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Israeli Hebrew is a spoken language, 'reinvented' over the course of the twentieth century. It has responded to the social demands of the newly emerging state, as well as to escalating globalization, with a vigorously developing lexicon, enriched by multiple foreign language contacts. In this detailed and rigorous study, the author provides a principled classification of neologisms, their semantic fields and the roles of source languages, along with a sociolinguistic study of purists' and ordinary native speakers' attitudes towards lexical enrichment. His analysis of the tension between linguistic creativity and the preservation of a distinct language identity takes the discussion beyond the case of Israeli, through innovative comparisons with Revolutionized Turkish, Mandarin Chinese, Japanese, Arabic, Yiddish, Estonian, Swahili, pidgins and creoles, and other languages. At the beginning of the third millennium, our world is characterized by worldwide communication and the vast distribution of technological and 'talknological' devices. The mobility of the word respects no borders and the extent of that mobility may not be paralleled even in future (less heterogeneous) generations. The study of the modes and dynamics of language contact could hardly be more timely. Contents Acknowledgements Abbreviations Introduction 1. New Perspectives on Lexical Enrichment 2. The Case of Israeli: Multisourced Neologization (MSN) as an Ideal Technique for Lexical Enrichment 3. Addition of Sememe Versus Introduction of Lexeme 4. MSN in Various Terminological Areas 5. Sociolinguistic Analysis: Attitudes Towards MSN in 'Reinvented Languages' 6. The Source Languages 7. Statistical Analysis 8. Conclusions and Theoretical Implications Appendix: Transcription, Transliteration and Translation References Index Review Excerpts '..fascinating and multifaceted... a paean to linguistic creativity. It is especially timely in the present historical context of rapid globalization and linguistic inter-influence.' - Professor James A. Matisoff, Department of Linguistics, University of California, Berkeley 'The volume is extremely impressive. Zuckermann demonstrates a mastery of European and Hebrew lexicography... In addition to developing a rigorous analytical framework, he offers many detailed word (and compound) histories and carves out a well-defined position on issues of much significance.' - Jeffrey Heath, Professor of Linguistics, University of Michigan '...this is the first time that anyone has drawn attention to the extent to which 'phono-semantic matching' applies in word formation...a most important contribution to the study of Israeli Hebrew word formation in particular and of language change in general.' - Shmuel Bolozky, Professor of Hebrew, University of Massachusetts 'This book will interest not only researchers and graduate students in the topic but also Hebraists. Moreover, any layman who loves words will find it absorbing and entertaining... it is both scholarly and original [and] an outstanding contribution to the science of etymology.' - Professor Geoffrey Lewis, St Antony's College, University of Oxford 'The book is an outstanding piece of scholarship which undoubtedly represents a milestone in the field of lexicology. Zuckermann's attention to details has made the work a mini-encyclopaedia, much in the tradition of Jewish scholarship. Generally, his etymologies are well thought out and set a standard for current and future research.' - Joseph T. Farquharson, LinguistList http://www.linguistlist.org/issues/16/16-1399.html Subject List Language and culture; Languages in contact; Lexicology; Linguistics; Aavik; Afroasiatic languages; American English; Americanization; Anthropology; Anthropological linguistics; Arabic language; Aramaic; Arts; Asian languages; Ben-Yehuda;; Bible; Bilingualism; Bloomfield; Borrowing; Camouflage; Change; Chinese language; Comparative linguistics; Contact linguistics; Creativity; Creole dialects; Culture; Derrida; Dictionaries; Education; English as the global language; English language--Foreign countries; English language--Influence on foreign languages; Estonian; Etymology; Europe; Far East; Foreign Language - Dictionaries / Phrase Books; Foreign Language Study; French language--Influence on foreign languages; Gender; German language--Influence on foreign languages; Globalization; Grammar, Comparative and general--Word formation; Greek language--Influence on foreign languages; Hamito-Semitic languages; Hebrew; Hebrew language--Foreign words and phrases; Hebrew language--New words; Hebrew language--Revival; Hebrew language--Word formation; Historical linguistics; History; Human behaviour; Humanities; Indo-European languages; Innovation; Israel; Jamaican Creole; Japanese language; Imitation; ; Jewish learning and scholarship; Jewish languages; Judaic studies; Judaism; Language; Language and languages--Etymology; Language and languages--Orthography and spelling; Language planning; Lexical enrichment; Lexicography; Lexicon/lexis; Linguistic change; Mandarin; Medieval Hebrew(s); Middle East; Mishnah; Literature; Modern Hebrew; Morphology; Multilingualism; Non-fiction; Old Testament; Orthography; Philology; Phonetics; Phonology; Pidgin languages; Polish language--Influence on foreign languages; Politics; Portuguese; Purism; Rabbinic Hebrew; Reference; Religion; Revitalization; Revival; Revolutions; Russian language--Influence on foreign languages; Saussure; Semantics; Semitic languages; Singlish (Singaporean English); Social Science; Society; Sociolinguistics; Sociology; Spanish; Survival; Swahili; Psychology; Psycholinguistics; Talmud; Turkish language; Vernacular; Vernacularization; Vocabulary; Yiddish language; Words; Writing; Written communication. REFERENCES If an item is written in a language other than English, German, French, Latin, Italian or Spanish, a translation is provided and the language is indicated in square brackets. CUP stands for Cambridge University Press and OUP for Oxford University Press. Aavik, Johannes 1921. Uute sõnade sõnastik (A Dictionary of New Words). Tallinn: A. Keisermanni Kirjastus (A. Keisermann Publishers). [Est.] Abramowitsch, Shalom Jacob ben Haim Moshe (see also Mendele Mokhér Sfarím) 1862. toldót hatéva 1 (History of Nature 1). Leipzig: C. W. Vollrath. (Based on a book by Harald Othmar Lenz) (Abramowitsch, also known as Sholem Yankev Broyde Abramovich, used from 1879 the pseudonym Méndele Mokhér Sfarím, or in Yiddish Méndele Móykher-Sfórim, lit. ‘Mendele the (Itinerant) Bookseller’) [ModH] Abramowitsch, Shalom Jacob ben Haim Moshe 1866. toldót hatéva 2: haóf (History of Nature 2: Birds). Zhitomir: A. S. Schadow. [ModH] Abramowitsch, Shalom Jacob ben Haim Moshe 1872. toldót hatéva 3: hazokhalím (History of Nature 3: Reptiles). Vilna: Romm. [ModH] Agnon, Shmuel Yosef 1953. élu veélu (These and Those). Jerusalem – Tel Aviv: Schocken. [I] Aharoni, Y. (Israel) 1935. ‘kipód’ (The word kipód ‘hedgehog’). Lešonénu 6: 137-63. (Originally written in Berlin in 1912) [I] Aitchison, Jean M. 1981. Language Change: Progress or Decay? CUP. Akadém (The Bulletin of the Academy of the Hebrew Language) 1993-2000 (Issues 1-15). Einat Gonen (ed., 5-15). Jerusalem: The Academy of the Hebrew Language. [I] Akhiasaf, Oded, Raanan Akhiasaf, Guni Rader and Shlomi Prais (eds) 1993. leksikón hasléng haivrí vehatsvaí (The Lexicon of Hebrew and Military Slang). Tel Aviv: Prolog. [I] Alcalay, Reuben 1964. The Complete Hebrew-English Dictionary. Tel Aviv – Jerusalem: Massadah. (4 vols) Alcalay, Reuben 1967. leksikón loazí ivrí khadásh – kolél nivím ufitgamím (New Lexicon of Foreign Words and Phrases in Hebrew). Ramat Gan: Massada. [I] Allen, William Sidney 1978. Vox Latina: A Guide to the Pronunciation of Classical Latin. CUP. (2nd Edition, 1st Edition: 1965) Allsop, Richard 1996. The Oxford Dictionary of Caribbean English Usage. OUP. Almagor, Dan 1993. ‘masá haadlayáda’ (adlayáda: The Purim Carnival). Leshonenu La’am 44 (2): 51-61. [I] Almagor, Dan 1995. ‘milonyáda’ (The Ending -yáda in Israeli). Leshonenu La'am 46: 47-58. [I] Alon, Azaria (ed.) 1983. hakháy vehatsoméakh shel érets yisraél (Plants and Animals of the Land of Israel [An Illustrated Encyclopedia]). Tel Aviv – Jerusalem – Ramat Gan: Ministry of Defence – Society for the Protection of Nature. [I] Altbauer, Moshe 1945. ‘mekorá haivrí shel hamilá sitwa’ (The Hebrew Origin of the Word sitwa). Lešonénu 14: 85-7. [I] Alterman, Nathan 1963. ktavím (vol. iii): hatúr hashvií t..j.d.-t..k.b. (Written Works, vol. iii: The ‘Seventh Column’ 1954-62). Hakibbutz Hameuchad; Davar. [I] Anashím uMakhshevím (People and Computers: The Personal Computers Magazine) 1984-5. Israel. [I] Anderson, Stephen A. 1992. A-morphos Morphology. CUP. Andriotis, Nikolaos P. (Ανδριώτης, Νικόλαος Π.; Andriōtēs) 1967. etimoloyikó leksikó tis kinís neoelinikís (Ετυμολογικό Λεξικό της Κοινής Νεοελληνικής; Etymologiko lexiko tēs koinēs neoellēnikēs) (Etymological Dictionary of Common Modern Greek). Salonika (Thessaloniki): Institouton Neoellēnikōn Spoudōn. (2nd Edition) [ModGk] Anttila, Raimo 1989. Historical and Comparative Linguistics. Amsterdam – Philadelphia: John Benjamins. (2nd Edition) Anttila, Raimo and Sheila Embleton 1995. ‘The Iconic Index: from Sound Change to Rhyming Slang’ in Iconicity in Language, Raffaele Simone (ed.), Amsterdam – Philadelphia: John Benjamins, pp. 87-118. Appel, René and Pieter Muysken 1987. Language Contact and Bilingualism. London – Baltimore – Melbourne – Auckland: Edward Arnold (a division of Hodder and Stoughton). Arikha, Yaakov . 1954. ‘bkhár lekhá shem mishpakhá ivrí’ (Choose a Hebrew Surname). Leshonenu La'am 5 (9-10). [I] Assaf, David and Israel Bartal 1993. ‘gilguló shel zanáv: mekhatsrót hakhasidím el hasléng hayisraelí’ (The Metamorphosis of zanáv: From assidic Courts to Israeli ...
2024 •
Regional or international trade has always played a central role in the history of Georgia. Trade routes made it possible to establish close political, cultural and economic relations with neighboring as well as distant countries. The kingdom of Georgia’s territorial expansion towards Arran, Shirvan, and Armenia in the 11th-13th centuries was largely driven by economic and trade reasons, namely the desire to control the regional trade routes which criss-crossed Dvin, Barda, Ganja, Tbilisi, Ani, Trebizond, Ahlat, Tabriz and many other major cities along Georgia’s southern borders. The present article will also pay attention to the changes to the trade routes in the Caucasus region caused by the Mongols and how their invasions changed the kingdom of Georgia’s position in the regional commerce. By mid-13th century new major trade corridors connecting Asia with the Middle East and the Black Sea were geographically distanced from Georgia harming the latter’s geopolitical position in the region.
An excerpt from the book "Heidegger's Way of Being" (University of Toronto/Amazon), Chapter 3. The dynamic character of Being. Being "exceeds" language, sense, meaning.
International Journal of Constitutional Law
Is it time to abandon the theory of Democracy? The problem with the people: Afterword to the Foreword by Sergio Verdugo2023 •
Sergio Verdugo’s provocative Foreword challenges us to think about whether the concepts we inherited from classical constitutionalism are still useful for understanding our current reality. Verdugo refutes any attempt to defend what he calls “the conventional approach to constituent power.” The objective of this article is to contradict Verdugo’s assertions which, the Foreword claims, are based on an incorrect notion of the people as a unified body, or as a social consensus. The article argues, instead, for the plausibility of defending the popular notion of constituent power by anchoring it in a historical and dynamic concept of democratic legitimacy. It concludes that, although legitimizing deviations from the established channels for political transformation entails risks, we must assume them for the sake of the emancipatory potential of constituent power.
2019 •
Plataformas por el derecho a la vivienda de toda Europa habían convocado, para el día 6 de abril de 2019, manifestaciones en las principales ciudades del continente con un doble objetivo: por un lado, dar a conocer y recoger apoyos para la Iniciativa Ciudadana Housing for all, la cual persigue obligar a los Estados miembros de la Unión Europea (UE) a incrementar el parque de vivienda pública disponible y, por otro, denunciar la existencia de un problema de emergencia habitacional ocasionado por una enorme burbuja en el mercado del alquiler urbano. En Barcelona, y otras ciudades catalanas, dicha acción fue convocada bajo el lema Punxem la bombolla por entidades y colectivos como el Sindicat de Llogaters i Llogateres, la Plataforma d'Afectats per la Hipoteca (PAH), así como asambleas, asociaciones de vecinos y vecinas, sindicatos de barrio y pueblos, y otras organizaciones vinculadas a la defensa de los derechos sociales. Según recogieron diversos medios de comunicación, la convocatoria logró juntar, finalmente, a unas cinco mil personas. Entre los mensajes que exhibían en sus carteles y pancartas los diferentes colectivos y personas asistentes a la movilización era posible leer mensajes como "Por el derecho a la vivienda", "Blackstone, gringo yo no pringo" o "L'habitatge és un dret no un negoci", muy vinculados al motivo principal de la protesta, la cuestión de la vivienda, pero también alusiones más amplias a procesos de índole urbana, como "Les ciutats són de qui les habita, no de qui especula" o "Vallcarca no està en venda". La movilización, que transcurrió sin incidentes entre dos puntos muy simbólicos de la ciudad-Jardinets de Gràcia y Plaça Catalunya-, permitió, además, en contra de las habituales calificaciones a este tipo de movimientos como de índole reactiva, dar a conocer toda una batería de propuestas para luchar contra las dinámicas denunciadas. Éstas iban desde la necesidad de regular los precios del alquiler, la congelación temporal de los alquileres vigentes o la municipalización del suelo urbano y la expropiación de viviendas vacías de los grandes tenedores, hasta la necesidad de avanzar en la autoorganización y autodefensa vecinal con el fin de luchar, entre otras cuestiones, contra la especulación en el mercado inmobiliario o la privatización del espacio público.
Journal of Medieval History
Gregory the Great, the Rule of Benedict and Roman liturgy: the evolution of a legend2011 •