Atmosphere (unit)

The standard atmosphere (symbol: atm) is a unit of pressure defined as 101325 Pa (1.01325 bar). It is sometimes used as a reference or standard pressure.

History

In 1954 the 10th Conférence Générale des Poids et Mesures (CGPM) adopted standard atmosphere for general use and affirmed its definition of being precisely equal to 1,013,250 dynes per square centimetre (101325 Pa). This value was intended to represent the mean atmospheric pressure at mean sea level at the latitude of Paris, France, and does reflect the mean sea level pressure for many industrialized nations that are at broadly similar latitudes.

In chemistry and in various industries, the reference pressure referred to in “Standard Temperature and Pressure” (STP) was commonly 1 atm (101.325 kPa) but standards have since diverged; in 1982, the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) recommended that for the purposes of specifying the physical properties of substances, “standard pressure” should be precisely 100 kPa (1 bar).

ATM

ATM or atm may refer to:

Biology and medicine

Computing

People and organizations

Transportation

ATM (computer)

ATM (ATM Turbo) is a ZX Spectrum clone, developed in Moscow, in 1991, by two firms, MicroArt and ATM. It has a Z80 at 7 MHz, 1024 kB RAM, 128 kB ROM, AY-8910 (two ones in upgraded models), 8-bit DAC, 8-bit 8-channel ADC, RS-232, Centronics, Beta Disk Interface, IDE interface, AT/XT keyboard, text mode (80x25, 16 colours, 8x8 pattern), and 3 graphics modes.

Graphics modes

640 x 200 mode has colour attribute byte for each 8 pixels. Difference from Profi (computer) is that ATM has full 16 colour set for both ink and paper.

320 x 200 mode (16 colours) is ordinary raster mode, but not similar to EGA (it is two-pixel chunky, not planar like EGA). Two games for this mode were converted directly from PC: Prince of Persia and Goblins (computer game), and one from Sony PlayStation: Time Gal. Some other games for this mode exist. The latter one is Ball Quest (August, 2006).

256 x 192 ZX Spectrum mode.

Palette (16 colours from 64) is set for all modes.

Models

Many models exist, the recent is 7.10 (with some bug fixes by NedoPC). Models < v6.00 are called ATM 1, later models are called ATM 2(2+) or ATM Turbo 2(2+) or simply Turbo 2+. IDE is available since v6.00.JIO0UBH9BY8B9T7GVC6R

ATM (2015 film)

ATM (aka: Any Time Money) is a 2015 Malayalam comedy film written by Arun Nandhan and Thamizharasan and directed by Jespal Shanmugham, starring Bhagath Manuel in the lead role and marking the return to film of Bollywood superstar Jackie Shroff. The film released 4 December 2015.

Cast

Reception

Mollywood Times praised the film, writing "Another bank robbery story is here in Mollywood to make viewers thrilled. ATM, like its predecessors, keeps the pace and suspense required for a bank theft movie throughout the running time. The movie follows usual formulas of a heist flick and incorporating some essential Mollywood elements along with that. Directed by Jespal Shanmughan, ATM revolves around a mastermind character that plans to loot a bank".

References

External links

Asynchronous Transfer Mode

Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) is, according to the ATM Forum, "a telecommunications concept defined by ANSI and ITU (formerly CCITT) standards for carriage of a complete range of user traffic, including voice, data, and video signals". ATM was developed to meet the needs of the Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network, as defined in the late 1980s, and designed to unify telecommunication and computer networks. It was designed for a network that must handle both traditional high-throughput data traffic (e.g., file transfers), and real-time, low-latency content such as voice and video. The reference model for ATM approximately maps to the three lowest layers of the ISO-OSI reference model: network layer, data link layer, and physical layer. ATM is a core protocol used over the SONET/SDH backbone of the public switched telephone network (PSTN) and Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN), but its use is declining in favour of all IP.

ATM provides functionality that is similar to both circuit switching and packet switching networks: ATM uses asynchronous time-division multiplexing, and encodes data into small, fixed-sized packets (ISO-OSI frames) called cells. This differs from approaches such as the Internet Protocol or Ethernet that use variable sized packets and frames. ATM uses a connection-oriented model in which a virtual circuit must be established between two endpoints before the actual data exchange begins. These virtual circuits may be “permanent”, i.e. dedicated connections that are usually preconfigured by the service provider, or “switched”, i.e. set up on a per-call basis using signalling and disconnected when the call is terminated.

Automated teller machine

An automated teller machine (ATM, American, British, Australian, Malaysian, South African English, Singaporean, Indian, Maldivian, Hiberno, Philippine and Sri Lankan English), also known as an automated banking machine (ABM, Canadian English), cash machine, cashpoint, cashline, minibank, bankomat or colloquially hole in the wall (British) is an electronic telecommunications device that enables the customers of a financial institution to perform financial transactions, particularly cash withdrawal, without the need for a human cashier, clerk or bank teller.

According to the ATM Industry Association (ATMIA), there are now close to 3 million ATMs installed worldwide.

On most modern ATMs, the customer is identified by inserting a plastic ATM card with a magnetic stripe or a plastic smart card with a chip that contains a unique card number and some security information such as an expiration date or CVVC (CVV). Authentication is provided by the customer entering a personal identification number (PIN).