Work (electrical)

Electrical work is the work done on a charged particle by an electric field. The equation for 'electrical' work is equivalent to that of 'mechanical' work:

where

The electrical work per unit of charge, when moving a negligible test charge between two points, is defined as the voltage between those points.

Overview

Qualitative overview

Particles that are free to move, if positively charged, normally tend towards regions of lower voltage (net negative charge), while if negatively charged they tend to shift towards regions of higher voltage (net positive charge).

However, any movement of a positive charge into a region of higher voltage requires external work to be done against the field of the electric force, work equal to that electric field would do in moving that positive charge the same distance in the opposite direction. Similarly, it requires positive external work to transfer a negatively charged particle from a region of higher voltage to a region of lower voltage.

The electric force is a conservative force: work done by a static electric field is independent of the path taken by the charge. There is no change in the voltage (electric potential) around any closed path; when returning to the starting point in a closed path, the net of the external work done is zero. The same holds for electric fields.

Work of art

A work of art, artwork, art piece, piece of art or art object is an aesthetic physical item or artistic creation. Apart from "work of art", which may be used of any work regarded as art in its widest sense, including works from literature and music, these terms apply principally to tangible, portable forms of visual art:

Used more broadly, the term is less commonly applied to:

Work (Rihanna song)

"Work" is a song recorded by Barbadian singer Rihanna for her eighth studio album, Anti (2016). The song features a verse by Canadian rapper Drake. The artists co-wrote the single with PartyNextDoor, Allen Ritter, Rupert Thomas, R. Stephenson, Monte Moir, and Boi-1da; the latter is also the producer.

Upon its release, "Work" received mixed reviews from music critics. The song debuted at number nine and has so far peaked at number seven on the Billboard Hot 100, becoming Rihanna's 27th and Drake's 15th top ten entry on the chart. It has also peaked within the top ten of the charts in Australia, Canada, France, Hungary, Spain, and the United Kingdom.

Writing and development

"Work" was written by the artists, PartyNextDoor, Allen Ritter, Rupert "Sevn" Thomas, Monte Moir, R. Stephenson, and Boi-1da; the latter is also the producer. In the summer of 2015, Thomas, Ritter, Boi-1da and Martin Mason among others, stayed at Drake house in Los Angeles for a mid-week period. Thomas described the time spent at the home as a "beat factory, everyone was sitting there working and collaborating with each other." Thomas created a beat which was dancehall-influenced; he later played it for Boi-1da to which he positively responded, "We’re both Jamaican-Canadian. It was just something in our DNA, so it woke him up, and we started remembering all these old dancehall songs from the '90s." Boi-1da came with up idea for sampling an "old school dancehall rhythm" and after that the chords were made with Ritter and past it, "everything went organically".

Stardust (Lena album)

Stardust is the third studio album by German recording artist Lena Meyer-Landrut. It was released on October 12, 2012 on Universal Music. Both album and first single with the eponymous name achieved gold certification in Germany.

Background

Stardust is Lena's first album without contribution from former mentor, entertainer Stefan Raab. Principal songwriting began in late summer 2011 and during that process Lena made travels to Stockholm, London, and Hamburg. Throughout the sessions, she collaborated with musicians like Matthew Benbrook,Pauline Taylor,Johnny McDaid,James Flannigan, and Sonny Boy Gustafsson, who produced five of the songs. Four titles were written in collaboration with Miss Li of which the song "ASAP" is a duet with the Swedish singer-songwriter. Lena participated on nine songs as co-author. "Better News" and "I'm Black" were composed in collaboration with Ian Dench, who formerly worked with EMF and Florence and the Machine. The idea to "Don't Panic" was inspired by a fire alert in London. "Mr Arrow Key" is about a guide for the things of life. "Pink Elephant" covers the story of a girl who is clumsy like an elephant. "Goosebumps" is a song about homesickness. "To the Moon" is a love song which took Lena, her co-writer Alexander Schroer and producer Swen Meyer seven months to find suitable lyrics for a certain melody. "Neon (Lonely People)" describes the feeling of loneliness despite the fact that someone is among people.

Stardust (AC Comics)

Stardust is a fictional superhero who appears in the Femforce comic published by AC Comics. She debuted in Bill Black's Fun Comics #4 (March 1983).

Fictional character biography

Stardust's real name is Dr. Mara, a top scientist and political dissident from the female-dominated planet Rur. Looking for a weapon to use against the invading Kronons, Mara revives the hibernating Earth hero Captain Paragon and attempts to enlist his help in the battle. While trying to convince Captain Paragon to help, Mara accidentally enters the Stellar Erg Implanter, which gives her super powers.

Tired of the warlike policies of the Ruran queen, Mara eventually leaves Rur with Captain Paragon when he returns to Earth. She becomes a member of the Sentinels of Justice, and after that team is disbanded she joins the Femforce. Stardust has difficulty adjusting to life on Earth. Her unfamiliarity with male-female interactions (her home planet was made up of women) later leads to a brief but bitter rivalry with the second Ms. Victory, when Stardust inadvertently started having an affair with Jennifer's estranged husband, David Burke.

Stardust (Marvel Comics)

Stardust (Lambda-Zero) is a fictional character appearing in the comic books published by Marvel Comics and existing in that company's Marvel Universe. Stardust is one of the many Heralds of Galactus. Unlike most of Galactus's Heralds, Stardust seeks to kill all who attempt to escape the planets that Galactus feeds upon, an action that Galactus neither requires nor forbids.

This Stardust should not be confused with the other Marvel character known as Stardust, a former enemy of Rom the Spaceknight.

Fictional character biography

The Ethereal Lambda-Zero, who later became known as Stardust, the Herald of Galactus, was first introduced in the comics series Stormbreaker: The Saga of Beta Ray Bill. The first planet Stardust fed to Galactus was New Korbin, after he slaughtered most of the planet's inhabitants.

This led to a series of confrontation with Beta Ray Bill, who was busy attempting to rescue the Korbinites. The two fought each other, and after the first confrontation, Stardust sought out Bill after he obtained the Meta-Orb. Planning on crushing Bill with it, the two fought each other until Stardust opened a portal to a dimension filled with the most evil beings of the universe hoping to trap Bill there. Bill managed to escape, but a being named Asteroth escaped and began devouring galaxies. Stardust and Bill joined forces, with Stardust using his powers to open a black hole behind Asteroth hoping to lock Asteroth in it. However, Asteroth resisted and the hole instead sucked both Stardust and Bill to a near death.