İspir

İspir (Georgian: სპერი Speri; Armenian: Սպեր Sber or Sper), (Kurdish: Espîr‎), is a town and district of Erzurum Province in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey, on the Çoruh River. The mayor is Osman Çakır (AKP). The district has a population of 30,260 while the town has a population of 11,789.

History

İspir is the historical Speri for Georgians and Sper for Armenians.

İspir is known from the 3rd millennium BC. The name Sper is thought by some to be derived from Saspers, a tribe mentioned by Xenophon;

Speri was part of the Georgian Kingdom of Tao-Klarjeti.In the 4th-3rd centuries BC it was organized into a province of the Iberian Kingdom as noted by Strabo, and during subsequent centuries it frequently changed hands between Georgians and Armenians. Alexander the Great sent one of his generals Menon to conquer Speri, but Menon and his forces were defeated and killed. Sper was an Armenian Bagratid domain in the fourth to sixth centuries, a domain whose territory also comprised the Bayburt plain until that was lost to the Byzantines (perhaps in 387).

Spir

Spir (released 1998 in Oslo, Norway on the record label NorCD - NorCD 9830) is an album by the Norwegian saxophonist Karl Seglem's Sogn-A-Song.

Reception

The review by the Norwegian newspaper Dagbladet awarded the album 5 stars (dice).

Track listing

Personnel

Notes

References

External links

VDM Publishing

VDM Publishing or Omniscriptum Publishing Group is a German publishing group based in Saarbrücken, Germany, with offices in Argentina,Latvia, Mauritius and Moldova. Its book production is based on print on demand technology.

VDM publishing's imprints—Alphascript, Betascript, Fastbook Publishing and Doyen Verlag—specialize in publishing and selling Wikipedia articles in printed form via print on demand, in e-commerce bookstores. Alphascript distributes publications through several on-line book retailers. At least some of the books are printed by Amazon.com. As of November 2010, around 150,000 such titles have been produced. In June 2010, VDM started its own online-bookshop: MoreBooks! Publishing.

VDM's publishing methods have received criticism for the soliciting of manuscripts from thousands of individuals, for providing non-notable authors with the appearance of a peer-reviewed publishing history, for benefiting from the free contributions of online volunteers, and for insufficiently disclosing the free nature of their content. VDM responds that it is a valuable, quality resource, that the company has no problem asking authors for content, that buyers are informed of where information comes from, that books are a convenient form to collect articles about interesting subjects, and that its customers are satisfied with VDM's products. VDM Publishing is designated as non-scientific by the Norwegian Scientific Index.

SPIR

SPIR may refer to:

See also