To do so, we utilize the idea of status as it relates to values in the framework of Values and Status Negotiation theory, VSN, discussed in the section below (for a fuller elaboration, see Introduction in this volume). This is followed by a brief history of the media’s regulatory and legal frameworks not only as they project Turkish state values but also as they have redefined the range of accepted journalistic coverage as those values have been resignified through contestation and ideological repositioning. The final section looks at the role of the courts in the context of structuring media status, offering a case study of the triangular relationship between the executive, the judiciary and the communication sector.

Hitler, bir süre sonra kendisini doğuran II Wilhelm'i zehirletip Führer oldu. Meclisi yaktı, başkan oldu. Orduyu korkuttu. Kontrol bitti ve yıkımı kimse engelleyemedi. Allah, Malikül Mülk'tür. Gasp ettiğiniz mülk sizin değil, Allah'ın mülkü. Öğrendiğiniz ilim Allah'ın, Alimdir, Allemdir. İddianız nedir? Nietzsche öldü, Tanrı ölmedi. Hitler ve Stalin, 65 milyon insanın ölümüne yol açtı. Almanya 2 defa yıkıldı. Nietzsche: Despotluğun sonu ölümdür. Ölümlerin vebalidir. Erdoğan ile yol açılan skandal global ölçekli. Nietzsche, Mistik ve Sufi geleneğe hakimdi, transcendence ile insanların süper insan olabildiğini biliyordu. O halde Hitler neye lazımdı? Her birey ayrı bir dünyadır ve bir Tiran’ın kölesi olmayı ebedi ruhlar kabul edemez. İsyan çıkacaktır.
Nietzsche'nin çözüm önerilerinden biri şuydu. Yüksek İnsan. Bu maddi değildi, maneviydi. İdeolojileri çöpe atmış, özgür insan kazanacaktır, insanlık ölmedi, mertlik ölmedi. Hizmet camiası bunu ispatlıyor. Erenler sabırlarıyla isyan etmeyerek zalimlere en büyük dersi veriyor. Yaptıkları zulümler, ölümler ve yıkımlarla Stalin ve Hitler, Nietzsche'yi haklı çıkardı. Bu firavunlar insanların inançlarını yok etti. Erdoğan kadar insanları münafıklığa ve dinsizliğe sevk eden ikinci bir Süfyan tarihte olmadığı için Büyük Süfyan diyorum. Ahirzamandaki Deccal.
Nietzsche, Kral II Wilhelm'in Hitler'i doğuracağını gördü. Bizde Erdoğan Hitlerini Çevik Bir doğurdu ama görmek istemiyor AKPli domuzlar! Çıkarlarına göre yontuyorlar herşeyi. İslam davaları yok, Allahları yok, imanları gösteriş budalalığından ibaret. İç savaşı kim kazanır diye soruyorlar. Nietzsche'ye göre siz toplum olarak TSK içinde toptan kaybetmişsiniz bunca domuzluklara susarak. Dilsiz şeytan oldunuz. Tüm maskaralıklar sergilenirken,  Askeri Vesayet, ÖKK yapısını Türkiye geneline yaydı ve sayısı 40 bine çıktı. TSK'nın dindarlarını 15 Temmuz tiyatrosuyla domuzca kesti. Ordu da olan budur. Profesyonel ordu için zaten orduda personel sayısını azaltacaklardı, piyongo dindar insanlara vurdu ve Peygamber Ocağı kesildi, doğrandı. Öte yandan Özel Harp Komutanlığı aşırı büyütüldü ve darbenin merkezi oldu. ÖKK Başkanı Zekai Aksakallı bu nedenle mahkemeden kaçırılıyor ve soru sorulmasına izin verilmiyor.
Erdoğan eğer yaptığı hırsızlıklar ve tekfirci teröründe tek olsaydı, çoktan Askeri Vesayet onu yakalardı. Ancak polisleri hapse attılar! IŞİD’i yazan gazeteciler hapiste, 180 medya organı kapatıldı. 9 bin akademisyen işinde edildi. Hakimler ve savcılardan teröre karşı olanlar safdışı bırakıldı, meslekten ihraç edildi. Bunca domuzlukları cemaatcı yaftası ile örtüyorlar. Açığa alınan 140 general çıkıpta F.. ci değiliz açıkca demiyor, diyenleri de dinleyen yok. Toplum öylesine hipnoz ve uyuşmuş halde ki Melih Gökçek ve Kadir Topbaş'ın neden MİT baronlarına hemen 1 milyar dolar verdiğini sormuyor, sorgulamıyor. Yazacak gazeteci ve akademisyen kalmadı, yazsa bile okuyucuya sesleri ulaşmıyor. Sis perdesi kaldırılmıyor. Sosyolog olarak Nietzsche uzmanlık alanlarımdandır. Neden sevdiğimi anladım. Tüm teorileri bana uyuyor. Askeri Vesayet sizleri kandırdı ve bunları yazmak ilmimin borcudur. Yazmazsam uyuyamam.
Nietzsche neden Tanrı öldü yazdı mezarına biliyor musunuz? Bu askeri despotların domuzluklarını gördü, sivil kuklayla oynanan oyunları da! Aynı senaryo devrede. Sonunda Nietzsche gibi davranmaya karar verdim. Çaldıklarını geri vermeyecekler, zira kullanan Askeri Vesayet hiç bu kadar güçlenmemişti. AKPli çakallar askeri darbeyi durdurduk diye kendilerini aldatıyor veya böyle avunmak işlerine geliyor. Uzun süre bunu topluma duyurup duyurmamak için kendimle savaştım. Erdoğan ve Karargah, 15 Temmuz'u neden beraber organize etti sandınız? Haramilikte terörde ortak olmasalar ülkemizde bunlar hapiste olurlardı. King Kong haline getirilen Erdoğan ile sizden gizlenen gerçek, yobazca dini istismar edilerek sizden çalınanların askeriyede kullanıldığını saklıyorlar. Bu vatanperverlik mi, değil mi? Bazılarına göre vatanseverlik. Bazılarına göre masum insanlara yapılan zulümle kanla iktidar hayvanlık.
Nietzsche, Alman gazeteci ve düşünür olarak tüm ideolojileri çöpe atmayı topluma önerdi. Aksi halde dünya savaşlarında hepsi öleceklerdi. Öyle de oldu zaten. Nietzsche, Hitler'in doğuşuna giden faşizmin yanında aşırı fonlanan Askeri yapılanmaya Militar despotizm adını verdi. Canavar doğurmuştu! Nietzsche, daha Hitler ve Stalin ortada yok iken, Alman askeri yapılanmasının dünya savaşlarına yol açacağını ve yıkım yaşanacağını gördü. Öngörülerinin hepsi doğru çıktı. Almanlar toptan battılar. Amerikan kölesi oldular 1944 sonrası. Karargah ve Erdoğan anlaşmalı olarak Military Totaliter State yapısını Başkanlıkla kuruyorlar. Büyük tiyatro çevrildi, rüyadasınız Hitler efendiler. SS’leriniz ÖKK elemanları oldu. Akeşkiyalarla tolumu korkuyup sindirip tüm günahları ve veballeri kin ve nefreti onlara yönlendirdiniz. Cemaatı günah keçisi yapı şeytanlaştırdınız. Asılşeytanar sizlersiniz. Erdoğan, siyasi ve dini rakibimi yok ediyorum diye zaten 50 yıldır kin ve nefret duyduğu Hizmet’i bitirmeyi gönüllü üstlendi. Buna Nazi Fascism and the Modern Totalitarian State deniyor... Friedrich Nietzsche'nin Military Totalitarianism teorisi, 1. ve 2. Dünya savaşlarındaki ölümler ve yıkımlarla net anlaşılmıştı.
Rus tipi diktatörlük Askeri Vesayet projesi!
Kim Allah’a ve Peygamber’e itaat ederse; işte onlar Peygamberlerle, sıddıklarla, Şehidlerle, sâlihlerle beraberdirler. (Nisâ: 69)
ALTIN SÖZ: “Öyle hâdiseler olur ki, onları mücerret imanla aşmak mümkün olamayabilir. İşte o zaman kadere rıza kurtarıcı bir simit olur" Fethullah Gülen Hocaefendi.
Adaletsizliğe şahit olup göz yuman insanlar birgün haysiyetini kaybetmeye mahkumdur. Cemaatin tek suçu bu milletin mafya, harami ve sapık seviciliğini unutarak tekrar ilim, bilim,sanat,sevgi ve hoşgürüyü hatırlatmasıdır. Bir fert bile hakkını helâl etmezse katiyen Cennet'e giremezler... "Öküz Tahta çıkarsa kral olmaz ama ülke ahıra döner." Hâkim olan yalnızca Allah'tır. Eğer bu millet aklını başına alıp bu oyunu bozmazsa, Türkiye'de rejim değişecek ve ülke geriye dönüşü olmayan bir kaosun içine atılacak. 15 temmuzla -Gerçek darbeciler KHK gibi kanunlarla ülkeyi esir aldı. Kendini milletine adamış vatan evlatlarına iftirayla kumpas kurup tutuklamak istediler ama bu kumpas çökecektir. Allah'ım(cc) Hizmetimize zarar vermek isteyenler kim ise onları Sana(cc) havale ediyoruz. Tanzanya'ya Türk okullarının kapatılması karşılığında 400 km demir yolu sözü vermiş. Hayatı rüşvet ve şantaj etrafında dönüyor. Gülen Hocaefendi gibi kâmil insanların hayatları, hep hürriyet mücadelesi ile geçmiştir.
Her geçen saniye sabrediyorum... Ama o günü de bekliyorum... Yaktığınız yerden de cayır cayır yanasınız diyede Rabbime duâ ediyorum...

Astghik Shams Avetisyan
“Public Relations” Lections
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Have a nice reading.

This paper utilizes a nationally representative survey to gauge the ways in which media users engage with their local newspapers by using features that allow for sharing, liking, and commenting. The main results indicate that significant predictors for different types of news engagement vary, but that age and education emerge as two of the more interesting varieties. Implications are discussed—for instance, how both psychological and behavioral experiences constitute the concept engagement and how our results challenge the technology-optimistic argument that social media presence on a newspaper website promotes audience engagement in the journalistic process.