Commitment

The purpose of this article is to share some reflections on the long research experience I have developed with circus artists in the City of Buenos Aires, Argentina. These reflections revolve around the question of the contributions of social sciences, particularly anthropology, through research practices conducted in collaboration with artists. I am interested in rethinking the role of the researcher by understanding science from a conception in which commitment, collaboration, and participatory knowledge-building can potentiate research practices and, at the same time, create dilemmas and challenges. What are the theoretical-methodological implications of the roles we can play throughout a long research process? What are the tools we can use when conducting research on the fields we also participate in, socially and politically? How can we reconcile the time it takes to conduct academic work with the short amount of time it takes for events to unfold in real-time?

Both conventional wisdom and empirical evidence suggest that arranging a prior commitment or agreement before an interaction takes place enhances the chance of reaching mutual cooperation. Yet it is not clear what mechanisms might underlie the participation in and compliance with such a commitment, especially when participation is costly and non-compliance can be profitable. Here, we develop a theory of participation and compliance with respect to an explicit commitment formation process and to institutional incentives where individuals, at first, decide whether or not to join a cooperative agreement to play a one-shot social dilemma game. Using a mathematical model, we determine whether and when participating in a costly commitment, and complying with it, is an evolutionary stable strategy, resulting in high levels of cooperation. We show that, given a sufficient budget for providing incentives, rewarding of commitment compliant behaviours better promotes cooperation than punishment of non-compliant ones. Moreover, by sparing part of this budget for rewarding those willing to participate in a commitment, the overall level of cooperation can be significantly enhanced for both reward and punishment. Finally, the presence of mistakes in deciding to participate favours evolutionary stability of commitment compliance and cooperation.

In their annual festival in an eastern village of the Yucatan state, participants verbalized, discussed, and disputed two main understandings of Catholic commitment after a Catholic priest asked his parishioners to reconsider the effects of their ritual offerings. His teachings about compromiso signaled other ritualized practices, which compose the concept: promises and sacrifices. In direct contrast to the priest's teachings, local ritualists understand that solemn promises and sacrificial exchange work, however, as encompassments of the notion of commitment. On the other hand, the priest's notion of engagement with the sacred takes its main force from the representation of the work of dying of sacrificial victims. Overcoming an apparently insurmountable pair of opposites, ritual and sacrificial, he defines commitment as vicarious sacrifice, inaugurating for his audience a new representational dimension.

Luxury good is a product for which demand increases more than proportionally as the income rises, and is a contrast to a "necessity good", for which demand increases proportionally less than income. Luxury goods are often synonymous with superior goods and Veblen goods. In India , Luxury is defined by 1)Prices and perception of Product Quality 2) Co-branding Pricing Strategy 3) Perceived Value of brand's product should be coherent with its price point. (Uggla, 2017) .The reason which drives customer satisfaction in Luxury is Price, heritage and Brand Value. (Jain, 2013). However due to current economical rationalization in infrastructure issues , and other new taxes which are good in long run and would also be beneficial in long run , this would still increase in coming years with the same pace what they are increasing now .

This research is conducted to understand the negative impact of abusive leadership on employee empowerment. Employee Empowerment plays a vital role in an organization in achieving a competitive advantage in this era of cut throat competition. Empowerment of employee enables the employee to take a quick decision to respond to changes in the business environment. Various types of Leadership styles have different impact on employee empowerment. Abusive leadership style has adverse effect on employee empowerment. The study is conducted in Indian business organizations in Bangalore that use world class technologies in India by using a questionnaire developed by me consisting of 54 items based on literature survey, content validity, pilot study and factor analysis. Correlation and regression analysis are carried out to find the relationship among abusive leaderships variables, empowerment variables and consequence variables. The study highlights that arrogance and interpersonal insensitiv...

Background: turnover is a widespread and costly problem within the healthcare industry in both Arab and non-Arabcountries. It decreases customer satisfaction, future revenue growth, productivity and profitability. Integrating research findings across studies is necessary to identify the most important causal factors so interventions aimed at reducing turnover in the healthcare field can be properly targeted. Aim: The present research aimed to explore the impact of the inappropriate utilization of hospital resources on nurse's turnover intentions in Arab as well as non-Arab countries using a meta-analysis. Methodology: The literature search covered articles that had been published from1971 to 2010. The electronic portion of the search covered eight computer databases. A set of inclusion criteria were established to retaine 118 studies with unique samples given for the purpose of the current meta-analysis. Three graduate students were trained to code, review the databases and data entry processes. After training, coding disagreements and discrepancies were resolved through consensus among coders and authors. Agreement among raters was 92%. Results:the relationship between age and the turnover intention for the organization is stable between studies done in Arab and non-Arab countries, as the confidence intervals overlapped. Location did appear to be a moderator with regards to some of the other attitudinal reactions. First, the relationship between job satisfaction and turnover intentions for an organization were stronger in the Arab countries than non-Arab countries. However, the opposite appears to be true for satisfaction with pay. Estimates indicate that affective commitment has a stronger relationship with the intent to turnover for an organization for the studies done in non-Arab countries than for those in Arab countries. However, the data indicate the opposite for organizational commitment, with this relationship being stronger for Arab countries than for non-Arab countries. Conclusion: job satisfaction and general organizational commitment are the strongest predictors of turnover intension. For the most part, people who experience dissatisfaction and are less committed to their organization are more likely to consider alternative employment as well as be more likely to voluntarily leave the organization. Recommendations (practical implications): Managers need to monitor the morale and commitment of their team members. Many factors are likely to have an impact on both satisfaction and commitment levels. Role states such as ambiguity, job strain, and burnout are likely to decrease both satisfaction and commitment. Therefore, managers should make efforts to clearly define work roles for employees.

Instagram is emerging as the most influential social network; this phenomenon is especially apparent in the fashion industry. Fashion brands are launching creative campaigns on Instagram to engage their followers. The present study aims to increase the understanding of followers’ engagement by analyzing the consequences of brand publications on Instagram. Taking as a basis the S-O-R framework, brand publications (stimulus) may generate perceptions of creativity and positive emotions in their followers (organism) which, in turn, may influence their affective commitment and interaction intentions (response). Our results, based on data collected from 808 followers of an Instagram fashion brand account, analyzed using structural equation modeling, confirmed that perceived creativity is a crucial aspect of Instagram. In addition, positive emotions and affective commitment act as partial mediators in the relationship between perceived creativity and interaction intentions. These results have interesting implications for both the fashion industry and content generation on Instagram.

The method used is a qualitative exploratory approach with 13 (thirteen) informants who were determined by purposive sampling, the data analysis used was an interactive model data analysis from Miles and Huberman by triangulating methods and data sources. The results showed that the successful implementation of the Good Hospital Governance policy at Undata Hospital, Central Sulawesi Province which was viewed from 6 (six) supporting aspects of the implementation of the Van Metter and Van Horn policies had not been running properly. That is; aspects of resources, aspects of the characteristics of the executing agent, aspects of the attitudes/tendencies (dispositions) of the executing agents, and aspects of the external environment (economic, social, and political). Besides, an implementation must also be supported by the commitment of the owner, board of directors, and management as well as all hospital staff, to implement the principles of transparency, accountability, independence, responsibility, equality, and fairness.

I propose a speculative, debunking explanation for the widespread tendency to attribute special value to family relationships. Instead, I suggest, the value of family relationships between adults flows from the same source as the value of intimate relationships between people who are not related by kinship: that of love. This is important because social expectations and (contested) pieces of legislation often privilege family over non-family close relationships, and often seek to preserve family relationships that, if my suggestion is correct, would be better dissolved. Moreover, if love is the source of value of all intimate relationships, this can help reframe debates such as that concerning same-sex marriage in more constructive ways. We often assume that family relationships, even with second or third degree relatives, have a special kind of value that other intimate relationships, such as friendships with non-family members, lack. I want to challenge this belief and suggest that, ultimately, the value of friendship and kinship alike flows from the same source: that of the love that bounds people. This, as I explain in due course, is part liberating and part threatening. A few terminological clarifications: I am talking about love in its broad sense, beyond the usual divides between companionate and passionate love, love for parents or for children, etc. I assume that emotional attachments to others play a huge role in our wellbeing 1 , making close relationships indispensable to the leading of a good life. When I talk about "friendship", I refer here to all close relationships based on affection and intimacy that, unlike family relationships, are chosen, rather than given. (Understood in this way, friendship and family relationships obviously intersect insofar as we choose whom to marry.

Analisi teorica delle primordiali conseguenze psicologiche sul lavoratore derivanti dal nuovo contesto lavorativo creatosi  a seguito del diffondersi delle limitazioni sociali derivanti dal diffondersi del COVID-19; sintesi, attualizzazione e contestualizzazione delle principali teorie HRM sulla tematica, delle tecnologie imouegate e del concetto di remote working; proposta di logiche e strumenti per agevolare la relazione lavorativa da remoto.

Nostalgia is an emotion that confers psychological benefits. The literature has neglected romantic nostalgia—that is, nostalgia specifically for past experiences shared with one’s partner—and its potential advantages for relationships. We examined romantic nostalgia in one correlational study, two experiments, and one daily diary study (N = 638). Romantic nostalgia was positively associated with greater relationship commitment, satisfaction, and closeness (Study 1). Additionally, inducing romantic nostalgia via a writing task (Study 2) or music (Study 3) strengthened relational benefits. Finally, participants reported more positive relationship-specific experiences on days when they felt greater romantic nostalgia (Study 4). We discuss contributions to the nostalgia and relationships literatures.

In diesem Aufsatz ist von zwei der bedeutendsten und engsten persönlichen und politischen Freunde Otto von Bismarcks die Rede. Im Jahr 1873 schied der enge Freund Bismarcks, Albrecht von Roon, aus seinem Amt als preußischer Kriegsminister aus. Dieses Ereignis bildete eine von vielen Etappen des sich über mehrere Jahre anbahnenden und hinziehenden "Bruches der preußischen Konservativen" mit Bismarck, eines Bruches, der im Jahr 1875 dann manifest werden sollte. In diesem Aufsatz geht es um die inhaltliche Erläuterung eines Briefes, den Bismarck 1873 an seinen Freund Roon gerichtet hat. Der Brief enthält eine Fülle von Anspielungen auf historische Ereignisse und Personen. Diese werden - wenigstens zum Teil - erläutert. Vor allem aber wird die Aufmerksamkeit auf die persönliche Stimmung und Lage gerichtet, aus der heraus Bismarck diesen Brief zu schreiben veranlaßt war. Bismarck erklärte noch Jahre später: "Das ununterbrochene Bewußtsein der Verantwortlichkeit für große Ereignisse, bei denen die Zukunft des Vaterlandes auf dem Spiele stand" wäre ihm erleichtert worden durch den "Verkehr mit anderen, die man für gleichgestellt hält". Wenn aber ein Verantwortung Tragender in einer solchen Stellung wie der seinen "mit sich und seinen Erwägungen vereinsamt wird, so muß das den Eingriff (der) amtlichen Sorgen in seine Nerven und seine Gesundheit verschärfen". Es wird ein sehr menschlicher Zug auf Seiten des Politikers Bismarck herausgearbeitet: Die Bedeutung der Freundschaft für sein Leben und für die Geschichte-Gestaltung Deutschlands und Europas.

In this article, I integrate research in social construct theory, the medicalization of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and strengths-based theory to propose a change in the way American society negatively labels and interacts with people diagnosed with ADHD. This article presents examples of global perspectives on ADHD, the nature of stigma that occurs to those who receive a medical diagnosis of ADHD, and the need to reframe ADHD from a disease to that of a positive difference. The reader is asked to consider the implications for millions who suffer from the stigma of ADHD. Starting with children diagnosed with ADHD, I suggest that members of society begin to reframe ADHD as a social construct recognizing the strengths and positive traits because there are many. This is a call to all members of society, especially those professionals of the medical, psychological, social, and educational systems, to adopt a strengths-based model of support for those diagnosed with ADHD.

Brands, like humans, can serve as legitimate relationship partners. Brand relationships can provide consumers with resources in making decisions, meeting their needs, and motivating them. Marketers are using social media as a way to promote their brands and build consumer brand relationships. This research examines how emotional, or affect-based brand relationships, are developed in online social communities. It explores this phenomenon in the context of personal branding for music artists and uses Facebook as a social medium. A conceptual model is developed and empirically tested. Findings indicate that emotional relationships are cultivated by the intimacy and self-connection a consumer has toward the brand, or artist. This intimacy and connection can lead to an emotionally based attachment and bond, or affective commitment. Strong affective commitment from the consumer can be extremely valuable to the branded artist and his/her music because it leads to loyalty in the form of purchase behavior, reduced digital piracy, support of artistic vision and advocacy for the artist. However, value co-creation also plays an important role in developing emotionally based brand relationships and value-co-creation interacts with the impact of affective commitment on loyalty and advocacy. Implications for marketers managing brands and consumer brand relationships are discussed.

This study reviews why it is important in organizations to care about subjective well-being of
employees and how it is related to - among other things - the commitment. We define the concept of
well-being and commitment, its content and structure, and interpret the significance of their role and
relationship with each other. At the end of this study we discuss what organizations and leaders
could do in order to promote employees’ well-being.

Adolescence is a critical period in which significant developments occur in social-emotional learning skills and peer relationships. Therefore, it will be important to know which variables are effective in social-emotional learning skills and peer relationships and to determine whether there is a relationship between these two skills. This study is a cross-sectional field study based on the model of the quantitative descriptive survey. The research group of the research consists of 364 students between the ages of 14 and 18, those who are located in the Provincial Center, those who are associated with Bilecik Provincial Directorate of National Education in Turkey within the 2019-2020 Academic Year and those who continue their high school education. For the research data, Social-Emotional Learning Scale developed by Totan (2018) and Peer Relationships Scale developed by Kaner (2000) and personal information form about students were used. As a result of the findings, it was found that adolescents had the highest score in the sub-dimensions of responsible decision-making and commitment and the lowest in self-disclosure and loyalty. Selfawareness and relationship skills, which are the sub-dimensions of social-emotional learning, affect the peer relationship. Besides peer relationship was found to be positively associated with social-emotional learning.

Much of the previous research examining why some women choose to remain in abusive relationships sug-gests that women remain with an abusive spouse for a number of reasons, many of which place blame on themselves or their partner instead of the situation (Eckstein, 2011). While personal and contextual reasons for remaining in a relationship are important, we argue that factors such as the commitment process may be the most difficult to overcome once a woman makes the decision to leave the relationship. Cialdini’s (2009) influence principle of commitment and consistency suggests that once a decision is made, people will typi-cally do whatever they can to remain consistent with that decision. In the case of women in abusive relation-ships, abuse may not begin until the relationship has lasted for years. Implications for commitment and con-sistency in abusive relationships will be discussed, as well as proposed mechanisms such as the Foot-in-the-Door effect and cognitive dissonance.

Qualify work life is an organizational phenomenon that benefits both employers
and employees alike. As such, research continues to focus on how to draw out
employee commitment, given quality of work life. Ranging from increased employee
productivity to balance between work life and family life, literature has it that
organizational goals become more achievable, if desired quality of work life is
provided by the employer. Nevertheless, little or no attention has been given to startups
in terms of empirically carrying out studies to determine how quality of work life
influences employee commitment in them. In this paper, staffs of 10 selected techstart-
ups located in Lagos have been surveyed using a questionnaire form. Four
hypotheses were developed with a sample data of 300 employees across the different
tech-start-ups. By carrying out a structural equation modeling and moderating the
relationship with gender and marital, it was observed that employee commitment is
largely influenced by quality of work life.

In today’s market, firms expect customers to not only consume their offerings, but also to market these offerings indirectly through different engagement behaviors. This study is conducted to examine factors that may drive customers to engage with restaurants. The research builds on the theory of engagement and relationship marketing literature to propose that customer perceived value (CPV) and relationship quality (RQ) are antecedents of CE. In addition, a mediated relationship between CPV and CE through RQ is examined to better understand the effects of CPV on CE. Customer value consciousness (CVC) is incorporated into the model as a boundary condition of the hypothesized positive impacts of CPV on CE and RQ. Findings demonstrate support to the relationships hypothesized. Further, the study develops the ‘value get, value’ framework to extend research on customer relationship and engagement. Findings are discussed in detail with implications for theory and practice.

– The study aimed to describe the employee relation practices in terms of improving employee morale, building company culture, conveying expectations and participating in management decision and identify the employee performance in terms of personal management and behaviour and productivity. Describe type of research was utilized in the study. Results showed that employees always want to feel that they are part of the company's objectives which require continuous learning, better communication and fair benefits. Respondents agreed that the atmosphere and interpersonal relation in respective department are friendly and cooperative. Having strong working relationship among the people within the company can deliver good quality of high performance.

The article examines the conjunction of writing and the Hegelian theory of recognition as it appears in Jean-Paul Sartre's text "Why Write?" The author argues that Sartre's theory of literature is not only a theory of literature as conversation and communication, but also a theory about the relation to a certain silence, and since literature and recognition go together in Sartre's text, the presence of silence has consequences for his theory of recognition.

In this post-Occupy era, discussions and arguments on the relationship between art and politics proliferate. Numerous exhibitions and publications on contemporary art are centered around works that directly reference to or comment on current political issues or concerns such as inequality, job insecurity, climate change, and media censorship. The increasing appearances of such attitude towards politics in the art world made me wonder whether art should have a mission or commitment first of all, and if so, what it means for art to be committed and what kind of commitment should the contemporary art devote itself to. I will begin this essay by assessing these inquiries and then expand them to question an artist’s role in the notion of committed art endorsed by writers Claire Bishop, Ben Davis, and Sofía Hernández Chong Cuy. Two contemporary artists, Thomas Hirschhorn and Claudia Fernández, and their works will be discussed in the exploration of these topics.

Both "je dis ça, je dis rien" and "(I’m) just saying" are known as “annoying phrases” in their respective languages, seemingly because of their being commonly overused in oral discourse. For this reason, they are usually assimilated to “gap fillers.” However, some linguists demonstrated how those supposedly “gap fillers” turned out to be significantly involved in the building of discourse coherence – “how speakers and hearers jointly integrate forms, meanings, and actions to make overall sense out of what is said” (Schiffrin, 1987). Although discourse markers have been dealt with quite extensively in the recent Francophone and Anglophone literatures, the two formulaic expressions have to date received only little attention.