Ceramic Analysis (Archaeology)

Развитието на колекционерството и антиквариата през последните
десетилетия наложи една нова специалност – експертизата на културни
ценности. Тя става още по-необходима, като се има предвид появата на
много фалшификати както на произведения от Античността и Средновековието, така и на творби на български (и чужди) художници от по-ново
време. Предлаганият учебник е изключително важен за подготовката на
такива специалисти, тъй като им дава не само познания върху експертизата от гледна точка на стил, техника и иконография на изкуството, но
също така и върху юридическата и административната страна на проблема. А тя е съществена част от работата на един експерт

The chronology of the Late Bronze Age (second half of the 2nd millennium BC), a key period characterised by a flourishing development of urban civilisation, is well known in western Syria, especially on the coast at Ugarit. However, the Late Bronze Age chronology in inner Syria and in particular in the middle Orontes valley still needs to be clarified. Recent excavations and archaeological surveys conducted at the site of Qatna and its surroundings have revealed new challenging data inducing a review of the Late Bronze Age chronology. This paper presents preliminary results of my PhD research on new ceramic findings from the Late Bronze Age excavations carried out in different operations by the Syrian team at Qatna from 2005 to 2010. An innovative approach is suggested that will allow the revision of chronological issues by establishing a new baseline reference for the stratigraphic sequences from Qatna through the examination of ceramic material. This examination based on traditional pottery studies is enhanced by petrographic analyses of ceramic sherds from Qatna and is accompanied by a comparative study of other Late Bronze Age sites in the Orontes valley region.

In 2018, a team from the Austrian Archaeological Institute uncovered an alphabetic inscription that was painted onto a fragment of a Cypriote White Slip II milk bowl. The significance of the Lachish Milk Bowl Ostracon (LMBO) for biblical history cannot be overstated, as this ostracon ties the Israelites of Joshua's campaign directly to Canaan at the end of the 15th century BC. This inscribed potsherd from Lachish’s destruction layer, which dates to near the end of the Late Bronze Age I, attests to Israelites in Canaan just before 1400 BC. The ostracon includes a brief but legible writing in the script of the world’s oldest alphabet, whose prior attestation is reserved almost exclusively for inscriptions from Egypt (Lahun, Wadi el-Ḥôl) and Sinai (Wadi Naṣb, Serâbîṭ el-Khâdim), which the author previously demonstrated to be written in the Hebrew language. The LMBO is possibly the most definitive form of evidence of the Israelite conquest of Canaan yet discovered by archaeologists excavating in Israel.

This is a published doctoral thesis in Turkish language at the Dokuz Eylül University, submitted by Gülseren Kan Şahin in 2015. In this dissertation pottery finds from Hadrianopolis and its chora in southwestern Paphlagonia (northwestern central Turkey) are presented in detail, which were collected between the years 2005 and 2008. A version of this thesis in English language is already published in 2016 as a part of BAR International Series (no. 2786) and in Turkish language in 2019 as a part of publication series of Turkish Historical Society.
Paphlagonia was an ancient region on the Black Sea coast of north-central Anatolia, bordered by Bithynia to the west, Pontus to the east and Galatia to the south.  Today, Hadrianopolis and its chora lie in the region around Eskipazar in the Turkish province of Karabük. Between 2005 and 2008 an archaeological team from the Dokuz Eylül University in Izmir carried out archaeological field surveys, excavations and restorations in Hadrianopolis and its close surroundings. During these four field campaigns, 1550 sherds ranging between the Pre-Iron Age (IInd mill. BC.) and the Middle Byzantine period (late 11th/early 12th cent. AD.) were collected, most of which consisted of Late Roman-Early Byzantine (late 5th-mid 8th cent. AD.) coarse ware. In this study 30 main pottery groups were constituted, based on their chronology, function and fabric. The book contains a detailed description of each find deposit, including the typologies and fabrics of wares and a comprehensive catalogue with drawings, as well as photos, of each sherd. It is, thus, the first extensive pottery report of the Turkish Black Sea area, offering a continual picture of all the wares and chronologies available, including their chronologies.

SUMMARY: Chapter 2, in Renfrew & Bahn's textbook (Archaeology: Theories, Methods, and Practice), covers the variety of the evidence remaining in the archaeological record across the globe, including wet sites, cold sites, dry sites, and other sites; I have removed the case study from Tell Tebilla (now a separate lecture) and substituted a lengthy series of slides dealing with assessing artifacts from such things as materials, form, decoration, function, and context through broader questions and different types of analysis, focusing on Naqada II-type decorated pottery from Predynastic Egypt.  In my view, the course textbook is one of the best college textbooks available, and is invaluable for students, archaeologists, and the public in general, to obtain a top notch overview of approaching and interpreting the archaeological record. REVISED: Jan/ 2023 minor edits.

Desde que se iniciaron los estudios cliométricos, el interés por encontrar fórmulas y modelos que nos ayuden a entender la historia, particularmente la historia económica y social, han atraído la atención de muchos investigadores. Desde nuestra perspectiva, hemos prestado particular atención al estudio de datos concretos, pues nos hemos centrado en el estudio de las ánforas que contuvieron alimentos, sobre todo vino, aceite y conservas de pescado y su epigrafía y, a través de ellas, estudiar la dirección de los intercambios entre las diversas regiones del imperio romano y el papel que el estado jugó en dichas relaciones, en última instancia, la relación entre política y economía. En las últimas décadas, en relación directa con el progreso de los estudios sobre tipologías cerámicas, se ha avanzado notablemente en el desarrollo de los procedimientos de cuantificación. Este interés se integra en una preocupación más amplia por la cultura material romana, en particular las vajillas y los contenedores de alimentos, como instrumento para profundizar en el conocimiento de las formas de producción, distribución y consumo de productos manufacturados y de alimentos líquidos o semilíquidos que tuvieron gran importancia en la dieta romana. Así mismo, y gracias a un mejor conocimiento arqueológico de ciertas regiones del Mediterráneo, la cuantificación se ha convertido en una herramienta fundamental en la construcción de modelos explicativos sobre la producción agrícola y artesanal, y sobre las estructuras de distribución y consumo. El objetivo último es mejorar el conocimiento de la organización y dinámicas de la economía romana y proponer, en consecuencia, un marco interpretativo para definir la naturaleza de la misma.

Se presentan los resultados obtenidos del análisis del material cerámico proveniente del sitio Las Escondidas (quebrada de Miriguaca, puna meridional argentina) con el objetivo de abordar las características de la producción cerámica de los primeros momentos del Formativo (entre ca. 2000 AP y 1700 AP), para así tratar de indagar en el contexto social en el que esta cerámica fue producida y usada. Para ello se proponen dos etapas de análisis, la primera a través del uso de lupa binocular y la segunda, mediante análisis petrográficos. Los resultados obtenidos permitieron establecer las características y la posible funcionalidad del repertorio cerámico, además de lograr determinar la composición de las pastas. Se identificaron ciertas elecciones tecnológicas constantes y una importante homogeneidad en el uso de materias primas específicas, que no han podido ser correlacionadas directamente con el entorno geológico local. Posteriormente, a partir de la detallada descripción petrográfica, se pudo comparar este conjunto con otros analizados previamente, tanto de la puna meridional argentina como de otros sectores circundantes, contribuyendo a establecer redes de relaciones en las cuales los objetos se vieron inmersos en los primeros momentos de la era. Abstract The results obtained from the analysis of the ceramic material from the Las Escondidas site (Miriguaca grove, Southern Puna Argentina) are presented with the objective of addressing the characteristics of the ceramic production of the first moments of the Formative (between ca. 2000 AP and 1700 AP), in order to investigate the social context in which this ceramic was produced and used. To do this, two stages of analysis are proposed, the first through the use of binocular magnifying glass and the second, through petrographic analysis. The results obtained allowed to establish the particular characteristics and the possible functionality of the ceramic repertoire, as well as to determine the composition of the pastes. We identified certain constant technological choices and an important homogeneity in the use of specific raw materials, which could not be correlated directly with the local geological environment. Subsequently, from the detailed petrographic description, this set could be compared with others previously analyzed, both from the southern Puna of Argentina and from other surrounding sectors, contributing to establish networks of relationships in which the objects were immersed in the first moments of the era.

The authors publish the findings of the digs on Mellya-Tamak VI temporary settlement belonging to the Chiyalik archaeological culture – one of the most comprehensively studied settlements in this complex of sites. Besides proper Chiyalik materials, some artefacts of Mesolithic-Neolithic, Early Iron Age (Pyany Bor culture) and Early Middle Ages (Kushnarenkovo culture) have been identified here. The Chiyalik stage is represented by debris of a summer camp, with its surface structures, hearths, stones from wall cladding and household pits. The life time of the Chiyalik settlement on the Mellya-Tamak dune can be dated within the thirteenth-fourteenth centuries, as suggested by the authors based on some finds of glass beads with overlaid linear-undulate paste threads and the ceramic complex. As a result of years of research, the authors conclude that the Chiyalik sites were left by the Uralic Ugrians, who were part of the Golden Horde population and were undergoing the process of Islamization and Turkization.

Публикуются результаты раскопок Меллятамакского VI селища чияликской археологической культуры, одного из наиболее полно исследованных поселений этого круга памятников. Кроме собственно чияликских материалов, здесь выявлены артефакты эпохи мезолита-неолита, раннего железного века (пьяноборская культура) и раннего средневековья (кушнаренковская культура). Чияликский этап представлен остатками поселения-летника, к которому относятся наземные сооружения, очаги, камни обкладки стен и хозяйственные ямы. Время существования чияликского поселения на Мелля-Тамакской дюне по находкам стеклянных бус с орнаментом в виде накладных линейно-волнистых пастовых нитей и керамическому комплексу определено авторами в рамках XIII–XIV вв. По результатам многолетних исследований можно заключить, что памятники чияликской культуры оставлены уральскими уграми, входящими в состав населения Золотой Орды и находящимися в этот период в процессе исламизации и тюркизации.

The 1970s and 1980s witnessed an explosion of interest in the archaeology of Republican and earlier Latium. The results of this wave of work, which was conducted primarily by Italian teams, were presented at large conferences and published in landmark volumes. In recent decades, however, this coherent program of research and divulgation has to a certain extent disintegrated. While excavations and surveys continue to be carried out throughout the region, their results are seldom presented with the thematic unity and depth that characterized earlier efforts. In an attempt to return to and extend the impetus of the golden years of the archaeology of Latium, we bring together members of four large research projects for the first of a series of open discussions on the state of the art in the field. The theme of this initial meeting focuses on the theoretical and methodological innovations in the archaeology of Latium. The complex record from the region poses significant research challenges; key Republican and earlier sequences at many sites are difficult to access, and continued development is threatening entire landscapes. Research projects both old and new have met these challenges by adapting or developing progressive theoretical approaches and survey and excavation techniques. The panelists represent three large-scale urban excavations (Gabii; Rome-S. Omobono; Satricum) and a regional survey (Hidden Landscapes Project) that have made important contributions to the archaeology of Latium in recent years. The discussant, Christopher Smith, has produced seminal syntheses of the archaeology and history of the region and, as Director of the British School at Rome, is intimately familiar with how research on Republican and earlier Latium has been evolving.

Archaeologists have been proposing models about the prehistoric
settlement of the Brazilian coast based on cultural
differences and/or innovations observed in the archaeological
record. However, are cultural changes associated
with distinct biological groups?
In order to establish a better understanding of the
potential affinities among series originating from different
archaeological sites, we took into account the presence of
possible cultural variables, focusing on the presence or
absence of pottery. Pottery is the most important cultural
variable observed in these sites, and most of the models
about the occupation of the Brazilian coast are based on its
presence or absence. Moreover, the occurrence of pottery
along the Brazilian coast is one of the few well-established
archaeological markers in terms of chronology.
In this chapter, we discuss the biological affinities
among individuals exhumed from archaeological sites that
do or do not present pottery, focusing on the region of
Santa Catarina, using multivariate statistical tests applied
to metric and non-metric cranial data. These analyses can
provide valuable information to discuss whether biological
differences can be paralleled with cultural changes
observed among groups. The ideas put forth here represent
an updated version of a previous work (Okumura 2007,
2008).

Los ácidos grasos tienen características únicas que los convierten en buenos indicadores bioarqueológicos. Por un lado, existen en diferentes combinaciones y en proporciones disímiles para cada especie de planta y animal, y por el otro, pueden sobrevivir largos períodos de tiempo. Los lípidos residuales en las superficies carbonizadas y en los poros de las paredes de las vasijas se conservan gracias a la microencapsulación que inhibe la actividad bacteriana y no son contaminados por la materia orgánica del suelo. La identificación de los residuos puede proveernos información acerca de la utilidad de las vasijas en las prácticas culinarias, las estrategias de subsistencia y la dieta. Se procesaron dos fragmentos cerámicos procedentes de cueva Epullán Grande y Rincón Chico 2/87, provincia del Neuquén, y alero Carriqueo, provincia de Río Negro. Estas muestras fueron pasadas por GC y GC-MS. El análisis de las distribuciones de cadenas de carbones de los ácidos grasos –y sus isótopos estables-, los alcanos y esteroles nos permitieron acceder a la historia tafonómica de las muestras y determinar el origen de la materia orgánica. Las adherencias presentes, por los menos en esta pequeña muestra, son el producto de la cocción de alimentos.

Desde los años 1970, las imponentes estructuras fortifi cadas del valle del río Cuyes –si-tuado al sur del Ecuador, en la frontera entre Andes y Amazonia correspondiente a la provincia de Morona Santiago–, han llamado la atención de antropólogos y arqueólogos: ¿fueron estas construcciones levantadas y habitadas por poblaciones andinas? ¿amazó-nicas? ¿en qué época y en qué contexto? La investigación doctoral cuyos resultados se presentan en la siguiente síntesis apunta a alimentar la discusión, gracias a la aplicación de un método de análisis cerámico novedoso en la arqueología de la región, basado en el concepto de cadena operativa así como en una lectura antropológica del material. Palabras clave: tecnología cerámica, arqueología ecuatoriana, arqueología cañari, arqueología jíbara, alfarería contemporánea del austro ecuatoriano, arqueología de las estribaciones andinas.

Abstract: Since the 1970's, the impressive fortifi ed structures of the Cuyes river valley-located in the south of Ecuador, at the border between the Andes and the Amazonian lowlands-, have caught the interest of anthropologists and archaeologists: were these structures built and inhabited by Andean populations? Amazonian? when and in what kind of context? The PhD dissertation whose results are presented in the following synthesis aims at bringing new data to the debate through the use of a methodology of analysis of ancient ceramics totally new for the archaeology of the region, based on the concept of " chaîne opératoire " and on an anthropological interpretation of the material.

Evidence from five Late Archaic/Early Agricultural period sites located in the middle and lower Santa Cruz River valley indicates that the local development of a ceramic container technology occurred over a relatively long period that extends back into "preceramic" times. Evidence for this development is reviewed and explanations for the emergence of pottery are evaluated with respect to the southeastern Arizona case.

This paper discusses the cultivation, harvesting and consumption of
anchote and examines the social and environmental factors that
frame the practice. Anchote, an indigenous tuber crop propagated
by seed, is primarily cultivated for its edible tubers. In addition to
forming part of the dietary staple of the Wallaga Oromo, the tuber
is central to the culture and identity of the people. The tuber is
anthropomorphized and often referred to as a relative of fertile
women. Indeed, the tuber, women and pottery form a nexus of
metaphorical meaning integral to Oromo cosmology. Moreover,
cultivation of the tuber is framed by the daily interaction between
farmers. The perceived agency of farmland is key to
understanding how the Wallaga Oromo struggle to retain, modify
or alter anchote culture in a swiftly changing world. Anchote is
steamed in a clay pot and its processing results in formation of
diagnostic use-alteration. This use-alteration may help to envisage
antiquity of tuber production and consumption in the Wallaga
region of the southwestern Ethiopian highlands.

Poor chronology has long plagued the Patayan archaeological tradition of the far-western reaches of the North American Southwest. Archaeologists typically rely upon ceramics to assign associated materials to the broadly defined Patayan I, II, and III periods. However, as data amass, it is becoming increasingly clear that the established date ranges for certain types of Patayan pottery tied to those periods are inaccurate, and that the overall chronology may benefit from revision. Consequently, there are renewed calls to reassess the ceramic typologies and identify attributes with utility for dating affiliated archaeological phenomena. Here I focus on one such attribute, the stucco surface treatment on Lower Colorado Buff Ware. While the prevailing typology regards stucco as diagnostic of the Patayan II and III periods (circa AD 1000– 1900), I present data that show stucco is conspicuously absent from contexts dating before AD 1400 but is rather common thereafter. I conclude Lowland Patayan potters began applying stucco to their wares between 1400 and 1600, and this attribute is therefore useful for dating associated material to a narrower AD 1400–1900 timeframe.

In this paper we analyse the ceramic material belonging to the Wietenberg culture from the site of Bixad-“Vápavára” out of a typological and functional perspective. Furthermore we are placing this site in the broader context of Middle and Late Bronze Age settlements by attempting to reconstruct the archaeological landscape of south-east Transylvania in the above mentioned period.

A series of 50 AMS dates on charred cooking residues removed from the interiors of pottery sherds is reviewed. The sherds were recovered from many of the key sites and components used by Ritchie and Funk to create the Woodland Stage of their New York culture history; we are now able to securely date these sites and components. The cooking residue dates demonstrate that the so-called Middle- to-Late Woodland transition in central New York is not as well understood as was previously thought. Pottery vessels attributable to Ritchie and MacNeish's early Point Peninsula types are dated as early as 300 B.C. to A.D. 5, and pottery vessels attributable to their Late Woodland "Owasco" types appear as early as AD 400-600. There is also substantial temporal overlap between types assigned to their Point Peninsula and Owasco types. These data, along with subsistence and settlement data published elsewhere argue that the last 2500 years of New York State's pre-European-contact Native American history is in need of substantial revision.

The purpose of this article is to investigate the storing behaviours in the South of France in the late Neolithic period, in plateaus and lowland structures. Plateaus are limestone formations that present multiple natural cavities for the Neolithic people to use, but in return, have no surface water to offer. The subterranean nature of water has profoundly shaped the storing behaviours in the plateaus as it is mostly turned towards water collection and storage. In the lowland area however, substructures were dug directly in the soil and ceramics were used aswell as possible organic containers. This paper aims to address the similarities and differences between the usage of caves and cellars. The application of a use-wear analysis on ceramic vessels brings new insights on past food practices.

https://difusion.ulb.ac.be/vufind/Record/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/280822/Holdings
SUMMARY
Since man’s arrival on the American continent, pre-Columbian civilizations came in contact with other societies, whether neighbors or distant ones. This work aims to study the links, the contact phenomena and the transmission models between the pre-Hispanic cultures. This matter is tackled not in a general way but through the ceramic shape of the stirrup spout bottle. Why this vessel ? Because it was produced over a large portion of the American continent for more than three millennia. It is therefore an essential feature of the material culture of these civilizations, especially for those of South America. Few elements make it possible to observe these phenomena on a large scale and particularly between the two major cultural zones of South and Central America. The stirrup spout bottle is yet one of those elements that has crossed time and space.
Three factors are analyzed to fully comprehend this vast topic: the geography, the chronology and the technology.
The first two factors are addressed together. The method consists in drawing up an exhaustive inventory of pre-Columbian cultures that produced this unique ceramic shape as well as to list its morphological characteristics. These data allow to better understand the degrees of relationship uniting these cultures. This will enable to map its diffusion at micro or macro regional level throughout the pre-Hispanic era, from the first copies found in Ecuadorian Amazon to the ones produced under the Inca Empire in Peru.
The third factor addresses the technology. It is approached through the notion of "operational chain". The research focuses on the construction stages of the bottle with an emphasis on the analysis of the macro-traces found on its inner surface. The study is based on a sample of sixty three stirrup spout bottles of which forty-nine were specifically analyzed for the purpose of this thesis via archaeometry and its medical imaging techniques (CT scan and X-ray radiography) as well as with the naked eye observations. The analyzed bottles mainly belong to the cultures of the Peruvian North Coast. The collected data enables to compare the manufacturing processes, identify convergences and divergences, and better understand the transmission and the technical know-how of this unique form.

MA Thesis.
In the presented thesis is documented and analyzed a finding fund that was obtained from ARCHAIA Olomouc, o. p. s from Opava-Dolní dvůr and Opava-Kylešovice. Also were monitored finding circumstances of the individual contexts. In the area of interest was assessed settlement structure with regard to natural conditions. The material was compared with findings in the adjacent areas Przeworsk culture. All categories of artifacts have been carefully compiled with using the appropriate analyzes and technological procedures. The thesis is complemented by micropetrography analysis of ceramic thin sections.

The method for appraisal of the degree of natural sand inclusions in raw material for the pottery paste is discussed in the paper. Selection of clay according to the amount of natural sand in it reflects the various cultural traditions in the ancient pottery production. That is why it is very important to test the amount of the sand in clay. The research of the amount of fine clay particles and the grain composition of natural mineral inclusions (first of all – sand) was made by 10 various clays. In all cases the author found out the proportion of the fine clay and the sand inclusions of different size. The received data are compared with the results of microscopic analysis of the same fired clays.
The author tries to propose the criterion for the division of natural fired clays according to the amount of natural sand inclusions of different size into high-sand, average-sand and low-sand clays. Nevertheless the author comes to the conclusion that the described in the paper method of grain composition is insufficient for the exact analysis. Thus, it is difficult to consider the received conclusions as ultimate result.

During the II millennium BC (Castelluccio culture, 2200 / 2100-1440-1420 BC), the area where the Greek colony of Megara Hyblaea will be founded, was characterized by several indigenous settlements. Among these, the most important sites are Bernardina, Secchiera, Mostringiano, Vallone della Neve and Cana Barbara, all located in the “cave”, a short distance from the rivers and the coast. They were explored for the  rst time by Paolo Orsi to the end of the nineteenth century. On that occasion, Orsi discovered numerous chamber tombs, mostly with well-preserved grave-goods. Most of the burials date back to the Early and Middle Sicilian Bronze Age, with some traces of later occupation.
As for the Early Bronze, the tombs generally contained a large amount of local pottery and stone tools, along with some metal objects. Although since then many excavations have been carried out by the Soprintendenza (mostly unpublished), the investigations of P. Orsi of the late nineteenth century have not yet been overcome. The same goes for the ceramic productions, the main indicator of the Castelluccio culture and never studied in the “megarese” area.
In this perspective, the analysis of ceramics from the necropolis of Bernardina (Orsi 1891), Secchiera (Orsi 1893), Vallone della Neve (Orsi 1899) and Cana Barbara (Orsi 1902) could provide signi cant data.
In autumn 2013, the Author was authorized by the director of the Archaeological Museum of Siracusa to start a complete study of all the material coming from the archaeological researches carried out by Orsi. Over 260 complete objects have been identi ed, belonging to the Early and Middle Bronze Age (objects in precious stone, basalt,  int, metal, bone and ceramics).
The aim of this work is the study and classi cation of Castelluccio-style pottery from the aforementioned sites in the context of the Bronze Age in Sicily. Paolo Orsi, between 1889 and 1899 published the preliminary re- ports, in which he brie y described the characteristics of some of the tombs and their grave-goods. The publica- tions included a few illustrations and schematic drawings of some objects. There were no further investigations on these sites by P. Orsi and he has never published a  nal report. The materials discovered by Orsi are now kept at the Archaeological Museum of Siracusa and they are largely unknown and almost forgotten.
The 51 ceramic samples from the above mentioned sites make an important contribution to the knowledge of the ceramic horizons of the Early and Middle Bronze Age chronological phases. In particular, 47 specimens belong to the Castelluccio style, 2 to the Rodì-Tindari-Vallelunga style and 2 to the Thapsos culture, that means Early and Middle Bronze Age.
The analysis of the ceramic production took place through an attempt at classi cation, organized according to morphological, dimensional and decorative criteria. Taxonomy is organized into a hierarchical system with  ve different levels of classi cation: Form, Group, Type, Variety and Variation.

"This paper synthesizes information on Late Preclassic Cerros pottery vessels from cache contexts.  An earlier version of this paper was presented at the 2009 Belize Archaeology Symposium while negotiations were underway to transfer the Cerros collections to the Florida Museum of Natural History (FLMNH) at the University of Florida in Gainesville. Prior to that time, most of the materials had been stored in Dallas for more than 20 years and were difficult for researchers to access. Thanks to an agreement between permit holder David Freidel, the FLMNH, represented by Susan Milbrath and Debra Walker, and the Belize Department of Archaeology, represented by Jaime Awe, the transfer was completed at the end of 2009. Since that time Milbrath and Walker secured funding to curate the collection and create an online database of artifact images and other site records, termed the Cerros Research Online Catalogue (CROC). That work is still in progress, although a preliminary web site is active for viewing portions of the collection, www.flmnh.ufl.edu/latinarch/cerros/gallery.htm.

Unless otherwise noted, the figures and tables in this report were created by the author from FLMNH and CROC resources. Most of the pottery vessels illustrated have been photographed as a result of the 2009 transfer to the FLMNH. New images as well as details gained from curating artifacts and records improved the report dramatically. About 80 artifacts including pottery vessels from the 1970s project remain in the Belize Vault and are not part of the FLMNH collections. Images of those materials presented here are taken from the CROC photo archive which includes original project slides and photographs that have been digitized since 2009. The quality in these archival images is variable, but they add depth to the work as a whole. Most of these vessels have not been published before.
"