TAM

TAM or Tam may refer to:

Science

  • TAM Mild Jalapeño, a milder breed of jalapeño pepper first cultivated at Texas A&M University
  • Tamoxifen, an antagonist of the estrogen receptor in breast tissue
  • Teen Age Message, a Messaging to Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence project, realized during August–September 2001
  • Transparent Anatomical Manikin, an educational device consisting of a plastic transparent human body
  • Tam (unit), a traditional Asian unit of weight
  • Thioacetamide, an organosulfur compound
  • Tumor-associated macrophage, a type of white blood cell (macrophage) within or closely associated with cancer tumors.
  • Technology

  • Technology acceptance model, an information systems theory
  • Telecom Application Map
  • Telephone answering machine, a device used for automatically answering telephone calls
  • IBM Tivoli Access Manager, access control software
  • Twentieth Anniversary Macintosh, a computer built by Apple Computer
  • Technical Account Manager, a role of agent in sales engineering
  • Transport and military

  • Tamworth railway station (National Rail code), England
  • Tan (surname)

    Tan, the pinyin romanization of , is the 67th most common surname in China. The surname Chen based on the various Min dialects also sometimes romanizes as "Tan".

    Origin

    Two origins have been suggested for the Tan surname:

  • The surname came from the ancient State of Tan which was located in the western part of what is now Shandong Province. During the Spring and Autumn Period, this state was conquered by the neighbouring State of Qi. The court changed their surname to Tan in remembrance of their defeated homeland, and later prospered in Hunan Province.
  • The surname came from the less common surname 談, another with the same pronunciation in Mandarin Chinese and Cantonese Chinese. In order to avoid the revenge of their enemies, the clan leaders changed it to 譚.
  • A study by geneticist Yuan Yida has found that people with either of the two Tan surnames are especially concentrated in Hunan Province which would tend to support these accounts. This does not mean that they are the most common surnames in that province.

    Ud (cuneiform)

    The cuneiform ud sign, also ut, and with numerous other syllabic uses, as well as multiple sumerogramic uses is a common sign for the mid 14th-century BC Amarna letters and the Epic of Gilgamesh. The sign is constructed upon the single vertical stroke , with various positionings of two wedge-strokes at the left, sometimes approximately centered, or often inscribed upwards to the left, the second wedge-stroke (or 'angled line-stroke'), occasionally inscribed/ligatured upon the first. The wedge-strokes can have any size, are often smaller than the vertical, but as an example, Amarna letter EA 256, can be almost as large as the vertical.

    In the Epic of Gilgamesh, sign ud is listed as used for the following linguistic elements:

  • lah
  • par
  • pir
  • tam
  • ud
  • ut
  • uṭ
  • Sumerograms

  • BABBAR--"silver"
  • UD--"daily", "day", (2nd "daily"-(no. 2))
  • UTU--"sun"
  • The usage numbers for each linguistic element in the Epic of Gilgamesh are as follows:lah--(2), par--(5), pir--(4), tam--(32), --(46), ud--(30), ut--(95), uṭ-(7), BABBAR-(1), UD-(75), UTU-(58).

    Picul

    A picul /ˈpɪkəl/ or tam is a traditional Asian unit of weight, defined as "a shoulder-load, as much as a man can carry on a shoulder-pole".

    History

    The word pikul appeared as early as the mid 9th century in Javanese.

    Following Spanish, Portuguese, British and most especially the Dutch colonial maritime trade, the term picul was both a convenient unit, and a lingua franca unit that was widely understood and employed by other Austronesians (in modern Malaysia and the Philippines) and their centuries-old trading relations with Indians, Chinese and Arabs. It remained a convenient reference unit for many commercial trade journals in the 19th century. One example is Hunts Merchant Magazine of 1859 giving detailed tables of expected prices of various commodities, such as coffee, e.g. one pikul of Javanese coffee could be expected to be bought from 8 to 8.50 Spanish dollars in Batavia and Singapore.

    Definitions

    As for any traditional measurement unit, the exact definition of the picul varied historically and regionally. In imperial China and later, the unit was used for a measure equivalent to 100 catties.

    Tanque Argentino Mediano

    The Tanque Argentino Mediano (TAM; English: Argentine Medium Tank) is the main battle tank in service with the Argentine Army. Lacking the experience and resources to design a tank, the Argentine Ministry of Defense contracted German company Thyssen-Henschel. The vehicle was developed by a German and Argentine team of engineers, and was based on the German Marder infantry fighting vehicle.

    The TAM met the Argentine Army's requirement for a modern, lightweight and fast tank with a low silhouette and sufficient firepower to defeat contemporary armored threats. Development began in 1974 and resulted in the construction of three prototypes by early 1977 and full-scale production by 1979. Assembly took place at the local 9,600-square-meter (103,000 sq ft) TAMSE plant, founded for the purpose by the Argentine government. Economic difficulties halted production in 1983, but manufacturing began anew in 1994 until the army's order of 200 tanks was fulfilled.

    The TAM series includes seven different variants, such as a 155 mm (6.1-inch) self-propelled howitzer and a self-propelled mortar vehicle. In total, over 280 such vehicles were built, including armored personnel carriers, artillery and mortar pieces. The TAM and VCTP (Infantry Fighting Vehicles based on the TAM chassis) were manufactured for the Peruvian Army, only to be integrated into the Argentine Army when Peru canceled the contract. The TAM also competed for other export orders, but the TAM was ultimately not exported.

    Tam (women's hat)

    The Tam was a millinery design for women based on the tam o' shanter military cap and the beret. Sometimes it was also known as a tam cap or the traditional term tam o'shanter might also be used. It became popular in the early 1920s, when it followed the prevailing trends for closer-fitting hats that suited shorter hairstyles and for borrowing from men's fashion; other traditional men's hats that rose to popularity in women's fashion during this period included the top hat and bowler.

    Design and origins

    The tam was a draped design that came in a variety of shapes and fabrics. Often it had a stiffened and close-fitting inner cap, over which fabric could be draped in a variety of ways.

    Along with other headgear formerly reserved for men – including the top hat and bowler – it was popular by the 1920s, suiting the fashion for shorter hairstyles. A 1920 article in The Guardian described the prevalence of closer fitting designs based on the tam' o shanter in combination with more ornate blouses and neater hairstyles, noting: "Since the majority of blouses follow Greek or quasi-Greek lines, it is natural for the hat worn with them to follow also the Greek type of headgear". The article noted that its versatility was another reason for current popularity: "it can be twisted and folded into the close-fitting shapes that are so remarkably becoming...it lends itself admirably to...all kinds of embroidery or needlework stitched apparently at random over it".

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