International Management

A pesquisa em internacionalização varejista (IV) passou por intensa fase de desenvolvimento desde a década de 1990, dominada por pesquisas de natureza quantitativa e com base na experiência de varejistas de grandes formatos, como supermercados.  Entretanto, a internacionalização do setor varejista evoluiu em bases que os modelos existentes não têm sido capazes de explicar, gerando uma demanda por pesquisas com métodos mais profundos de conhecimento.  O resultado foi um notório aumento de artigos publicados desde o início da década de 2000 baseados pesquisas de natureza exploratória e qualitativa, como estudos de caso. Este artigo pretende responder identificar quais foram as contribuições no conhecimento sobre IV oriundas de estudos de caso.  Com base na literatura disponível, 42 artigos foram selecionados, sumariados e discutidos com vistas à identificação das contribuições mais relevantes para diferentes tipos varejistas, bem como para assuntos em IV ainda pouco pesquisados.

Increased globalisation within the British AEC sector has augmented the need for transferring UK nationals to manage overseas operations. To be able to perform abroad, expatriates have to harmonise themselves with the conditions prevailing in the host country which includes getting accustomed to living, working and interacting with the host country nationals. This process is commonly referred to as 'crosscultural adjustment'. To identify key factors influencing adjustment, a qualitative study was undertaken which mainly ...

With a diverse sample (N = 231 paired responses) of employees from various organizations in Pakistan, the authors tested for the main effects of perceived organizational politics and psychological capital on turnover intentions, job satisfaction, and supervisor-rated job performance. They also examined the moderating influence of psychological capital in the politics–outcomes relationships. Results provided good support for the proposed hypotheses. While perceived organizational politics was associated with all outcomes, psychological capital had a significant relationship with job satisfaction and supervisor-rated performance only. As hypothesized, the negative relationship of perceived organizational politics with job satisfaction and supervisor-rated performance was weaker when psychological capital was high. However, the result for turnover intentions was counter to expectations where the politics–turnover intention relationship was stronger when psychological capital was high.

International and domestic fishing have always been intimately connected. As a result, a given society's fishery law generally reflects international realities, including its relationship with international fishery laws. In the future, however, domestic fishery laws are likely to be affected and perhaps even change substantially, because some of the consequences of international fishery management oversights and impacts on domestic fishery management, although those impacts will vary from country to country. This paper examines the roles of international and domestic fishery management laws in addressing fishery conservation and management problems, including inadequate fisheries regulations, lack of implementation or enforcement, lack of transparency and traceability, failure to follow scientific advice, flag of convenience vessels, and too few no-go areas for fishing. The discussion begins with a closer examination of provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act. From a legal perspective, however, the subject of fishery conservation and management is made more complex by the fact that the existing legal regimes under international agreements, and national legislations themselves vary considerably. As such, two issues regarding the role of international fishery law in domestic fishery management are likely to emerge as most critical: the extent to which international fishery law provides for flexibility in how domestic fishery law affect fishery conversation and management; and the extent to which domestic fishery law and management system both can adapt existing international legal regime to changing ecological realities and can increase the short-term and long-term resilience of the overall condition of the nation's fisheries.

Entering into force on 1 July, 2002, the Rome Statute established the International Criminal Court (ICC) with jurisdiction over the most serious crimes of concern to the international community: genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes. It is not the purpose of this paper to explore the differences between these crimes, for such there are many detailed accounts that explain the distinctive and the circumstances in which they occur. This paper is concerned with the way in which the ICC has been conducting its work in Africa, and it does this in four parts. The first part details key aspects of the legislation underpin¬ning the ICC and outlines some of the criticisms of the ICC's conduct in Africa. The second part explores the difficult relationships the court has with the African Union, discussing the impacts of this for the effective working of the ICC on the continent. The third part examines debates around the ICC's wider impact, particularly on states transitioning from violence. The paper concludes with a short discussion on the future for the ICC in Africa, outlining some potential solutions to the difficulties it faces.

Though State-Owned Multinational Enterprises (SOMNEs) make up
around 15% of the world´s largest non-financial Multinational Enterprises (MNEs), little is known about why State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) internationalize and how they behave once abroad. Whilst some scholars have claimed SOMNEs tend to behave as their private MNE counterparts, other scholars state SOMNEs transfer their “public mission” abroad. This article presents a novel, multi-dimensional framework designed to facilitate comparing the behaviour of SOEs and private enterprises abroad in the field of infrastructure.

This paper addresses some issues regarding virtual learning and the future of traditional universities. Specifically, it considers these issues by reflecting on the following: First, it focuses on the repercussions of information technologies for teaching and learning in "cross-cultural" courses. It critically assesses, via three recent examples, how these approaches influence teaching and learning in the context of international management courses. Second, drawing from the above examples, the paper reflects more broadly on the implications of these technologies: (1) for new forms of knowing and knowledge production; and (2) for the future of institutional conditions of universities. Much has been written in recent years about upcoming changes in universities as information technologies become easily available and increasingly sophisticated. What would be the future of these technologies and how would they affect the university is, nonetheless, still widely debated. For in...

The purpose of this article is to explain what factors, from the viewpoint of the Visegrad Group countries, were important determinants in outward FDI. Referring to the eclectic theory of Dunning and the theory of economic development, we decided to answer the question about the determinants for host country choice. We decided to check whether an augmentation of the classical gravity model of international trade allows one to identify push and pull FDI factors. The panel data approach using the Hausman-Taylor estimator was applied in the empirical analysis. The general results allowed us to verify the main hypothesis positively, but some anomalies were observed. In some cases, despite globalisation processes, distance seems to be still a barrier against investment. Decisions concerning the selection of the host country are usually determined by the size of the market measured by GDP per capita, labour productivity. It has been empirically proven that membership in the EMU and the EU...

The aim of the article is to present the results of the research study of management and work cultures in Poland and Ukraine that was conducted in 2016. The author analyses similarities and differences in organizational behaviours in three aspects:1) management style – in both cultures respondents pointed out hierarchical style as dominating, but in the case of Poland in a lesser degree than in the case of Ukraine.2) team work – in both cultures collectivistic approach in team- work is predominating, thus co-workers help each other and appre- ciate good atmosphere (harmony).3) communication style – people in both cultures communicate emotionally, however Poles express their more through higher and emotional voice, whereas Ukrainians express their feelings also via body language.Commonly Polish and Ukrainian cultures are regarded as very close as both countries have the same religious, cultural and ethnic roots. Ukrainians and Poles manifest a number of the same organiza- tional beha...

Le concept de responsabilité sociale des entreprises (RSE) est culturellement et historiquement situé. Sa genèse et son autonomisation se sont faites en prenant appui sur les piliers et caractéristiques de la société américaine : prégnance de la dimension éthique et volontaire, orientation individualiste. L’expansion géographique de ce concept posela question de son adaptation hors de son origine et/ou de son enrichissement théorique au contact des autres cultures. Bien que la RSE soit un produit culturel, la dimension culturelle est absente de sa théorisation. Les recherches empiriques dans ce domaine sont quasi- inexistantes. D’où cette interrogation : dans quelle mesure les réalités culturelles africaines peuvent-elles nourrir un renouvellement théorique ouvrant sur une approche interculturelle de la RSE en général et de la théorie des parties prenantes (TPP), en particulier ? L’identification des limites de la TPP conduit à décrire une pratique non-occidentale de dialogue avec les parties prenantes, celle de la médiation en Afrique subsaharienne. Une recherche-action menée en 2013 dans le secteur aurifère au Burkina Faso confirme l’intérêt de prendre en compte la dimension interculturelle pour contribuer à renouveler et à enrichir les courants théoriques dominants dans le domaine de la RSE, et en particulier de la TPP.

Rezumat. În contextul economic actual în care criza își face încă resimțită prezența, iar activitățile economice ale instituțiilor economice au depășit de mult granițele naționale încercând să acapareze noi piețe de desfacere, imaginea pe care și-o creează aceste instituții joacă un rol din ce în ce mai important. De aceea numeroase instituții economice încearcă să-și construiască o imagine favorabilă în mediul în care activează, imagine care poate reprezenta un avantaj competitiv pe piață, de cele mai multe ori decisiv. Se poate observa că tot mai multe firme încep să investească sume din ce în ce mai mari în imaginea lor și acordă mai multă atenție decât în trecut relației cu angajații, clienții, partenerii de afaceri, instituțiile publice etc. Astfel se poate observa că imaginea joacă un rol cheie în dezvoltarea economică actuală, de ea depinzând succesul sau eșecul în afaceri al multor firme. Chiar și în cazul atragerii de investiții străine în țara noastră se vorbește adesea de...

DOI: 10.21276/sjebm.2018.5.10.4 Abstract: This study was purposed to investigate the effects of culture and market pressures on outsourcing performance with specific reference to Yahweh God’s Will Limited in Nigeria. The study was therefore, anchored on four specific research questions which were centred on the extent to which culture affect outsourcing performance of a company, the impacts of market pressures on outsourcing performance, the factors that affect the implementation of outsourcing and the extent to which outsourcing affects Yahweh God’s Will Limited’s performance. Based on these questions, the research employed a pragmatic philosophy to allow the researcher use the method that best suits the situation at the particular point of execution. Also, the research made use of both qualitative and quantitative data collection methods using surveys (questionnaires and interview) to enhance data triangulation. A total of 61 participants were selected for the study while only 58 ...

This research aims to determine consumer preference factors when purchasing Jakarta's online food delivery services. Research methods: This study uses a comparative quantitative method. Data was obtained by distributing online questionnaires via Google form to 100 users of Online Food Delivery Services (Grab-Food et al.) in Jakarta. In this study, the sample was determined by purposive sampling. Researchers conducted a oneway ANOVA test to see if there were differences in respondents' preferences. The preference factors used are transaction, price, and promotion. Results and discussion: Research has been conducted to understand consumer preferences in popular food delivery services such as Go-Food, GrabFood, and ShopeeFood. Understanding these preferences is critical for companies to tailor their services and offerings to meet their customers' needs and expectations better. The research results show differences in consumer preferences when choosing online food delivery services. Implication: By leveraging this research, all stakeholders can contribute to a more competitive, user-friendly, and innovative food delivery landscape. Go-Food, Grab-Food, and Shopee-Food can continue to innovate, develop transaction systems so that users are more comfortable making transactions when using the Food Delivery Service application, provide prices according to the quality provided, and take a more innovative and creative promotional approach so that many users can know the promotion.

Transformative learning has developed over the last 25 years into a leading theory of adult learning. This paper describes what we learned from an appreciative cooperative inquiry of people’s experience in groups exploring faith, race and gender diversity. The inquiry itself created transformative dialogic moments. Transformational learning is framed from a relational perspective. Introduction The capacity to engage the story of another whose social group identity (including race, faith, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, nationality) is different and perhaps less dominant than one’s own, commands a level of coordinating meaning that is quite complex. Coordinating complex layers of meaning requires one to suspend judgment and to suspend a commitment to one’s essential truth to consider different, and potentially contradicting narratives. Such a process is challenging enough between two individuals. The process becomes even more challenging at increasing levels of complexity of r...

This paper advances research on SME internationalization decision‐making through considering the relevance of its context. It systematically reviews empirical studies, together with conceptual papers and other reviews in related disciplines, in order to identify gaps in the literature. This provides the basis for an analytical framework that incorporates four aspects of context (decision, decision‐makers, firm and environment), two stages of the decision process (decision‐making and implementation), and two sets of outcomes (decision and organizational outcomes). The paper argues that greater theoretical integration is possible through examining the links between these factors in the light of insights from several perspectives. It also offers a number of specific contributions within its overall objective of advancing future research on decision‐making of internationalizing SMEs through its contextualization.

This paper addresses some issues regarding virtual learning and the future of traditional universities. Specifically, it considers these issues by reflecting on the following: First, it focuses on the repercussions of information technologies for teaching and learning in "cross-cultural" courses. It critically assesses, via three recent examples, how these approaches influence teaching and learning in the context of international management courses. Second, drawing from the above examples, the paper reflects more broadly on the implications of these technologies: (1) for new forms of knowing and knowledge production; and (2) for the future of institutional conditions of universities. Much has been written in recent years about upcoming changes in universities as information technologies become easily available and increasingly sophisticated. What would be the future of these technologies and how would they affect the university is, nonetheless, still widely debated. For in...

Over the last decade and a half, the study on transformational leadership in any organizational settings has gone through a significant evolution in terms of theory development as well as empirical investigations. Many researchers have now embarked on the study, both from the global perspective and from the Islamic perspective. Islam is the concept of leadership is interrelated to trust (amanah) which signifies a psychological contract between a leader and his followers whereby the leader will do his best to guide, protect and treat them fairly and with justice. As a result, our knowledge about this leadership style has deepened, and there are several dominant theories that are now established paradigms in the leadership field. Despite the development there is numerous magnitudes of these leadership forms that we still don’t know very much. Hence, it is only proper that we examine where we need to go into the future. Leaders play the primary role in establishing and motivating emplo...

Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) are important service providers of finance for unbanked people and have experienced a high growth over the past decades. Alongside the staggering growth of microfinance around the world, there have been some serious complaints of unfair practices and low transparency in their affairs. Therefore, it is questionable whether microfinance contributes to a true reduction in worldwide poverty in the short or long terms. This study examines the corporate governance practices of microfinance institutions (MFIs) in India and their relationship with both financial performance and outreach for the period 2007 to 2012. Using unbalanced panel data for 575 firm-year observations, we report that the financial performance and outreach of Indian MFIs improves when they have international/donor representation on their board. Independent directors and client representatives on board perform favourably on financial performance but no impact on outreach. However, female ...

With the advent of globalisation, all firms, large or small have become global, they ceased to be local. Even those organisations who consider themselves immune to transactions across geographical boundaries are connected to the wider network globally and this has encouraged many multinational companies to extend their operations to other countries by establishing subsidiary companies in other countries. For these companies to do well, sound human capital management practices must be embraced. This paper therefore examines the trends in global human resource management practices, as well as the functions and challenges. As a conceptual paper, it is based on review of scholarly articles with a focus on creating a local appeal without compromising the global identity; generating awareness of cross-cultural sensitivities among managers globally and hiring of staff across geographical boundaries; and upon cultural sensitivities, training and development for the host communities. It conc...

Self-renewal, self-organization, autopoiesis and related concepts have become quite popular in strategic change research. These concepts point at the importance of deeper structures of rules governing human behavior in organizations. This article describes the results of a study dealing with the role of management teams in strategic change processes, using the perspective of self-renewal. The results are summarized in a conceptual model of managerial behavior in the context of strategic change. The key concept is the repertoire of top management, which involves a set of recursively applied rules that govern managerial behavior. Management repertoires become institutionalized and relatively successful in particular contexts. The model describes forces contributing to the inertia, breakdown and formation of repertoires of management teams. The most important implication is that management teams could profit from trying to recognize the deeper rules governing their behavior. Managers s...

Cette étude analyse le management international des talents par les entreprises dans une perspective institutionnelle. Elle est réalisée auprès de managers d’entreprises du Conseil de Coopération du Golfe (CCG). Dans ces pays, les problématiques d’emploi sont typiquement internationales et différentes du contexte occidental. Les difficultés du management des talents sont interprétées en examinant les conflits de logiques institutionnelles en jeu. Dans l’ensemble des entreprises, la nationalisation de la main d’oeuvre gêne la mise en oeuvre des programmes. Dans les entreprises régionales et locales, l’influence du contexte socio-culturel est un obstacle majeur mais des évolutions sont perceptibles.