Ia-001.pdf

Los movimientos rectilíneos, que siguen una línea recta, son los movimientos más sencillos. Movimientos más complicados pueden ser estudiados como la composición de movimientos rectilíneos elementales. Tal es el caso, por ejemplo, de los movimientos de proyectiles. El movimiento rectilíneo puede expresarse o presentarse como Movimiento rectilíneo uniforme El movimiento rectilíneo uniforme (MRU) fue definido, por primera vez, por Galileo en los siguientes términos: "Por movimiento igual o uniforme entiendo aquél en el que los espacios recorridos por un móvil en tiempos iguales, tómense como se tomen, resultan iguales entre sí", o, dicho de otro modo, es un movimiento de velocidad v constante El MRU se caracteriza por: a) Movimiento que se realiza en una sola dirección en el eje horizontal. b) Velocidad constante; implica magnitud, sentido y dirección inalterables. c) La magnitud de la velocidad recibe el nombre de rapidez. Este movimiento no presenta aceleración (aceleración = 0) Concepto de rapidez y de velocidad Muy fáciles de confundir, son usados a menudo como equivalentes para referirse a uno u otro. Pero la rapidez (r) representa un valor numérico, una magnitud; por ejemplo, 30 km/h. En cambio la velocidad representa un vector que incluye un valor numérico (30 Km/h) y que además posee un sentido y una dirección. Cuando hablemos de rapidez habrá dos elementos muy importantes que considerar: la distancia (d) y el tiempo (t) , íntimamente relacionados. Así: Si dos móviles demoran el mismo tiempo en recorrer distancias distintas, tiene mayor rapidez aquel que recorre la mayor de ellas. Si dos móviles recorren la misma distancia en tiempos distintos, tiene mayor rapidez aquel que lo hace en menor tiempo. Significado físico de la rapidez La rapidez se calcula o se expresa en relación a la distancia recorrida en cierta unidad de tiempo y su fórmula general es la siguiente

چکیده
معماری مقوله ای فرهنگی است و محتملا بی ارتباط با گذشته نیست. بنابراین آنچه یک معماری را برای ساکنین بیگانه می‏کند، خدشه دار شدن هویت فرهنگی و بومی آن است که طی سالیان متمادی شکل گرفته و به واسطه آن، مردم آن را متعلق به خود می‏دانند. به نظر می‏رسد ساخت و سازهای دهه‏های اخیربدون در نظر‏گرفتن ارزش های فرهنگی و بومی، چهره شهر را برای ساکنین بیگانه نموده است. در حالیکه، در سال‏های گذشته روند آرام تغییر شکل و نوسازی شهرهای تاریخی گذشته را عمدتا معیارهای فرهنگی و بومی تعیین می‏کردند. این معیارها در طی زمان شکل می‏گرفتند و ابزارهای فنی اندک آن دوران تاثیر ناچیزی بر این روند داشتند. اما امروزه با توجه به فناوریهای متنوع ساخت  ، توجه به بوم و فرهنگ محیطی که بنا در آن طراحی می‏شود کم رنگ تر شده است و ساختمان‏ها با اشکال متنوع و بدون در نظر گرفتن بافت پیرامونی، از زمین سر بیرون می‏آورند. به طوریکه نمی‏توان رابطه معنی داری مابین ساختمان‏های جدید و بناهای با ارزش قدیمی و معماری بومی آن منطقه برقرار نمود. در نتیجه این معنا افزایش می‏یابد که احساس تعلق به ساختمان های جدید چندان به چشم نمی خورد. از این رو، برای حفظ وارتقای  فرهنگ وهویت مردم یک منطقه ، میبایست بدنبال راهکاری در معماری باشیم .در این مقاله، سه مبحث فرهنگ ، هویت و معماری زمینه گرا را بطور جداگانه بررسی میکنیم و در آخر رابطه معماری زمینه گرا با فرهنگ وهویت مردم یک منطقه را بعنوان یک راهکار نشان خواهیم داد.

Reading Comprehension is a part of the test. It is also infl uenced by language competence (kemampuan bahasa), reading techniques (teknik membaca), dan reading skills (kemampuan membaca). The most important thing from the three techniques is fi nding the keywords from each questions. Therefore, here are some reading techniques that could help you answering the questions. A. SKIMMING Skimming yaitu teknik membaca sekilas untuk mendapatkan inti dari bacaan. Teknik ini digunakan untuk menyelesaikan soal yang menanyakan topik, main idea, atau judul dari bacaan. Sebelumnya harus diketahui terlebih dahulu perbedaan judul, topik, dan main idea dalam sebuah bacaan: a. Judul (title) mewakili isi bacaan dan dianggap paling menarik bagi pembaca untuk membaca sebuah teks. Judul yang ada belum tentu merupakan topik bacaan, tetapi topik bacaan dapat menjadi judul bacaan. b. Topik (topic) adalah inti masalah yang dibicarakan oleh penulis, baik dalam bentuk kelompok kata maupun frasa (bukan kalimat). Topik tidak boleh terlalu khusus (spesifi k), maupun terlalu umum (general). c. Pikiran pokok (main idea), sama seperti halnya topik, adalah inti masalah yang dibicarakan penulis. Mencari main idea pun menjadi sesuatu yang cukup sulit dirasa oleh sebagian besar pembaca. Perlu diingat bahwa dalam satu bacaan hanya

Agarwood is an aromatic substance formed as brown clumps, blackish brown in the lining of agarwood, divided into 3 classses; agar, kemedangan, ash. Aqualaria malaccencis has been known as an agar producing tree. Naturally, the forming of agar needs teens years. Several method has been known formed agar through wounded to Aquilaria malaccencis, Lamk. The reseach aimed was to test stressing at Aquilaria malaccencis. Lamk in forming agarwood. This research was conducted at Plot Forest Research Institute of Technology Fibers Forest at Ujungbatu, Rokan Hulu, Riau for about 5 months, started from June to October 2011. Aquilaria malaccencis, Lamk, was wound by given fisics stressing consist of without stressing (P 0 ), cordage with 1 ring (P 1 ), cordage with 2 rings (P 2 ), prunning 2 / 3 part crown (P 3 ), and prunning  1 / 2 part crown (P 4 ) then combined with biological stressing by inoculation of Fusarium sp. The stressing was designed by randomized block design Duncan’s Multiple Ran...

Abstract : The neuropeptide vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is expressed in several distinct sites in the CNS, in cholinergic and enteric ganglia, and in a small subpopulation of neurons within sympathetic ganglia. Previous studies on the human VIP gene indicate that transcription in neural crest-derived neuroblastoma and pheochromocytoma cell lines is controlled in part by multiple regulatory elements located along 4.5 kb of upstream 5′ flanking sequence. In the current studies, transgenic mice were created with a chimeric gene consisting of 16.5 kb of the mouse VIP gene fused to the β-galactosidase reporter. In situ hybridization analysis in adult mice indicated that reporter gene expression was correctly targeted to neurons in the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and colon. No expression was observed in the brain, including regions that contain abundant VIP-expressing cells, such as the thalamus, amygdala, cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and suprachiasmatic nucleus. Analysis of transgene expression in neonatal and embryonic day 13.5 mice revealed a near perfect correlation between VIP and β-galactosidase gene expression in cranial cholinergic ganglia and the superior cervical ganglia, and lack of transgene expression in sensory ganglia and in nonneuronal tissue. Potential ectopic transgene expression was observed in neonates, in the cerebellar external granule layer and in a small subpopulation of neurons in the olfactory epithelium. We conclude that the 16.5 kb of VIP gene used in these studies contains sequences sufficient for directing expression specifically to VIP neurons in the PNS, and that sequences located elsewhere on the gene are required for proper CNS expression. The VIP gene sequences used here should be capable of targeting other gene products to specific populations of embryonic and adult peripheral neurons without causing significant expression in the CNS.

Agarwood is an aromatic substance formed as brown clumps, blackish brown in the lining of agarwood, divided into 3 classses; agar, kemedangan, ash. Aqualaria malaccencis has been known as an agar producing tree. Naturally, the forming of agar needs teens years. Several method has been known formed agar through wounded to Aquilaria malaccencis, Lamk. The reseach aimed was to test stressing at Aquilaria malaccencis. Lamk in forming agarwood. This research was conducted at Plot Forest Research Institute of Technology Fibers Forest at Ujungbatu, Rokan Hulu, Riau for about 5 months, started from June to October 2011. Aquilaria malaccencis, Lamk, was wound by given fisics stressing consist of without stressing (P 0), cordage with 1 ring (P 1), cordage with 2 rings (P 2), prunning 2 / 3 part crown (P 3), and prunning 1 / 2 part crown (P 4) then combined with biological stressing by inoculation of Fusarium sp. The stressing was designed by randomized block design Duncan's Multiple Range Test at significant level of 5% was applied to compared physics to agarwood producing. The changed of color and fragrance were analyzed by Non-Parametric Test. Kruskal Wallis at significant level of 5% was applied to evaluate significant treatments. Correlations Test was done between treatment at significant level of 1%. The result showed that Aquilaria malaccencis, Lamk, with fisics tressing (P 1 , P 2, P 3 , dan P 4) showed wood colour changed after 1 month inoculation of Fusarium sp. Stressing cordage with 2 rings (P 2) which followed by inoculation of Fusarium sp at Aquilaria malaccencis, Lamk, resulted 26,76 g dryweight of brown agar with best fragrance at level 2 after 5 months stressing. Based on statistical analysis, there were significant between stressing and agar formed. The best stressing at Aquilaria malaccencis, Lamk, was cordage with 2 rings. The result of correlations test showed strong to very strong of infection area, color changing, fragrans and dryweight of agarwood PENDAHULUAN Latar Belakang Gaharu merupakan komoditi perdagangan hasil hutan bukan kayu (HHBK) berupa resin yang dihasilkan dari salah satu jenis pohon penghasil gaharu yaitu jenis Aquilaria malaccensis Lamk dari genus Aquilaria. Jika dilihat dari wujudnya, gaharu merupakan gumpalan berbentuk padat, berwarna coklat kehitaman sampai hitam dan berbau harum (jika dibakar) yang terdapat pada bagian kayu atau akar dari jenis tumbuhan penghasil gaharu yang telah mengalami proses perubahan fisika dan kimia.