Yayati (Sanskrit: ययाति) was a Puranic king and the son of king Nahusha and one of ancestors of Pandavas. He had five brothers, Yati, Samyati, Ayati, Viyati and Kriti. He had two wives, Devayani and Sharmishtha. Devayani was the daughter of Shukracharya, the priest of Asuras (the demons). Sharmishtha was the daughter of the Demon King Vrishparva. Sharmishtha was a friend and servant of Devayani. After hearing of his relationship with second wife Sharmishtha from Devayani her father, sage Shukracharya, cursed Yayati to old age in the prime of life, but later allowed him to exchange it with his son, Puru. His story finds mention in the Mahabharata-Adi Parva and also Bhagavata Purana.[1]
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The story [link]
The story of Yayati comes in the Book Nine, 19th Chapter of Bhagavata Purana.[2]
Devayani was the daughter of Sage Shukracharya, the guru of all Asuras, she had been cursed by sage Kacha that she would not marry another Brahmana. Sage Shukra was living in his palace of At that time the Asura king was Vrushaparva, whose daughter Sharmishta was close friend with Devayani.
One day as Devayani and Sharmishtha along with the hoard of servants were amusing themselves in a park, King Yayati happened to pass by. Devayani had been secretly in love with Yayati as he had once rescued her from a dry well. Devayani and Sharmishtha introduced themselves to him and Devayani confessed to being in love with him and asked him to marry her.
Yayati said, "Unless your father gives you to me in marriage I will not accept you as my wife." Shukracharya gave in to his daughter's request and agreed to give her away in marriage to King Yayati. As dowry, he gave away Sharmishtha. He however warned Yayati that he should never let Sharmishtha share his bed.[citation needed]
Sharmishtha was given a place to live in a shaded glade called Ashok Vatika. One day Yayati happened to pass by Ashok Vatika where Sharmishtha lived. Seeing him, Sharmishtha confessed that she too was in love with the king and wanted him to marry her. She told him that she belonged to a royal family and Yayati could marry her. Yayati agreed and they wed in secret. They continued to meet and hid the fact from Devayani that they were married. Yayati had two sons from Devayani, Yadu and Turvasu. Yayati also had three sons from Sharmishtha, Druhyu, Anu and Puru.
When Devyani came to know about the relationship of Yayati and Sharmishtha and their three sons she felt shocked and betrayed. Devayani went away to her father Shukracharya, who displeased with the king, cursed that he would lose his youth and become an old man immediately.[2]
As soon as Shukracharya uttered his curse Yayati became an old man. Shukracharya also said that his curse once uttered could not be taken back and added that the only concession he could give was that if Yayati wanted he could give his old age to someone and take his youth from him. Yayati was relieved at the reprieve he was given and confident that his sons would willingly exchange their youth with him. Yayati requested all his five sons one by one to give their youth to him to enjoy the worldly happiness. All the sons, except Puru rejected his demand. So Yayati took the youth of Puru. Later on, Puru became the successor of king Yayati.
According to the story, Yayati enjoyed the sensual pleasures for a "thousand years" and later realized the futility and said, "Know this for certain, ... not all the food, wealth and women of the world can appease the lust of a single man of uncontrolled senses. Craving for sense-pleasures is not removed but aggravated by indulgence even as ghee poured into fire increases it....One who aspires for peace and happiness should instantly renounce craving and seek that which neither grows old, nor ceases even when the body ages."[2] Yayati then returned the youth back to Puru, receiving his old age in return. He renounced the world, and retired into a forest and according to the story, attained the lord through his spiritual practices.[2]
Descendants [link]
Sons of Devayani [link]
- Turvasu also known as Yavana and his descendant formed the Yavana Kingdom
Sons of Sharmishtha [link]
- Druhyu and his descendant are believed to have formed the Twipra Kingdom.[3]
- Anu gave rise to a Mleccha tribe, Tusharas (Tukharas, Tocharians), with their kingdom located in the north west of India as per the epic Mahabharata. (Mbh 1:85) Further on Kekaya, a warrior on the Pandava side into whose chariot Bhima got during the fighting on the sixth day. As per Bhagavata Purana the Usinaras, the Sibi, the Madras, and the Kekayas were the direct descendants of Anu. Sibi or Sivi is stated to be son of Usinara.[4]
- Puru, the youngest son succeeded the Yayati and inherited his kingdom in the Gangatic plain. He in turn gave rise to Puru Vansha and eventually Pauravas, whose King Porus fought with Alexander the Great in the Battle of the Hydaspes River in 326 BC.
Another one of his descendants was King Bharat, son of King son of King Dushyanta and Shakuntala, and after whom, India's ancient named Bharatvarsha was kept. Further descendants were part of the Kuru Kingdom including Shantanu and Dhritarashtra, Pandava Arjuna, Abhimanyu and the Parikshit.
Influence [link]
In modern language and usage, trading conscientious behavior for external gain is sometimes called Yayati Syndrome.[5][6][7] Yayati, a Marathi novel by V. S. Khandekar, won him the Sahitya Akademi Award (1960), and a Jnanpith Award (1974).[8] Playwright Girish Karnad's debut play Yayati (1961) is based on the story of King Yayati found in the Mahabharat.[9]
See also [link]
Further reading [link]
- Mahabharata, Adiparva, verse. 71-80.
- Yayati (Marathi). 1959. ISBN 81-7161-588-X
- Yayati: A Classic Tale of Lust, by V. S. Khandekar (English), Tr. by Y. P. Kulkarni. Orient Paperbacks. ISBN 81-222-0428-7.
- Yayati, by Girish Karnad. Oxford University Press.
References [link]
- ^ Yayati
- ^ a b c d Venkatesananda. The Concise Śrīmad Bhāgavataṁ. SUNY Press. pp. 227-229. https://books.google.co.in/books?id=zLkrkjn1Yv0C&pg=PA22.
- ^ A sper Rajmala, the ancient royal chronicle of the Kings of Tripura.
- ^ "Anu, the fourth son of Yayati, had three sons, named Sabhanara, Caksu and Paresnu. From Sabhanara came a son named Kalanara, and from Kalanara came a son named Srnjaya. From Srnjaya came a son named Janamejaya. From Janamejaya came Mahasala; from Mahasala, Mahamana; and from Mahamana two sons, named Usinara and Titiksu.The four sons of Usinara were Sibi, Vara, Krmi and Daksa, and from Sibi again came four sons, named Vrsadarbha, Sudhira, Madra and atma-tattva-vit Kekaya...." (Bhagavata Purana, 9.23.1-4).
- ^ Management and the Bhagavad Gita
- ^ BJP's Yayati Syndrome
- ^ The Internet Journal of Alternative Medicine
- ^ Jnanpith website – list of laureates
- ^ Don Rubin (1998). The World Encyclopedia of Contemporary Theatre: Asia. Taylor & Francis. p. 196. ISBN 0-415-05933-X. https://books.google.co.in/books?id=-MUiXjMUl34C&pg=PA219&dq=hindi+theatre&hl=en&ei=kUqGTZLpAZD8vQPB7ZnXCA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CE4Q6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=hindi%20theatre&f=false.
- Dowson, John (1888). A Classical Dictionary of Hindu Mythology and Religion, Geography, History, and Literature. Trubner & Co., London. https://www.archive.org/stream/aclassicaldictio00dowsuoft#page/n27/mode/2up.
- Mani, Vettam (1964). Puranic Encyclopaedia. Motilal Banarsidas, Delhi. ISBN [[Special:BookSources/0-482-60822-2|0-482-60822-2]]. https://www.archive.org/stream/puranicencyclopa00maniuoft#page/n5/mode/2up.
External links [link]
- Story of King Yayati from Mahabharata
- Devayani and Yayati Retold by P. R. Ramachander
- Yayati in Brahma Purana
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