Contents

MA or Ma may refer to:

In academia [link]

  • Master of Arts (MA), a degree at the English-speaking universities; someone admitted to this degree
For the degree at Oxford, Cambridge, or Dublin, please see Master of Arts (Oxbridge and Dublin). For that at certain of the Scottish universities, please see Master of Arts (Scotland). For the degree at other universities, please see Master of Arts (postgraduate)

In science and technology [link]

In geography [link]

In myth and culture [link]

  • Ma people, a Vietnamese ethnic group
  • Ma (Lion King), a main character in the animated film Lion King 1½
  • Ma (myth), in Sumerian mythology that from which the "primeval land" was formed
  • Ma (goddess), a local name for Cybele and also an independent Greek goddess
  • Ma, an Anatolain Goddess

[edit] In the humanities

In other uses [link]

See also [link]


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Maß

The Maß (pronounced [ˈmaːs]) or Mass (pronounced [ˈmas]) is the Bavarian language word describing the amount of beer in a regulation mug, in modern times exactly 1 litre (33.8 US fl oz).

Maß is often used as an abbreviation for the handled drinking vessel containing it, a Maßkrug. Ubiquitous in Bavarian beer gardens and beer halls and a staple of Oktoberfest it is often acceptably referred to as a beer mug by English speakers but may only be a beer stein if made of stoneware and capable of holding a regulation Maß of beer.

Linguistics

The word "Maß" can be of either neuter or female grammatical gender. In its neuter form, das Maß, it is the German word for "measure". Its feminine version, "die Maß", is used in southern Germany and Austria to refer to a one litre glass beer mug or its contents. It is spelt "Maß" or "Mass" (both spellings are allowed) in Germany and Austria, "Mass" in Switzerland. The plural is Maßkrüge.

A stoneware mug is a form of beer stein, another type of vessel which may only be referred to as a Maß if capable of holding a regulation quantity of beer.

Ma (cuneiform)


The cuneiform ma sign, is found in both the 14th century BC Amarna letters and the Epic of Gilgamesh. In the Epic it is also used as the sumerogram MA, (for Akkadian language "mina", manû, a weight measure, as MA.NA, or MA.NA.ÀM). The ma sign is often used at the end of words, besides its alphabetic usage inside words as syllabic ma, elsewhere for m, or a.

The usage of cuneiform ma in the Epic of Gilgamesh, is only exceeded by the usage of a (cuneiform) (1369 times, and 58, A (sumerogram), versus 1047 times for ma, 6 for MA (sumerogram)). The high usage for a is partially a result of the prepositional use for a-na-(Akkadian "ana", to, for, etc.); "i", also has an increased prepositional use of i (cuneiform), for Akkadian ina, (i-na), for in, into, etc.

References

  • Moran, William L. 1987, 1992. The Amarna Letters. Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987, 1992. 393 pages.(softcover, ISBN 0-8018-6715-0)
  • Parpola, 197l. The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh, Parpola, Simo, Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project, c 1997, Tablet I thru Tablet XII, Index of Names, Sign List, and Glossary-(pp. 119–145), 165 pages.
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