Kern

Kern may refer to:

See also

Økern

Økern was a farm in the former municipality of Aker, Norway, and is currently a district in the borough of Bjerke in the city of Oslo.

Infrastructure

The district is served by the Grorud Line of the Oslo Metro. A larger business centre is located near the Økern Station. Among the institutions at Økern is the headquarters of the Norwegian State Educational Loan Fund. The Alna Line, used for freight trains between the Trunk Line and the Gjøvik Line, from Alnabru to Grefsen, passes through Økern, close to the business centre of Økernsenteret.

History

The farm of Økern was among the oldest in the former municipality of Aker. The earliest preserved document where Økern is mentioned dates back to 1279. In the 13th century the farm was owned by landowner Audun Hugleiksson, and it later became a property of the Church. Among the owners from the 17th century onwards were Ulrik Frederik Gyldenløve (from 1679), Lauritz Jacobsssøn Falch, Paul Peterssøn Vogt, Ole Christopher Wessel, Peter Collett and Ludvig Mariboe (who lived at the farm until his death in 1841).Økernveien, an old road to the former city border, was named after the farm in 1879.

Kerning

In typography, kerning (less commonly mortising) is the process of adjusting the spacing between characters in a proportional font, usually to achieve a visually pleasing result. Kerning adjusts the space between individual letter forms, while tracking (letter-spacing) adjusts spacing uniformly over a range of characters. In a well-kerned font, the two-dimensional blank spaces between each pair of characters all have a visually similar area.

The related term kern denotes a part of a type letter that overhangs the edge of the type block.

Metal typesetting

The source of the word kern is from the French word carne, meaning "projecting angle, quill of a pen". The French term originated from the Latin cardo, cardinis, meaning "hinge". In the days when all type was cast metal, parts of a sort that needed to overlap adjacent letters simply hung off the edge of the sort slug. The bit of metal that hung over the edge was called a kern. At that time, the word "kerning" only referred to manufacturing the sorts with kerns, while adjusting space between letters during compositing was called inter-spacing or letter spacing.