Portable Document Format

The Portable Document Format (PDF) is a file format used to present documents in a manner independent of application software, hardware, and operating systems. Each PDF file encapsulates a complete description of a fixed-layout flat document, including the text, fonts, graphics, and other information needed to display it. In 1991, Adobe Systems' co-founder John Warnock outlined a system called "Camelot" that developed into PDF.

Adobe Systems made the PDF specification available free of charge in 1993. PDF was a proprietary format controlled by Adobe, until it was officially released as an open standard on July 1, 2008, and published by the International Organization for Standardization as ISO 32000-1:2008, at which time control of the specification passed to an ISO Committee of volunteer industry experts. In 2008, Adobe published a Public Patent License to ISO 32000-1 granting royalty-free rights for all patents owned by Adobe that are necessary to make, use, sell, and distribute PDF compliant implementations. However, there are still some proprietary technologies defined only by Adobe, such as Adobe XML Forms Architecture and JavaScript for Acrobat, which are referenced by ISO 32000-1 as normative and indispensable for the application of the ISO 32000-1 specification. These proprietary technologies are not standardized and their specification is published only on Adobe’s website. The ISO committee is actively standardizing many of these as part of ISO 32000-2.

Palladium(II,IV) fluoride

Palladium(II,IV) fluoride, also known as palladium trifluoride, is a chemical compound of palladium and fluorine. It has the empirical formula PdF₃, but is better described as the mixed-valence compound palladium(II) hexafluoropalladate(IV), Pd^II[Pd^IVF₆] and is often written as Pd[PdF₆] or Pd₂F₆.

Synthesis

Pd[PdF₆] is the most stable product of the reaction of fluorine and metallic palladium.

Structure and properties

Pd[PdF₆] is paramagnetic and both Pd(II) and Pd(IV) occupy octahedral sites in the crystal structure. The Pd^II-F distance is 2.17 Å, whereas the Pd^IV-F distance is 1.90 Å.

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References

PDF417

PDF417 is a stacked linear barcode symbol format used in a variety of applications, primarily transport, identification cards, and inventory management. PDF stands for Portable Data File. The 417 signifies that each pattern in the code consists of 4 bars and spaces, and that each pattern is 17 units long. The PDF417 symbology was invented by Dr. Ynjiun P. Wang at Symbol Technologies in 1991. (Wang 1993) It is represented by ISO standard 15438.

Applications

PDF417 is one of the formats (along with Data Matrix) that can be used to print postage accepted by the United States Postal Service. PDF417 is also selected by the airline industry's Bar Coded Boarding Pass standard (BCBP) as the 2D bar code symbolism for paper boarding passes. PDF417 is the standard selected by the Department of Homeland Security as the machine readable zone technology for RealID compliant driver licenses and state issued identification cards. It is also used by FedEx on package labels.

Features

In addition to features typical of two dimensional bar codes, PDF417's capabilities include:

XXL

XXL may refer to:

Film and television

Music

See also

XXL (Macedonian band)

XXL was a Macedonian girl pop group from Skopje who represented the Republic of Macedonia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2000 with the song "100% Te Ljubam" in Stockholm, Sweden. Versions of the song were recorded in both Macedonian and English. Author John Kennedy O'Connor suggests in his The Eurovision Song Contest - The Official History that the appearance and choreography had been emphasised to the exclusion of the vocals, which contributed to the low score.

The group members were: Marija Nikolova, Ivona Džamtovska, Rosica Nikolovska and Verica Karanfilovska.

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XXL (French TV)

XXL is a television channel in France that is dedicated to pornography and erotica. Created in 1996 and transmitted by the AB Sat satellite, it was at the time the first French channel to broadcast pornography every evening. Nowadays, it is available on every cable and satellite distributor as an option channel. XXL starts its programming at 10:30 PM with either an erotic film, or a talk show, sometimes hosted by former pornographic film actresses. Starting at midnight, it broadcasts two pornographic films, of which the second is a repeat broadcast from the previous week. It broadcasts a gay movie every Tuesday and an amateur film every Wednesday. At the time of the debate on the protection of the minors with respect to the images in pornographic matter of 2002, the channel was strongly criticized because half of pornographic films on French television, were on this channel.

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