International Management

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to contribute to a critical approach of the identification and rejection strategies in discourses and practices of a “global elite” of business leaders and managers. Design/methodology/approach – A literature review of mainstream and more critical management and sociology literature on global or transnational elites and classes is presented. The identification and rejection discursive strategies of some (French) multinational corporations’ managers and internationalization agents are then empirically and qualitatively observed and analyzed. Findings – The findings are interpreted under the following strategies: constructive strategies, reproductive and legitimizing strategies and exclusion strategies. Some members of the global elite deploy a cosmopolitan and welcoming discourse to not only identify legitimate members of that class but also turn this discourse into one of exclusion, that is, find ways through language, and practice, to exclude ...

Executive summary: Exploring alternative feasible futures through engaging in a collaborative futures scenario development process has identified and prioritized a series of Key Actions for the ECI and its member organisations over the next 10 to 20 years. The very real challenges of how to most effectively address uncertain futures and rapidly changing working environments catalysed this work. The ECI Futures Task Force worked alongside the Big Ideas research team at Loughborough University to investigate and debate the ...

ABSTRACT
The role of training and education in the development of senior management and leaders is critical to the long-term development of organisations. This paper seeks to explore and discuss the methods used for training and developing senior and executive managers across Africa, China, Europe and the Middle East. The paper outlines the methods used to identify training needs, selection of trainers and trainees, curriculum development and implementation of delivery. The paper further considers the evaluation criteria used to gauge the success of training in meeting training needs and provides an insight into the challenges faced by course designers and deliverers. The paper uses evidence collected over a five-year period between 2005-2009 on groups of senior managers and executives receiving training in the UK, sponsored by both British and other national governments. The paper has found little difference in the manner in which curriculum has been developed and how trainees are selected. However, the training needs and the identification of trainers have shown differences in approach and selection. Whilst there is evidence to suggest that training needs have been met, this is only in the short term and long-term needs are yet to be addressed. Furthermore, in support of long-term objectives, the ability to recognise and accommodate religion and culture remain areas necessitating further understanding.

ABSTRAK
Peranan yang dimainkan oleh latihan dan pendidikan dalam perkembangan pengurusan kanan dan pemimpin adalah kritikal bagi perkembangan jangka panjang organisasi. Kertas kajian ini bertujuan meneliti dan membincangkan kaedah yang digunakan untuk melatih dan membentuk para pengurus eksekutif dan kanan di Afrika, China, Eropah dan Timur Tengah. Kertas ini menggariskan kaedah yang digunakan bagi mengenal pasti keperluan latihan, pemilihan pelatih dan jurulatih, perkembangan kurikulum dan pelaksanaan penyampaian. Kertas ini juga meneliti kriteria penilaian yang digunakan bagi menilai kejayaan sesuatu latihan dalam memenuhi keperluan latihan dan seterusnya memberikan tanggapan tentang cabaran yang bakal dihadapi oleh pereka kursus dan para penyampai. Kertas ini menggunakan bukti yang dikumpul bagi tempoh lima tahun antara 2005-2009 bagi kumpulan-kumpulan pengurus kanan dan eksekutif yang menerima latihan di UK, yang ditaja oleh kedua-dua kerajaan British dan kerajaan-kerajaan lain. Kertas ini mendapati terdapatnya perbezaan yang kecil antara cara kurikulum dibentuk dan cara pelatih dipilih. Walau bagaimanapun, daripada segi keperluan latihan dan pengenalpastian jurulatih, terdapat perbezaan daripada sudut kaedah dan pemilihan. Walaupun terdapat bukti yang menunjukkan bahawa keperluan latihan sudah dipenuhi, namun ia hanya berbentuk jangka pendek dan keperluan jangka panjang masih belum dipenuhi. Selain itu, dalam menyokong objektif jangka panjang, keupayaan untuk menambil kira dan seterusnya memasukkan agama dan kebudayaan masih menjadi bidang yang memerlukan pemahaman lanjut.

“Cross Cultural Perspectives of Decision-making and Control in Multinational Corporations operating in ASEAN”, Refereed Proceedings of  the 2000 Conference of  Australian – New Zealand  International Business  Academy , October 12 & 14, 2000, pp. 491 – 498, ISBN 0-908689-65-9, Auckland, New Zealand. (With M. Sadiq  Sohail)

Most risk management activity in the healthcare sector is retrospective, based on learning from experience. This is feasible where the risks are routine, but emergency operations plans (EOP) guide the response to events that are both high risk and rare. Under these circumstances, it is important to get the response right the first time, but learning from experience is usually not an option. This case study presents the rationale for taking a proactive approach to improving healthcare organizations' EOP. It demonstrates how the Prospective Hazard Analysis (PHA) Toolkit can drive organizational learning and argues that this toolkit may lead to more efficient improvement than drills and exercises.

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Hennepin County’s Human Services and Public Health Department strategic direction has been a commitment focused on developing client-centered solutions, addressing disparities, strengthening partnerships and collaborations, driving business innovation, and responding to emerging issues (HCHSD). Minneapolis’ Somali immigrant population is facing some of the most catastrophic health care concerns as it pertains to cancer and the prevention and early detection. I am submitting to Hennepin County a proposal for feasibility study on Somali women’s health care.

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to comprehensively explore marketing issues for foreign industrial companies of large, small and medium size entering emerging markets (EMs), particularly transition economies in Eastern Europe. The vast majority of current studies about emerging markets focus only on defining suitable strategies related to large consumer goods corporations.

Design/methodology/approach
The research adopted a multiple case study approach. Five Italian companies belonging to different business-to-business industries that have entered emerging countries in Eastern Europe were selected for investigation.

Findings
Empirical analysis uncovered recurring issues related to: institutional factors causing market uncertainty and instability; difficulties in building a sales network; a need for product adaptation to guarantee satisfactory performance; choices related to communication, branding and trade fairs; and considerations about competition and first mover advantage. Results can be interpreted as an extension of the analysis of institutional voids by Khanna and Palepu (1997).

Research limitations/implications
The study is based on the analysis of five case studies of companies operating in specific emerging markets, namely in Eastern Europe Countries (EEc) Further research based on different samples and different emerging countries is needed before generalizing results.

Practical implications
The study shows that the main institutional void affecting business-to-business companies entering emerging markets (EEc) is the lack of locally developed sales and after-sales networks. This institutional void slows the entry process of business-to-business companies in EMs. Given these constraints, from the perspective of business-to-business SMEs, it may be fruitful to pursue niche positioning in EMs.

Originality/value
The study analyzes emerging markets opportunities and entry strategies from the business-to-business marketing perspective, uncovering the most critical issues.

Using objective measures of investor protections in 170 countries, I establish that the level of investor protection matters for cross-country differences in GDP growth: countries with stronger protections tend to grow faster than those with poor investor protections.

As a result of globalization, one of the most major issues affecting the success of projects would be the formation of a multicultural project management style. As projects leaders continue to lead global, multicultural projects, there is a demand for managing a workforce that is more diverse than ever. The multi-generational workforce has distinct views on work ethic, communication and incentives; finding common ground is essential. As the world of multinational projects is rapidly developing new concepts and methodologies are being introduced, especially in the management direction, as well as, the serious need for the use of engineering management modern practices. In many developing countries now the mega projects are multicultural projects different designers, contractors, subcontractors and suppliers from all over the world work together to achieve excellence but such projects bring with it many challenges on how all these people from different background, different laws, poli...

RESUMO: O conflito instaurado entre Rússia e Ucrânia repercute na comunidade internacional. A anexação da Criméia à Federação Russa e a existência de conflito armado requer considerações jurídicas, políticas e econômicas. Considerando essa problemática, propõe-se uma análise sobre o Direito Internacional Público, os princípios da segurança, estabilidade e previsibilidade internacionais. Diante da situação imposta pelo conflito, alvitra-se uma crítica sobre o desrespeito aos direitos humanos, a soberania das nações, como sujeitos de direitos e ao posicionamento da comunidade internacional em relação às nações envolvidas.

The model explains a linear path that all countries undertake in development, the crux is that based on analyzing a country it is possible to classify it. The problematics emerges with countries that have developed without necessarily taking the stated path. What happened? This is  crtical analysis of the Rostow's theory.

Case studies were employed as research tools, for undergraduate and MBA students for 25+ years. The International Management course was taught in two classes at an undergraduate Business program. Channel of Distribution course was given at a MBA program. Real-world examples were utilized and applied in class whenever applicable. Students did final projects individually or in a team, by employing case studies via library and internet search. Class evaluations indicated that the case studies enhanced significantly their overall learning experience. Students rated the courses good to excellent. This paper gave the summary.

The role of training and education in the development of senior management and leaders is critical to the long-term development of organisations. This paper seeks to explore and discuss the methods used for training and developing senior and executive managers across Africa, China, Europe and the Middle East. The paper outlines the methods used to identify training needs, selection of trainers and trainees, curriculum development and implementation of delivery. The paper further considers the evaluation criteria used to gauge the success of training in meeting training needs and provides an insight into the challenges faced by course designers and deliverers. The paper uses evidence collected over a five-year period between 2005-2009 on groups of senior managers and executives receiving training in the UK, sponsored by both British and other national governments. The paper has found little difference in the manner in which curriculum has been developed and how trainees are selected....

ABB, a Swiss-Swedish electrotechnical giant, has been heralded as a new kind of international enterprise, using an innovative matrix and lean management to combine global resources with decentralized local presence. Starting from a criticism of the “process school” in international management research, the article demonstrates the validity of Chandler's insistence on analysing organizational structure from the perspective of corporate strategy. The argument is elaborated in a comparison of ABB and GEC-Alsthom, another electrotechnical cross-border merger with a very different strategy and structure. The importance of a dynamic analysis is emphasized and illustrated by an account of the development within one business area, Power Transformers. The emergence of a third dimension, in addition to the two-dimensional matrix, is another example of organizational dynamics within ABB. The conclusion points to the gap between competitive realities and the ideal of the transnational corporation

This article examines five common misunderstandings about case-study research: (a) theoretical knowledge is more valuable than practical knowledge; (b) one cannot generalize from a single case, therefore, the single-case study cannot contribute to scientific development; (c) the case study is most useful for generating hypotheses, whereas other methods are more suitable for hypotheses testing and theory building; (d) the case study contains a bias toward verification; and (e) it is often difficult to summarize specific case studies. This article explains and corrects these misunderstandings one by one and concludes with the Kuhnian insight that a scientific discipline without a large number of thoroughly executed case studies is a discipline without systematic production of exemplars, and a discipline without exemplars is an ineffective one. Social science may be strengthened by the execution of a greater number of good case studies.

The expatriate business case for managing diversity is simple: effective diversity management enhances expatriate performance and reduces failure.  Diversity management improves the organisation’s bottom line by enabling international business to leverage the cross-cultural capabilities of their human resources. 

Deep mental models of both the host culture and organisational processes reside within expatriates with a background in the host culture.  Such expatriates will require less extensive, and less costly, training compared to those who lack such models. 

Culturally-adept expatriate managers are superior international performers with special capabilities in partner selection, communications, building personal relations, managing corruption, and negotiating complex institutional environments in transitional economies.

Many culinary entrepreneurs in food delivery apps as promotional media to increase sales volume. By using a smartphone and opening the Grabfood, Gofood and Shopeefood, consumers can order food from culinary entrepreneurs who are culinary partners. The purpose of this study was to determine the perception of sales volume of culinary entrepreneurs who use the application of three food delivery apps as a promotional medium. The selection of a qualitative approach in this research is based on several concepts or opinions, then developed through empirical data collected so that the results of this study can describe a complex reality. The results of this study (1) 21 informants who are culinary partners of three food delivery apps, stated that they were very satisfied, and there was a significant increase in sales volume by 51%. (2) Their daily sales volume is the largest, the first is from Shopeefood at 48.19%, the second is from Gofood at 26.39%, and then is from Grabfood at 25.42%. (3) The supporting factors using three food delivery apps are the Internet Network, Smartphone, and Weather. (4) Inhibiting factors, the lack of ability of business actors to attract potential consumers in intense competition in three food delivery apps.

Purpose–The purpose of this paper is to introduce practitioners to the appropriate use of measures of unethical behaviour, evaluate the use of integrity-related assessments for use in personnel selection, and determine the validity of the moral competency index (MCI) instrument using standard validation procedures. Design/methodology/approach–Content, construct, convergent and discriminant approaches are applied to establish the relative validity of the assessment tool.