Amnesia

Several investigators have suggested that microcomputers might serve as useful external aids for memory-impaired patients. However, knowledge of basic computer vocabulary may be necessary for patients to use and benefit from a microcomputer. The present paper describes a procedure, the method of vanishing cues, which facilitated the acquisition of computer-related vocabulary in four memory-impaired patients. The method involves the systematic reduction of letter fragments of to-be-learned words across trials. Although learning was slow and strongly dependent on first-letter cues, all patients acquired a substantial amount of the vocabulary and eventually were able to produce the target words in the absence of fragment cues. Further, they retained the vocabulary over a 6-week interval and showed some transfer of the knowledge they had acquired. These findings suggest that memory-impaired patients may eventually be able to use a microcomputer as a prosthetic device.

Concussion (defined as a traumatically induced alteration in mental status, not necessarily with loss of consciousness) is a common form of sports-related injury too often dismissed as trivial by physicians, athletic trainers, coaches, sports reporters, and athletes themselves. While ...

« Que serait un musée du trou de mémoire ? » se demandaient jadis Alain Gauthier et Henri-Pierre Jeudy . Cette question étrange est au cœur du pénultième roman de Claudio Magris, Non luogo a procedere. Dans l’excellente traduction de Jean et Marie-Noëlle Pastureau , le titre français, Classé sans suite, renvoie à l’abandon de toute poursuite judiciaire et annonce à quel point le lieu du musée, central dans ce livre, est lié à la question de l’amnésie collective : « Ce n’est pas contre l’oubli que je lutte, mais contre l’oubli de l’oubli, contre la coupable inconscience d’avoir voulu oublier » (CSS, 430). Comment un tel oubli au carré appelle, chez Magris, une vocation amnésiologique très différente du devoir ou du travail de mémoire souvent attribué aux œuvres d’art et à la littérature ? Dans une perspective sociocritique, cet article examine la richesse de cette mise en fiction d’un musée de l’oubli qui expose à la fois une histoire locale, celle de Trieste, et continentale, celle de la Mitteleuropa à l’heure des matins bruns.

This text politicizes unlearning processes in #shitholes presented in the format of an unconventional syllabus. My proposed questions to readers in light of the Trumpism era are: How are they made? Who has created them? Do you know where they are located? If you looked at a map, can you point them out? What are they? When do they appear?

The advancements in science and technology put a lot of threat on the quality of life of people which demanded enormous adjus tment in all facets of life. The cut throat competition in today's world affected both cognitive and emotional resources of people. The prime function of education is developing healthy and harmonious citizens, which could be achieved by developing the cognitive, social, emotional, moral and spiritual components of personality. It is witnessed from the practices that the ‗youth' population forms a major section of the society, which is un able to cope up with the social pressures and demands. Emotional intelligence incorporates the complexity of individuals' capabilities with respect to their emotional and social health. The development of the emotional skills mostly depends on the quality of family environment An attempt is made to find out the influence of family environment on emotional intelligence among youth. 240 students from twelfth standard in and around Harur Taluk of Dharmapuri District, Tamil Nadu were selected through stratified random sampling and the data was collected with the help of Family Environment Scale by Bhatia and Chadha and Emotional Quotient Inventory by BarOn. The results revealed that the family environment of youth had significant influence on their emotional intelligence. Youth differ in their emotional intelligence on the basis of gender, cours e of study and income of the family. It is suggested by this study that emotional intelligence among youth can be fostered, by providing suitable opportunities within family as well as in education al institutions.

Epilepsy in children leads to disorders in their psychomotor development or the loss of their acquired skills. Successful pharmacological treatment of epilepsy provides grounds for effective therapeutic measures. The goal of this article is to present the dynamics of neurodevelopmen-tal disorders in the course of the severe symptomatic epilepsy with status epileptici which affected a 10-year-old girl. As a result of longitudinal studies, four stages were distinguished which determined the dynamics of development of the disease: 1) up to the age of 10, when the child's psycho-motor development proceeded correctly, 2) between the ages of 10 and 15, when, because of epilepsy , the disorders in the cognitive, linguistic, emotional, behavioural, motor, and vegetative spheres occurred, which assumed the form of profound dementia, 3) between the ages of 16 and 17, when the balance of the bioelectric activity of the brain was achieved owing to the optimisation of pharmacological treatment, 4) between the ages of 17 and 25, when, after the multi-specialist therapy, there was a significant improvement in the functioning of all the disordered spheres, which enabled the patient to finish junior and senior high school, apply to a university, obtain very good results in learning, and to achieve spectacular successes in sport.

A case of retrograde amnesia, PJM, elucidated the relationship between self, episodic memory and autobiographical knowledge. Results from a variety of measures including the I Am Memory Task (IAM Task), where memories are cued by self-generated self concepts, demonstrate that PJM has a coherent, continuous sense of self, despite having lost episodic memories for an 18-month period. Her use of conceptual autobiographical knowledge, in episodic tasks and to support aspects of identity, shows how autobiographical knowledge can support the self when episodic memories are inaccessible. These results are discussed with relation to current neuropsychological models
of self and memory.

The study addressed the hypothesis that the content of confabulation is emotionally biased. Confabulating amnesic patients were compared with amnesic non-confabulating patients in a memory recognition experiment that manipulated the valence (pleasant, unpleasant), temporal source (past, present, future) and selection agent (self, other) of the to-be-recognised memories. The results revealed that confabulating patients were more likely than amnesic non-confabulating patients to incorrectly recognise past autobiographical events or thoughts as currently relevant memories, and this was more pronounced for pleasant compared to unpleasant events. These findings suggest that motivational factors, along with defective reality and temporality monitoring, contribute to confabulation.

Il saggio prende le mosse dalla distinzione tipologica tra il tema dell’oblio e quello dell’amnesia, riconducendo la genesi del secondo nell’alveo della modernità novecentesca e, più precisamente, all’evento traumatico della Grande guerra. Successivamente, attraverso la lettura di alcuni testi chiave di Rebecca West, Jean Giraudoux, Jean Anouilh e Luigi Pirandello, viene ripercorsa la storia del personaggio amnesico nella letteratura del primo Novecento e viene proposta una interpretazione della sua funzione nelle trame narrative e nell’immaginario di quegli anni.

The essay starts from the typological distinction between the themes of oblivion and amnesia, bringing back the genesis of literary amnesia within the twentieth-century modernity and, more specifically, to the traumatic event of World War I. Subsequently, by reading some key texts of Rebecca West, Jean Giraudoux, Jean Anouilh and Luigi Pirandello, I try to retrace the history of the amnesic character in early twentieth century literature and give an interpretation of its function in the narrative plots and in the imaginary of those years.

NB: Questo è solo un estratto con le prime pagine dell'articolo. La versione completa può essere scaricata dal sito dell'editore (www.allegoriaonline.it).

This paper describes a new technique for assessing "autobiographical" and "personal semantic" memory in amnesic patients and healthy controls. It provides evidence of the reliability and validity of the procedure, and reports an age-related temporal gradient in amnesic patients. The results are considered in terms of the severity, the rate of onset, and the duration of the amnesia; and a preliminary analysis is given of the findings in different diagnostic groups. The findings indicate that autobiographical and personal semantic memory show a consistent pattern of impairment, when a comparison is made which controls for the age of the memories and the subject's own past experience.

Neurological amnesia has been and remains the focus of intense study, motivated by the drive to understand typical and atypical memory function and the underlying brain basis that is involved. There is now a consensus that amnesia associated with hippocampal (and, in many cases, broader medial temporal lobe) damage results in deficits in episodic memory, delayed recall, and recollective experience. However, debate continues regarding the patterns of preservation and impairment across a range of abilities, including semantic memory and learning, delayed recognition, working memory, and imagination. This brief review highlights some of the influential and recent advances in these debates and what they may tell us about the amnesic condition and hippocampal function.

O Candomblé jeje-nagô estabeleceu-se na Bahia nos finais do século XIX e primeiros anos do século XX, durante o período final da trata de escravos oriundos da chamada Costa dos Escravos. Diante de um novo contexto cultural e regional, que era a Bahia de então, os escravos das cidades yorùbá e ewe-fon, muitos dos quais representando grupos étnicos/reinos rivais, forjaram uma nova realidade religiosa, a partir das memórias partilhadas e das similitudes culturais e, bem assim, colhendo contributos a outros grupos étnicos africanos e ao catolicismo popular. Este texto foca a problemática do esquecimento em termos: das diferenças étnicas e políticas nos episódios fundacionais do Candomblé, não obstante a diversidade das suas nações (ficcionais); da escravatura como um processo de reconfiguração identitária que conduziu a uma espécie de amnésia causada pelo traumático desenraizamento/exílio forçado; da agência masculina. De igual modo, está em análise a complexa utopia da fundação do Candomblé como uma religião de continuidade com a África e de realeza africana, numa mistura entre " passado mítico " e " lar imaginado " , narrativa que curiosamente esquece o processo crioulo de descontinuidade e " adaptação criativa " , visível nos aspetos estéticos do ritual.

Abstract
The jeje-nagô Candomblé was established in Bahia between 19th century and the early years of 20th, during the last days of slave trade, from the so-called " Slaves Coast ". In a new cultural and regional environment – which was Bahia in those days –, African slaves from Yorùbá and Ewe-Fon towns, many of them representing rival ethnic groups/kingdoms, forged a new religious framework using shared memories and cultural similitudes, and collected pieces from other African groups and Portuguese Catholicism. This text focuses the oblivion of: ethnic and political differences in Candomblé foundational moments, despite it (fictional) " nations " ; slavery as a process of identity reconfiguration that led to a sort of Amnesia caused by the uprooting trauma/forced exile; male agency; and the complex utopia of Candomblé as a religion of continuity to Africa and African royalty, in a mixture of " mythical past " and " imagined homeland " , which curiously forget the creole process of discontinuity and " creative adaptation " , visible in ritual aesthetic aspects.

This work focuses on the theme of amnesia and in particular on the clinical, psychopathological and neurophysiological elements. It is evident that the resolution of the amnestic condition depends mainly on the clinical cause that originates it and therefore on its management and recovery. Amnesia is therefore a symptom of a more extensive pathological condition, which must be investigated and treated with the best possible techniques, except for the hypotheses of irreparable damage.