KiriKiri

KiriKiri (吉里吉里) is a scripting engine by Japanese developer "w.dee". It is almost exclusively used with the KAG (KiriKiri Adventure Game System) framework as a visual novel engine. Usually, the package of the two components is regarded as the whole engine, and referenced with major version numbers. Thus, the current version is called KiriKiri2/KAG3. It is available under the GNU General Public License, though commercial licenses can be acquired if somebody wishes to expand the software without disclosing the changes.

KiriKiri has been used in both dōjin and commercial visual novels, the most well known of which are TYPE-MOON's Fate/stay night and Fate/hollow ataraxia. It is often used as a more modern and expandable replacement of the older NScripter engine.

KiriKiri stores its resources in archives with the .xp3 extension, though those archives can be concatenated with the executable for simple distribution as well. Another file format associated with KiriKiri is .tlg, a bitmap image file format with an integrated alpha channel. The scripting language itself (called TJS) is reminiscent of the object-oriented languages derived from ECMAScript (for example JavaScript), and KAG implements a tag-based markup formatting system similar to XML. KiriKiri/KAG is expandable with plugins in both binary (.dll) or its own script format. Though the engine is open-source, it has not yet been ported to operating systems other than Microsoft Windows, and more specifically Windows with Japanese language settings. To run nearly all KiriKiri-based games, it is necessary to either set the Windows locale to Japanese or to use AppLocale in Japanese mode. It is not necessary to set the Windows locale to Japanese or to use AppLocale in Japanese mode now if KiriKiri-based games use the Unicode character set.

Xeroderma pigmentosum

Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder of DNA repair in which the ability to repair damage caused by ultraviolet (UV) light is deficient. In extreme cases, all exposure to sunlight must be forbidden, no matter how small; as such, individuals with the disease are often colloquially referred to as "children of the night". Multiple basal cell carcinomas (basaliomas) and other skin malignancies frequently occur at a young age in those with XP; metastatic malignant melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma are the two most common causes of death in XP victims. This disease involves both sexes and all races, with an incidence of 1:250,000 in the United States. XP is roughly six times more common in Japanese people than in other groups.

Normally, damage to DNA in epidermal cells occurs during exposure to UV light. The absorption of the high-energy light leads to the formation of pyrimidine dimers, namely cyclobutane-pyrimidine dimers and pyrimidine-6-4-pyrimidone photoproducts. In a healthy, normal human being, the damage is first excised by endonucleases. DNA polymerase then repairs the missing sequence, and ligase "seals" the transaction. This process is known as nucleotide excision repair.