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Rob Hubbard (born 1955,[1][2] Kingston upon Hull, England) is a music composer best known for his composition of computer game theme music, especially for microcomputers of the 1980s such as the Commodore 64. His work showcased the potential of the Commodore 64's sound hardware and provided many examples of how appropriate music can improve the gaming experience.
Contents |
Early career [link]
In the late seventies, before scoring games, he was a professional studio musician. He decided to teach himself BASIC and machine code for the Commodore 64.
Gremlin Graphics [link]
Writing a few demos and some educational software for learning music, he approached Gremlin Graphics in 1985 with samples of his work, in an attempt to market his software. Gremlin was more interested in the tunes than the software, and he was asked to create the soundtrack for Thing on a Spring, a platform game.
Hubbard went on to write or convert themes for games such as Monty on the Run, Crazy Comets, Master of Magic and Commando. Some of his most popular tunes include also Thrust, Spellbound, Sanxion, Auf Wiedersehen Monty and International Karate. The game Knucklebusters includes Hubbard's longest tune: a 17 minute opus.
Move to Electronic Arts and the USA [link]
After working for several different companies, he left Newcastle in 1989 to work for Electronic Arts in America as a composer. He was the first person devoted to sound and music at EA, and did everything from low-level programming to composing. One of his most famous compositions during his period at EA is the music featured in the loading sequence of the C64 version of Skate or Die, which features samples of electric guitar. Playback of samples was facilitated by exploiting a flaw in the SID sound-synthesizer chip: altering the volume register produced an audible click, and altering the register thousands of times per second enabled a crude form of sample playback.[3] He eventually became Audio Technical Director, a more administrative job, deciding which technologies to use in games, and which to develop further. After the Commodore 64 period he wrote some soundtracks for games which appeared on the IBM PC and Sega Mega Drive.
Recent activities [link]
Hubbard recently contributed a few re-arrangements of his themes to Chris Abbott's C64 tribute Back in Time Live. Hubbard has performed several times with the Danish C64 cover-band Press Play on Tape who have covered many of his early tunes using a full rock-band arrangement. Hubbard has also performed his old music on piano with the support of violinist madfiddler.
In 2005, music from International Karate was performed live by a full orchestra at the third Symphonic Game Music Concert. The event took place in Leipzig, Germany. Hubbard arranged and orchestrated the piece.
Hubbard left EA in 2002 and returned to England. He has recently resumed playing in a band, and has even revisited his past game music work in concert. Recent composition jobs have included music for mobile phone games.
His original SID music can be found from The High Voltage SID Collection though emulated SID files occasionally sound quite different compared to authentic SID sound. The SOASC=[1] collection offers the HVSC#49 files recorded on real C64 machines.
Compositions [link]
- Commando (based on theme from Commando arcade game) (Elite Systems, 1985)
- Rasputin (Firebird, 1985)
- BMX Kids (The sampled voice saying "Go!" is actually Hubbard himself!) (Firebird, 1985)
- Monty on the Run (Heavily inspired by the title theme for the 1940's American detective radio show "Dick Barton") (Gremlin Graphics, 1985)
- Thing on a Spring (Gremlin Graphics, 1985)
- Confuzion (Incentive Software, 1985)
- Crazy Comets (Martech, 1985)
- Master of Magic (MAD/Mastertronic, 1985)
- The Last V8 (Mastertronic, 1985)
- Action Biker (Mastertronic, 1985)
- Formula 1 Simulator (Mastertronic, 1985)
- Hunter Patrol (Mastertronic, 1985)
- One Man and His Droid (Mastertronic, 1985)
- Battle of Britain (PSS, 1985)
- Harvey Smith Showjumping (Software Projects, 1985)
- Up, Up and Away (cover of a song by The 5th Dimension) (Starcade, 1985)
- Deep Strike (Durell, 1986)
- Bump Set Spike (Entertainment USA, 1986)
- Ninja (Entertainment USA, 1986)
- Chimera (Firebird, 1986)
- Gerry the Germ (Firebird, 1986)
- Proteus (Firebird, 1986)
- Thrust (Firebird, 1986)
- Warhawk (based on two different songs from John Keating album Space Experience) (Firebird, 1986)
- Lightforce (FTL, 1986)
- Geoff Capes Strongman Challenge (Martech, 1986)
- Samantha Fox Strip Poker (credited as John York, because as he says, "[it] was such a cheesy title and they wanted that cheesy lame music along with it - I didn't want to admit that I did it just for the money") (Martech, 1986)
- Tarzan (Martech, 1986)
- W.A.R. (Martech, 1986)
- Zoids (based on the track "Ancestors" from the Synergy album Audion) (Martech, 1986)
- Flash Gordon (MAD/Mastertronic, 1986)
- Spellbound (MAD/Mastertronic, 1986)
- Hollywood or Bust (Mastertronic, 1986)
- Human Race (Mastertronic, 1986)
- Kentilla (Mastertronic, 1986)
- Phantoms of the Asteroid (Mastertronic, 1986)
- Video Poker (Mastertronic, 1986)
- Knucklebusters (Melbourne House, 1986)
- International Karate (inspired in part by Ryuichi Sakamoto's "Merry Christmas, Mr. Lawrence") (System 3, 1986)
- Sanxion (Thalamus Ltd, 1986)
- Jet Set Willy (Atari 800 version) (Tynesoft, 1987)
- ACE II (Cascade, 1987)
- Saboteur II (Durell, 1987)
- Sigma 7 (Durell, 1987)
- Thanatos (Durell, 1987)
- Thundercats (Elite, 1987)
- Arcade Classics (Firebird, 1987)
- I-Ball (Firebird, 1987)
- Hydrofool (FTL, 1987)
- Shockway Rider (FTL, 1987)
- Auf Wiedersehen Monty (with Ben Daglish) (Gremlin Graphics, 1987)
- Chain Reaction (Kele-Line, 1987)
- Mega Apocalypse (Martech, 1987)
- Nemesis the Warlock (Martech, 1987)
- Wiz (contains a melody line from Premiata Forneria Marconi song Impressioni Di Settembre) (Melbourne House, 1987)
- Bangkok Knights (System 3, 1987)
- IK plus (International Karate plus) (System 3, 1987)
- Dragons Lair Part II (Software Projects, 1987)
- Star Paws (Software Projects, 1987)
- Delta (Thalamus Ltd, 1987)
- Trans Atlantic Balloon Challenge (Virgin, 1987)
- Goldrunner (Microdeal, 1987)
- 19 Part One: Boot Camp (an interpretation of Paul Hardcastle's "19") (Cascade, 1988)
- Jordan vs. Bird: One on One (Electronic Arts, 1988)
- Kings of the Beach (Electronic Arts, 1988)
- One-on-One 2 (Electronic Arts, 1988)
- Power Play Hockey (Electronic Arts, 1988)
- Skate or Die! (Electronic Arts, 1988)
- Skate or Die 2: The Search for Double Trouble (Electronic Arts, 1990)
- Pandora (PSI Soft Design/Firebird, 1988)
- Ricochet (Firebird, 1988)
- 688 Attack Sub (Electronic Arts, 1989)
- Budokan: The Martial Spirit (Electronic Arts, 1989)
- Indianapolis 500: The Simulation (Electronic Arts, 1989)
- Kings of the Beach (Electronic Arts, 1989)
- Lakers vs. Celtics and the NBA Playoffs (Electronic Arts, 1989)
- Populous (Electronic Arts, 1989)
- Hard Nova (Electronic Arts, 1990)
- Low Blow (Electronic Arts, 1990)
- Ski or Die (Electronic Arts, 1990)
- The Immortal (Electronic Arts,1990)
- Road Rash (with Michael Bartlow) (Electronic Arts, 1991)
- Desert Strike: Return to the Gulf (with Brian L. Schmidt) (Electronic Arts, 1991)
- Road Rash 2 (with Don Veca, and Tony Berkeley) (Electronic Arts, 1992)
- The Lost Files of Sherlock Holmes: The Case of the Serrated Scalpel (Electronic Arts, 1992)
- NHL Hockey '95 (Electronic Arts, 1994)
- The Lost Files of Sherlock Holmes: The Case of the Rose Tattoo (Electronic Arts, 1996)
- World War II Fighters (Electronic Arts, 1998)
- X Squad (Electronic Arts, 2000)
- Rumble Racing (Electronic Arts, 2001)
References [link]
- ^ ZZAP! 64, October 1985
- ^ Happy Computer 7/86
- ^ Paulie's SID Music Page (A Fourth Channel section) (6 April 2008). "SID Music". https://www.pauliehughes.com/page22/page22.html.
External links [link]
- C64Audio.com, Rob's publisher and record label
- Interview with Rob Hubbard at C64.COM
- Rob Hubbard's profile at MobyGames
- Artist profile at OverClocked ReMix
- Rob Hubbard discography at MusicBrainz
- Rob Hubbard's Music at CVGM
- Rob Hubbard at Last.fm
- Remix64's Interview with Rob Hubbard
- Legends of the C64 article on Rob Hubbard
- C64 Orchestra A classical orchestra that performs C64 game music of Rob Hubbard
https://wn.com/Rob_Hubbard
United States
Coordinates: 40°N 100°W / 40°N 100°W
The United States of America (USA), commonly referred to as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major territories and various possessions. The 48 contiguous states and Washington, D.C., are in central North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwestern part of North America and the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea. At 3.8 million square miles (9.842 million km2) and with over 320 million people, the country is the world's third or fourth-largest by total area and the third most populous. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries. The geography and climate of the United States are also extremely diverse, and the country is home to a wide variety of wildlife.
List of states and territories of the United States
The United States of America is a federal republic consisting of 50 states, a federal district (where the nation's seat of government–Washington, D.C.–is located), five major territories, and various possessions. The 48 contiguous states and Washington, D.C., are in central North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwestern part of North America (also bordering Canada) and the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea.
States are the primary subdivisions of the United States, and possess a number of powers and rights under the United States Constitution, such as regulating intrastate commerce, running elections, creating local governments, and ratifying constitutional amendments. Each state has its own constitution, grounded in republican principles, and government, consisting of three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial. All states and their residents are represented in the federal Congress, a bicameral legislature consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives. Each state is represented by two Senators, while Representatives are distributed among the states in proportion to the most recent constitutionally mandated decennial census. Additionally, each state is entitled to select a number of electors to vote in the Electoral College, the body that elects the President of the United States, equal to the total of Representatives and Senators in Congress from that state.Article IV, Section 3, Clause 1 of the Constitution grants to Congress the authority to admit new states into the Union. Since the establishment of the United States in 1776, the number of states has expanded from the original 13 to 50. Each new state has been admitted on an equal footing with the existing states.
United States (disambiguation)
United States usually refers to the United States of America, a country in North America.
United States may also refer to:
Countries
Historical
Radio Stations - Washington, D. C.
Podcasts:
Rob Hubbard
ALBUMS
- The Sound of Scenesat, Volume 3 released: 2014
- SID Chip Sounds: The Music of the Commodore 64 released: 2012
- Music for SID Chips released: 2007
- RUN 10 released: 2007
- Remix64: Megamix, Volume 1 released: 2006
- Revival ST released: 2005
- Back in Time Live! released: 2005
- Remix64 - Into Eternity released: 2004
- HVSC: 1988 released: 2004
- HVSC: 1986 released: 2004
- HVSC: 1987 released: 2004
- HVSC: 1985 released: 2004
- Sidologie released: 2003
- Karma64 released: 2002
- Remix64 released: 2002
- Back in Time, Volume 3: A Space Odyssey released: 2001
- Input 64 released: 2001
- C64 Hits, Volume 1: Back to the Roots released: 2000
- C64: Back in Time, Volume 2 released: 1999
- C64: Back in Time, Volume 1 released: 1997
- Power Game Hits released: 1992
- スーパーファミコンマガジンVol.4特別付録 released: 1992
The Sound of Scenesat, Volume 3
Released 2014- Staffroom
- La Nuit
- We Don't Like Bootleggers
- Moody Breeze (Peter W Summer Breeze remix)
- Analog Feel (Home Invasion edit)
- Open Dreams
- Red, Yellow and Blue
- More Cowbell
- Cauldron II (Subversive Elements & Tron - Le Citrouille SurL'Acide remix)
- God Damn Shit
- Version Three
- Cassiopeia
- Megavolt
- Living in a Dream
- Serenity
- Tingly Sensation
- B.F.O. Drift (Polka Dot mix)
- The Ocean
- Canniballad
- The Crystal Fragments
- The Sea
- Just Another Day
- Lost Colony (Byproduct Remix)
- Funky Augusto
- High Hopes
- Funkemistric
- Onward Ride (BeeZerk remix)
- Gem'x Round B (new arranged version)
- Elimination (2014 remake)
- Compilation III (Dr.Future remix)
- Pikaboo Lobotomy
- Street Wolf Rider
- My Childhood Was ElekTrick
- Solstråle
- Nails And Noodles
- Happen-O-Iowize (Mordi remix)
- Whiskey Drops
- Aye Aye Captain
- Let's Go
- Dance Un Funk
- Professional Tracker
- Snowflakes
- Organic Biochip
- The Sounds of Impossible Mission (The Glitch Experience)
- Marching Into Retrograde (album preview)
- Metal Machine (Saga Musix remix)
- Panic Room (T-101 Diesel remix)
- Divine Discreation (Revision edit)
- Borxx Redux
- Intro Fronty II
- Desolator (SIDized demo)
- Elysium
- Livin' Insanity (Teetow remix)
- Elekfunk (Teetow remix feat. Romeo Knight)
- Cannon Fodder (Amok Guns on the Beach remix)
- Fzzzt
- Containment Breach
- Critter Brunch (remastered)
- Grid Bug
- Law of Sines
- Cold Blur
- In Peace (feat. Snowflake)
- Future Sound of Rågsved
- Planck's Wife Swallows the Quantum Foam
- I Feel The Wind Beneath My Wings
- At Home (For T)
- But Look What I Can Do (Music for a Vampire OST, SceneSat edit)
- Father John Theme
- The Prophecy
- Miracle Mirage
- Intense
- The Conquest
- All That Time
- The Imaginary Megademo
- Spellbound (O2 Remix)
- Battle Ships (CZ-Tunes Title remix)
- Cream of the Earth (CoLD SToRAGE remix)
- Groovision
- Scion
- Druid II (Amok Druids Dance remix)
- Euro-Dance (Chronberg Recharged Nitro version)
- Her Plethora Scattered Around (Chasing the Mood edit)
- Blitzgewitter
- Scroller
- Urbanite (feat. Makke)
- Pollen
- Rift
- Sanity Lives
- Scarecrow
Music for SID Chips
Released 2007- Oxygene 4
- Orient Express
- Equinoxe 4
- Chronologie 3
- Equinoxe 5
- Magnetic Fields 2
- Industrial Revolution
- Calypso
- Zoolook (Remix)
- Oxygene 6
- Magnetic Fields 2
- Rendezvous 4
- Oxygene 4
- Magnetic Fields 1
- Ethnicolor
- Magnetic Fields 2
- Equinoxe 5 (Loco)
- Oxygene 2
- Magnetic Fields 2
- Arpeggiator
- Rendezvous 1
- Magnetic Fields 4
- Computer Weekend
- Magnetic Fields 5
Remix64: Megamix, Volume 1
Released 2006- Comic Bakery (Trancy version)
- Giana Sisters (Keep Da Scene Alive) (feat. Makke)
- Cobra
- Cauldron (Hexenküche Walpurgisnacht Hard Trance mix)
- Katakis (Trance mix 2K4)
- Lazy Jones
- Beginning (Full Speed remix)
- Creatures - Title (dance remix)
- Toytone Tribe (Childhood Memories remix)
- Hardcore Hubbard Mix
- Sweet (My Sun Shines On)
- Kikstart II (Kik-It mix)
- Buzzler (Push Me to the Max) (feat. Alena)
- Aztec Challenge (Quetzal Goa remix)
- Rambo - Loader (Blue Monday mix)
- Birthday (Magic Disk intro - 2005 remix)
- 9 Fingers (Refix)
- Flimbo's Quest
- Noisy Pillars (Euro-4-Sure mix)
- Selfmade.Exe (Z3ta club remix)
- Desert Dream - Intro V2
Karma64
Released 2002- Ocean Loader v2 (Jarre Landscape Mix)
- Miami Vice (Dance Choir Mix)
- Delta Victory Theme (Wonderful Ambience Mix)
- Wizball (Video Mix)
- Ocean Loader v4 (Boz Fingerclick BIT Live Mix)
- Mutants (Weird Organic Mix)
- Arkanoid (Mostly Ambient Mix)
- Chimera (Rain Mix)
- Way of the Exploding Fist (Temple Mix)
- Revenge of the Mutant Camels 2 (Nepal Oriental Mix)
- Gerry the Germ (Art of Germ Bladdermix)
- BMX Kids High-score (Crazee Mix)
- Sanxion ('Not Another Mix!' Mix)
- Flimbo's Quest High-score (90s House Mix)
- Crazy Comets (Uberfunk Mix)
- Monty on the Run (Mystery Machine Mix)
Remix64
Released 2002- Glider Rider (Trevor Horn style, by Markus Holler)
- Ark Pandora (Mike Oldfield style, by Mike Gommans)
- Green Beret (Vangelis style, by Thomas Detert)
- Human Race 4 (Stock, Aitken, & Waterman style, by Second Face vs. LMan)
- Ocean Loader I (Jarre/Magnetic Fields style, by Marcel Donné)
- Red Max (Paul Hardcastle style, by Fabian Del Priore)
- Deliverance (Vince Clarke style, by Glyn R. Brown)
- Platoon (The Killing Fields style, by Trace)
- Panther (Giorgio Moroder style, by Carlo Demichelis [DHS])
- Defender of the Crown (The Power Of Love style, by LMan)
- Ocean Loader IV (Giorgio Moroder / Kraftwerkstyle, by Marcel Donné)
- Hollywood Poker Pro (Nile Rogers style, by Fabian Del Priore)
- Storm (Pet Shop Boys style, by Glyn R. Brown)
- Starball (Chris Hülsbeck style, by N-Joy ofThe SoundWeavers)
- Hyper Aggressive (Art of Noise style, by Thomas Detert)
- Thrust (Human League style, by Slow Poison)
- Nemesis the Warlock (Depeche Mode style, by LMan & Wobbler)
Back in Time, Volume 3: A Space Odyssey
Released 2001- Agent X 2: The Launch
- War: First Steps Into the Cosmos
- Ancestors: Zoids Planet Flyby
- Shadowfire: Hyperspace
- Armalyte: Asteroid Storm
- Phantom of the Asteroids: The Chase
- Parallax Stroll: The Nebula
- Ancestors: Zoids Desert Battle
- Flash Gordon: The City Escape
- One Man and His Droid: Canyon Chase
- The Last V8: Race Against Time
- Delta in Game: The Voyage Home
- Trap: Battle for the Planet, Part 1
- Eve of the War: Facing the Aliens
- Trap: Battle for the Planet, Part 2
- Wizball High Score: The Celebrations
- Ancestors: End Credits
Input 64
Released 2001- Music From Turbo Outrun (intro)
- BMX Kidz Title Theme
- Alloy Run Main Theme
- Theme From Kinetix
- Boulder Dash
- The Last Ninja Wilderness In-Game
- Crazy Comets Main Theme
- Magnetic Fields IV (as used in Yie Ar Kung-Fu)
- Theme From Bubble Bobble
- Music From Turbo Outrun
- Final Theme From Baby of Can Guru
- Theme From Arkanoid
- One Man and His Droid Title Theme
- Insects in Space (intro)
- Boulder Dash II: Rockford's Revenge
- Theme From the Antics-Chip War
- Intro-Theme From Starball
- Monty on the Run Main Theme
- Music From Turbo Outrun (outro)
C64 Hits, Volume 1: Back to the Roots
Released 2000- The Last Ninja
- Roller Coaster
- Commando In-Game (remix)
- Ghosts 'N Goblins 'Trance Version' OC ReMix
- Ocean Loader
- Outrun (Passing Breeze)
- Auf Wiedersehen Monty
- Space Harrier
- Rambo (High Score)
- Rambo & Green Beret (Medley)
- Wizball
- Fairlight
- Commando (High Score)
- Lightforce
- Monty on the Run
- One Man and His Droid
- Phantoms of the Asteroids
- The Last V8
Power Game Hits
Released 1992- Monkey Island Theme
- Turrican II Theme
- Fire And Ice Theme
- Monty On The Run Theme
- Rock 'n Roll Theme
- Blade Of Destiny Theme
- Thing On A Spring Theme
- Z-Out Theme
- Z-Out Level II
- Giana Sisters Theme
- Mad TV Theme
- Paradroid 90 Theme
- Crazy Comets Theme
- Logical Theme
- Sanxion (Unreleased) Amiga
- Just A Tune Theme
- Shades
スーパーファミコンマガジンVol.4特別付録
Released 1992- キャプテン翼III - BGM1
- キャプテン翼III - BGM2
- キャプテン翼III - Halftime
- キャプテン翼III - BGM3
- キャプテン翼III - BGM4
- パロディウスだ! - TWINBEE's Theme
- パロディウスだ! - VIC VIPER's Theme
- パロディウスだ! - Tako's Theme
- パロディウスだ! - Pentaro's Theme
- Light Fantasy - BGM
- Light Fantasy - Field
- Light Fantasy - Battle
- Light Fantasy - Title Demo
- 甲竜伝説ヴィルガスト - Field
- 甲竜伝説ヴィルガスト - Battle
- プリンス・オブ・ペルシャ - Scorching Corridor
- SDガンダムX - BGM1
- SDガンダムX - BGM2
- SDガンダムX - BGM3
- SDガンダムX - BGM4
- SDガンダムX - BGM5
- 飛龍の拳S - Title Demo
- 飛龍の拳S - BGM1
- T.M.N.T. - Select
- T.M.N.T. - Roof
- T.M.N.T. - Down Town
- T.M.N.T. - Dinosaur
- Astral Bout - Theme
- Astral Bout - Epilogue
- Astral Bout - Blazing Fighting Spirit
- アダムスファミリー - Title
- アダムスファミリー - Karidan Hole
- アダムスファミリー - Game Room
- キャメルトライ - BGM1
- キャメルトライ - BGM2
- キャメルトライ - BGM3
- 甲子園2 - Koshien 2 Rooters' Song 1
- 甲子園2 - Koshien 2 Rooters' Song 2
- スーパーF1 サーカス - BGM6
- スーパーF1 サーカス - Title
- スーパーF1 サーカス - BGM2
- ウルティメイト フットボール - BGM1
- PGAツアーゴルフ - Title Demo
- スーパーダンクショット - Title Demo
- ゆうゆのクイズでＧＯＧＯ！ - King of Curry
- ゆうゆのクイズでＧＯＧＯ！ - Ending
- ソングマスター - Program Music 1
- F1 GRAND PRIX - BGM Medley
- ストリート ファイターⅡ - Player Selection
- ストリート ファイターⅡ - Japan (E. Honda)
- ストリート ファイターⅡ - United States (Bison)
- ストリート ファイターⅡ - Spain (Balrog)
- ストリート ファイターⅡ - United States (Ken)
- 摩訶摩訶 - Ururuka
- 摩訶摩訶 - Harite's Theme
- 摩訶摩訶 - Enemy Castle
- 摩訶摩訶 - Inside the Cave
