Argonaute

The Argonaute protein family plays a central role in RNA silencing processes, as essential catalytic components of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). RISC complex is responsible for the gene silencing phenomenon known as RNA interference (RNAi). Argonaute proteins bind different classes of small non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs), small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs). Small RNAs guide Argonaute proteins to their specific targets through sequence complementarity (base pairing), which then leads to mRNA cleavage or translation inhibition.

Discovery

The RNA interference (RNAi) was first reported in 1995 by Guo and Kemphues, and similar pathways collectively referred to as RNA silencing were discovered in plants and fungi. The beginning of people’s understanding of the mechanism of RNA silencing began only in 1998 with the experiments of Fire and colleagues demonstrating that double-stranded RNA triggered RNAi. RNA silencing pathways process long RNAs into small RNAs that direct the repression of transcription or translation of nucleic acid targets with sequence corresponding to the small RNAs. These single-stranded RNAs, referred to as guide strands, are incorporated into RNA silencing effectors complexes such as the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). These RNA silencing effector complexes contain Argonaute family proteins.

Field

Field may refer to:

Expanses of open ground

People

Places

Settlements in Canada

Settlements in the United States

Science and mathematics

Field (agriculture)

In agriculture, a field is an area of land, enclosed or otherwise, used for agricultural purposes such as cultivating crops or as a paddock or other enclosure for livestock. A field may also be an area left to lie fallow or as arable land.

Many farms have a field border, usually composed of a strip of shrubs and vegetation, used to provide food and cover necessary for the survival of wildlife. It has been found that these borders may lead to an increased variety of animals and plants in the area, but also in some cases a decreased yield of crops.

Language

In Australian and New Zealand English, any agricultural field may be called a paddock. If stock are grazed there, the space may be called a run, e.g. sheep run; cattle run.

Image gallery

A green field or paddock with Hereford cattle

A green field or paddock with Hereford cattle

A summer field

A summer field

Spring fields with trees, Majorca, Spain, 2004

Spring fields with trees, Majorca, Spain, 2004

Field (computer science)

In computer science, data that has several parts, known as a record, can be divided into fields. Relational databases arrange data as sets of database records, also called rows. Each record consists of several fields; the fields of all records form the columns.

In object-oriented programming, field (also called data member or member variable) is the data encapsulated within a class or object. In the case of a regular field (also called instance variable), for each instance of the object there is an instance variable: for example, an Employee class has a Name field and there is one distinct name per employee. A static field (also called class variable) is one variable, which is shared by all instances.

Fixed length

Fields that contain a fixed number of bits are known as fixed length fields. A four byte field for example may contain a 31 bit binary integer plus a sign bit (32 bits in all). A 30 byte name field may contain a persons name typically padded with blanks at the end. The disadvantage of using fixed length fields is that some part of the field may be wasted but space is still required for the maximum length case. Also, where fields are omitted, padding for the missing fields is still required to maintain fixed start positions within a record for instance.

Years (by One Thousand Fingertips)

Years (by One Thousand Fingertips) is the second studio album by Canadian folk rock band Attack in Black, released on March 10, 2009 on Dine Alone Records. The album was released both on CD and on one thousand 12" vinyl records. Singles released from the album are "Beasts" (February 24, 2009) and "Liberties" (July 2009). The layout and photography present in both CD and vinyl versions were by Daniel Romano and Ian Kehoe.

Track listing

Personnel

References

Millennium

A millennium (plural millennia) is a period of time equal to 1000 years. It derives from the Latin mille, thousand, and annus, year. It is often, but not always, related to a particular dating system.

Sometimes, it is used specifically for periods of a thousand years that begin at the starting point (initial reference point) of the calendar in consideration (typically the year "1"), or in later years that are whole number multiples of a thousand years after it. The term can also refer to an interval of time beginning on any date. Frequently in the latter case (and sometimes also in the former) it may have religious or theological implications (see millenarianism). Sometimes in use, such an interval called a "millennium" might be interpreted less precisely, i.e., not always being exactly 1000 years long. It could be, for example, 1050, etc.

Counting years

There are two methods of counting years, current years (the count begins at the epoch) and elapsed years (the count is of completed years since the epoch). This latter method is used in India.

1,000 Years

1,000 Years is the first solo album by The Corin Tucker Band, released on October 5, 2010, and the first album Tucker released since Sleater-Kinney went on "hiatus" in 2006. She recorded the album along with Seth Lorinczi and Julianna Bright of both Golden Bears and Circus Lupus, as well as Sara Lund of Hungry Ghost and Unwound. Lorinzci was also the album's producer. The album received generally positive reviews from critics, many of whom noted that the album was stylistically more muted than her work with Sleater-Kinney. As of August 2012, the album has sold about 8,000 copies and peaked at #9 on the Top Heatseekers Chart.

Background and recording

Tucker told The Portland Mercury that she was recording the album in April 2010, and said it was "definitely more of a middle-aged mom record, in a way. It's not a record that a young person would write." The origins of these songs lie in material Tucker wrote for live performances in early 2009 in Portland, after which many people encouraged her to make her own album. Tucker said that she wanted to create something both quiet and powerful in the making of this album. Tucker feels that Seth Lorinczi lent the album many of its creative ideas, and has stated, "He brought so many amazing ideas to the songs, it was an entirely new foray." Some of the album's tracks were written initially for the Twilight: New Moon soundtrack. The songs in question include closer "Miles Away".