Alphabeta (disambiguation)
Alphabeta or Alpha Beta may refer to:
Alpha Beta
Alpha Beta was a chain of supermarkets in the United States. Stores under this brand existed between 1917 and 1995. Former Alpha Beta stores have all been purchased by other grocery chains and rebranded.
History
Before Alpha Beta was the name of a store, it was the name of a marketing concept used in grocery stores founded by Albert and Hugh Gerrard; it referred to organizing the groceries in the store in alphabetical order. The Gerrards applied this idea to their flagship grocery store, Triangle Grocerteria, in 1915. Then in 1917, they opened the first Alpha Beta store in Pomona, California. The company was bought by American Stores in 1961. Skaggs Drug Centers bought American Stores in 1979 and assumed the American Stores name. Combined food and drug stores in Alpha Beta territory were re-branded as Skaggs Alpha Beta. In 1984, American Stores bought The Jewel Companies, Inc., which had owned Osco Drug since 1961. In 1984, all 34 Alpha Beta stores in Arizona were sold to ABCO Foods, and the stores continued operating under the Alpha Beta name. In Tucson, Alpha Beta-branded stores changed to ABCO-branded stores around 1989.
Alpha-5 beta-1
α5β1 is an integrin that binds to matrix macromolecules and proteinases and thereby stimulates angiogenesis. It is composed of α5 (ITGA5/CD49e) and β1 (ITGB1/CD29) subunits. It is the primary receptor for fibronectin. The interaction of VLA-5 with fibronectin plays an important role in regulating inflammatory cytokine production by human articular chondrocytes (From the Cell Migration Gateway ITGA5 ITGB1).
α5β1-integrin is transported inside the cell by the kinesin KIF1C, a kinesin-3 organelle transporter that walks along microtubules.
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Alpha-4 beta-2 nicotinic receptor
The alpha-4 beta-2 nicotinic receptor, also known as the α4β2 receptor, is a type of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor implicated in learning, consisting of α4 and β2 subunits. It is located in the brain, where activation yields post- and presynaptic excitation, mainly by increased Na+ and K+ permeability.
Stimulation of this receptor subtype is also associated with growth hormone secretion. People with the inactive CHRNA4 mutation Ser248Phe are an average of 10 cm (4 inches) shorter than average and predisposed to obesity.
The receptors exist in the two stoichiometries:
Ligands
Agonists
Alpha-3 beta-4 nicotinic receptor
The alpha-3 beta-4 nicotinic receptor, also known as the α3β4 receptor, is a type of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, consisting of α3 and β4 subunits. It is located in the autonomic ganglia and adrenal medulla, where activation yields post- and/or presynaptic excitation.
As with other nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, the α3β4 receptor is pentameric [(α3)m(β4)n where m + n = 5]. The exact subunit stoichiometry is not known and it is possible that more than one functional α3β4 receptor assembles in vivo with varying subunit stoichiometries.
Ligands
Agonists
Antagonists
Competitive
Noncompetitive
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