Scope

The word scope may refer to many different devices or viewing instruments, constructed for many different purposes. Uses of scope or scopes may refer to:

Business and organisations

Brand names

Computing

Concepts

Scope (computer science)

In computer programming, the scope of a name binding – an association of a name to an entity, such as a variable – is the part of a computer program where the binding is valid: where the name can be used to refer to the entity. In other parts of the program the name may refer to a different entity (it may have a different binding), or to nothing at all (it may be unbound). The scope of a binding is also known as the visibility of an entity, particularly in older or more technical literature – this is from the perspective of the referenced entity, not the referencing name. A scope is a part of a program that is or can be the scope for a set of bindings – a precise definition is tricky (see below), but in casual use and in practice largely corresponds to a block, a function, or a file, depending on language and type of entity. The term "scope" is also used to refer to the set of all entities that are visible or names that are valid within a portion of the program or at a given point in a program, which is more correctly referred to as context or environment.

Structure-based combinatorial protein engineering

Structure-based combinatorial protein engineering (SCOPE) is a synthetic biology technique for creating gene libraries (lineages) of defined composition designed from structural and probabilistic constraints of the encoded proteins. The development of this technique was driven by fundamental questions about protein structure, function, and evolution, although the technique is generally applicable for the creation of engineered proteins with commercially desirable properties. Combinatorial travel through sequence spacetime is the goal of SCOPE.

At its inception, SCOPE was developed as a homology-independent recombination technique to enable the creation of multiple crossover libraries from distantly related genes. In this application, an “exon plate tectonics” design strategy was devised to assemble “equivalent” elements of structure (continental plates) with variability in the junctions linking them (fault lines) to explore global protein space. To create the corresponding library of genes, the breeding scheme of Gregor Mendel was adapted into a PCR strategy to selectively cross hybrid genes, a process of iterative inbreeding to create all possible combinations of coding segments with variable linkages. Genetic complementation in temperature-sensitive E. coli was used as the selection system to successfully identify functional hybrid DNA polymerases of minimal architecture with enhanced phenotypes.

Wizard

Wizard is a synonym for a magician.

Wizard, the wizard or wizards may also refer to:

Characters

Film and television

Wizard (song)

"Wizard" is a song by Dutch DJs and producers Martin Garrix and Jay Hardway. It was released as a digital download on 2 December 2013 on iTunes. The song has peaked to number 6 in Belgium, number 7 in the United Kingdom and number 17 in the Netherlands. The song was written and produced by Garritsen and Heiblom.

Music video

A music video to accompany the release of "Wizard" was first released onto YouTube on November 19, 2013 at a total length of three minutes and thirty-seven seconds (Included Spinnin' Records promo intro, so the actual length is three minutes and thirty-one seconds). The clip features clips of Garrix and Hardway performing together as well as clips of people dancing to the song. The video currently has over 100 million views. Garrix's Vevo channel had also uploaded its music video on 13 February 2014 but not available for worldwide.

Track listing

Commercial performance

Weekly charts

Certifications

Release history

References

Wizard (Marvel Comics)

The Wizard (Bentley Wittman), also known as the Wingless Wizard, is a fictional character, a supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. He first appeared as an enemy for the Human Torch.

Publication history

The Wizard's first appearance was in Strange Tales #102 and was created by Stan Lee, Larry Lieber, and Jack Kirby.

Fictional character biography

Bentley Wittman grew up possessing near-superhuman levels of genius and was a child prodigy and chess champion. As an adult, he became an inventor of great renown, selling his futuristic inventions to the wealthy and becoming quite rich. He became known as the Wizard by legally assuming this stage name and using his advanced scientific inventions to perform feats of "magic" as a stage magician and escape artist.

Intellectually bored, however, he decided to become a professional criminal and defeat Johnny Storm, who had just appeared to the world as the Human Torch. Pretending to be a victim by pretending his attempt to use a new drill had gone wrong and he was trapped, he really had enough air for weeks, he was rescued by the Torch and invited him to his high-tech, futuristic mansion on Long Island. There he captured the Torch with ease by pretending to take a three-dimensional photo, but really squirting a liquid onto the Torch. The Torch was then locked in an asbestos cell at gunpoint. The Wizard impersonated the Torch, launching a crime spree to destroy the Torch's reputation. However, the Torch escaped and with help from the Invisible Girl, got photos showing the Wizard had impersonated him and the Wizard was sent to prison.