"Resident alien" and "Resident aliens" redirect here. For the album, see Resident Alien. For the book, see Resident Aliens. For non-human intelligent creatures, see Extraterrestrial life.
Legal status of persons
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Designations
Social politics

In law, an alien is a person in a country who is not a citizen of that country.[1]

Contents

Categorization [link]

Types of "alien" persons are:

  • An alien who is legally permitted to remain in a country which is foreign to him or her. On specified terms, this kind of alien may be called a legal alien of that country. This is a very broad category which includes tourists, guest workers, legal permanent residents and student visa resident aliens.
  • An alien who has temporary or permanent residence in a country (which is foreign to him/her) may be called a resident alien of that country. This is a subset of the aforementioned legal alien category.
  • An alien who is visiting a country (which is foreign to him/her) may be called a nonresident alien of that country. This is a subset of the aforementioned legal alien category.
  • An alien who is present in a country (which is foreign to him/her) unlawfully or without the country's authorization is known as an illegal alien of that country.[2] An undocumented alien commonly refers to a foreign national who resides in another country unlawfully, either by entering that country at a place other than a designated port-of-entry or as result of the expiration of a non-immigrant visa.
  • An enemy alien is an alien who is a national of an enemy country.

Specific jurisdictions [link]

Globe icon.
 The examples and perspective in this article may not represent a worldwide view of the subject. Please improve this article and discuss the issue on the talk page. (December 2010)
  • In Australia, alien status is regarded in relationship to citizenship status. The following documents normally constitute evidence of Australian citizenship:
    • a valid Australian passport
    • a birth certificate issued by or on behalf of an Australian state or territory (only for those born before 20 August 1986)
    • a certificate of evidence of Australian citizenship
    • an Australian naturalisation certificate
    • a certificate of Australian citizenship by descent

Some people who live in Australia are not Australian citizens - they are either permanent residents; temporary residents; or illegal residents (technically called "unlawful-non citizens").[3] Most non-citizens (i.e. those who lack citizenship documents) travelling to Australia must obtain a visa prior to travel. The only exceptions to this rule are members of the British royal family, and holders of New Zealand passports and citizenships who may apply for visas after travel according to the Trans-Tasman Travel Arrangement. [4]

  • In Latvian passports, alien is used for non-citizens (nepilsoņi): former citizens of USSR who don't have voting rights for parliament of Latvia but have specific rights and privileges under Latvian law and international bilateral treaties like they are simultaneously allowed to travel without visas both to EU and Russia, that is not possible for citizens.
  • In U.S. law, an alien is "any person not a citizen or national of the United States."[7] The U.S. Government's use of alien dates back to 1798, when it was used in the Alien and Sedition Acts.[8] U.S. law makes a clear distinction between aliens and immigrants by defining immigrants as a subset of aliens.[7] Although U.S. law provides no overarching explicit definition of the term "illegal alien," the term is used in many statutes[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] and elsewhere (e.g., court cases, executive orders). U.S. law also uses the term "unauthorized alien."[18][19][20][21][22] U.S. immigration laws do not refer to illegal immigrants, but in common parlance the term "illegal immigrant" is often used to refer to any illegal alien.[23] Because at law, a corporation is a person, the term alien is not limited to natural humans because what are colloquially called foreign corporations are technically called alien corporations. Because corporations are creations of local state law, a foreign corporation is an out of state corporation.

Etymology [link]

"Alien" is derived from the Latin alienus, meaning stranger, alien, foreign. Similar words in other languages are also derived from it, for example Italian "Aliense". Among others, "Aliense" was the sobriquet of the Sixteenth Century painter Antonio Vassilacchi, (1556 – 1629), who was so named because of being a Greek who spent most of his life and artistic career in Venice.

See also [link]

References [link]

  1. ^ ""alien"". Dictionary.law.com. December 9, 2010. https://dictionary.law.com/Default.aspx?typed=alien&type=1. Retrieved November 23, 2011. 
  2. ^ ""illegal alien"". Dictionary.reference.com. https://dictionary.reference.com/browse/illegal%20alien. Retrieved November 23, 2011. 
  3. ^ Key Issue 5. Citizenship Fact Sheet 5.2 Citizenship in Australia https://www.cccs.law.unimelb.edu.au/download.cfm?DownloadFile=98E80E9C Retrieved 2012-03-05.
  4. ^ "Australia's Visitor and Temporary Entry Provisions". Joint Standing Committee on Migration, Parliament of Australia. 27 September 1999. https://www.aph.gov.au/house/committee/mig/report/olympics/Chap2.pdf. Retrieved 20 July 2011. 
  5. ^ section 51, British Nationality Act 1981
  6. ^ [1][dead link]
  7. ^ a b 8 USC 1101
  8. ^ "Alien and Sedition Acts". Ourdocuments.gov. https://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?doc=16. Retrieved November 23, 2011. 
  9. ^ "2 USC 658". Cornell University Law School. February 22, 2011. https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/html/uscode02/usc_sec_02_00000658----000-.html. Retrieved November 23, 2011. 
  10. ^ "8 USC 1252c". Cornell University Law School. March 29, 2011. https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/html/uscode08/usc_sec_08_00001252---c000-.html. Retrieved November 23, 2011. 
  11. ^ "8 USC 1330". March 29, 2011. https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/html/uscode08/usc_sec_08_00001330----000-.html. Retrieved November 23, 2011. 
  12. ^ "8 USC 1356". Cornell University Law School. https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/html/uscode08/usc_sec_08_00001356----000-.html. Retrieved November 23, 2011. 
  13. ^ "8 USC 1365". Cornell University Law School. March 29, 2011. https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/html/uscode08/usc_sec_08_00001365----000-.html. Retrieved November 23, 2011. 
  14. ^ "8 USC 1366". Cornell University Law School. September 30, 1996. https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/html/uscode08/usc_sec_08_00001366----000-.html. Retrieved November 23, 2011. 
  15. ^ "8 USC 1621". Cornell University Law School. August 22, 1996. https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/html/uscode08/usc_sec_08_00001621----000-.html. Retrieved November 23, 2011. 
  16. ^ "42 USC 6705". Cornell University Law School. https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/html/uscode42/usc_sec_42_00006705----000-.html. Retrieved November 23, 2011. 
  17. ^ "49 USC 40125". Cornell University Law School. November 1, 1999. https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/html/uscode49/usc_sec_49_00040125----000-.html. Retrieved November 23, 2011. 
  18. ^ "8 USC 1188". Cornell University Law School. June 1, 1986. https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/html/uscode08/usc_sec_08_00001188----000-.html. Retrieved November 23, 2011. 
  19. ^ "8 USC 1255". Cornell University Law School. https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/html/uscode08/usc_sec_08_00001255----000-.html. Retrieved November 23, 2011. 
  20. ^ "8 USC 1324". Cornell University Law School. March 29, 2011. https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/html/uscode08/usc_sec_08_00001324----000-.html. Retrieved November 23, 2011. 
  21. ^ "8 USC 1324a". Cornell University Law School. November 6, 1986. https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/html/uscode08/usc_sec_08_00001324---a000-.html. Retrieved November 23, 2011. 
  22. ^ "8 USC 1324b". Cornell University Law School. https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/html/uscode08/usc_sec_08_00001324---b000-.html. Retrieved November 23, 2011. 
  23. ^ "Immigration Coverage in the Crossfire" Deborah Howell, March 2, 2008, The Washington Post

External links [link]


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Alien (creature in Alien franchise)

The "Alien" (also referred to as a "Xenomorph") is a fictional endoparasitoid extraterrestrial arthropodal species that is the eponymous antagonist of the Alien film series. The species made its debut in the film Alien (1979), and reappeared in the sequels Aliens (1986), Alien 3 (1992), and Alien: Resurrection (1997), as well as the crossover franchise Alien vs. Predator (2004) and Aliens vs. Predator: Requiem (2007). A similar creature of a slightly different design also briefly appears in the Ridley Scott film Prometheus (2012). In addition, the Alien appears in various literature and video game spin-offs from the franchises.

Unlike many other extraterrestrial races in science fiction, the Aliens lack a technological civilization and are predatory creatures with no higher goals than the propagation of their species and the ultimate destruction of lifeforms that could pose a threat to them. Like wasps or termites, Aliens are eusocial, with a single fertile queen breeding a caste of warriors. The Aliens' biological life cycle involves traumatic implantation of endoparasitoid larvae inside living hosts; these larvae erupt from the host's chest or intestines after a short incubation period, rapidly mature from juvenile into adulthood, and seek out more hosts for implantation.

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Alien (franchise)

Alien is a science-fiction horror film franchise centered on a film series that depicts Warrant Officer Ellen Ripley (Sigourney Weaver) and her battles with an extraterrestrial lifeform, commonly referred to as "the Alien".

Produced by 20th Century Fox, the series began with Alien (1979), directed by Ridley Scott. It was followed by three sequels, released in 1986, 1992 and 1997. A planned prequel series directed by Scott is in development, beginning with the 2012 release of Prometheus.

The series has led to numerous books, comics and video game spin-offs. Related to the franchise is the two-part Alien vs. Predator series, which combines the continuities of Aliens with the Predators from the Predator film series.

Background

After completion of the film Dark Star (1974), writer Dan O'Bannon thought to develop some of the ideas (especially the theme of "alien hunts crew through a spaceship") and create a science-fiction horror film. Provisionally called Memory, screenwriter Ronald Shusett collaborated with O'Bannon on the project, adding elements from a previous O'Bannon script, Gremlins, which featured gremlins causing mayhem aboard a World War II bomber and wreaking havoc with the crew. The duo finished the script, initially entitled Star Beast, which was later changed to Alien after O'Bannon noticed the number of times the word "alien" occurred in the script. Their script was sold to Brandywine Productions, a company formed by producers Gordon Carroll, David Giler, and Walter Hill that had a distribution deal with 20th Century Fox. The writers imagined a low-budget film, but the success of Star Wars inclined 20th Century Fox to invest millions on the production.

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Extraterrestrial life

Extraterrestrial life is life that does not originate from Earth. It is also called alien life, or, if it is a sentient and/or relatively complex individual, an "extraterrestrial" or "alien" (or, to avoid confusion with the legal sense of "alien", a "space alien"). These as-yet-hypothetical life forms range from simple bacteria-like organisms to beings with civilizations far more advanced than humanity. Although many scientists expect extraterrestrial life to exist, there is no unambiguous evidence for its existence so far.

The science of extraterrestrial life is known as exobiology. The science of astrobiology also considers life on Earth as well, and in the broader astronomical context. Meteorites that have fallen to Earth have sometimes been examined for signs of microscopic extraterrestrial life. In 2015, "remains of biotic life" were found in 4.1 billion-year-old rocks in Western Australia, when the young Earth was about 400 million years old. According to one of the researchers, "If life arose relatively quickly on Earth ... then it could be common in the universe."

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Alien (Pennywise song)

"Alien" is a single released by the punk rock band Pennywise from their 1999 album Straight Ahead. The song reached number 36 on the Modern Rock Tracks in July 1999.

References

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Alien (software)

Alien is a computer program that converts between different Linux package formats, written by Joey Hess.

Features

Alien supports conversion between Linux Standard Base (LSB), LSB-compliant .rpm packages,.deb, Stampede (.slp), Solaris (.pkg) and Slackware (.tgz, .txz, .tbz, .tlz) packages. It is also capable of automatically installing the generated packages, and can try to convert the installation scripts included in the archive as well. The latter feature should be used with caution since Linux distributions may vary significantly from one another, and using install scripts automatically converted from an Alien format may break the system.

Usage

A sample usage of Alien:

# alien --to-rpm --scripts ./mypkg.deb

This will convert mypkg.deb to mypkg.rpm with the preinst, postinst, prerm and postrm scripts from the Debian package (deb) into the RPM package.

Terminal Commands for Alien

sudo alien (filename).rpm - Rpm to Deb

sudo alien -k (filename).tar.gz - Tar.gz - Deb

sudo alien -d (filename).tar.bz2 - Tar.bz2 - Deb

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