Wild type

Wild type (WT) refers to the phenotype of the typical form of a species as it occurs in nature. Originally, the wild type was conceptualized as a product of the standard "normal" allele at a locus, in contrast to that produced by a non-standard, "mutant" allele. "Mutant" alleles can vary to a great extent, and even become the wild type if a genetic shift occurs within the population. Continued advancements in genetic mapping technologies have created a better understanding of how mutations occur and interact with other genes to alter phenotype. It is now appreciated that most or all gene loci exist in a variety of allelic forms, which vary in frequency throughout the geographic range of a species, and that a uniform wild type does not exist. In general, however, the most prevalent allele – i.e., the one with the highest gene frequency – is the one deemed as wild type.

The concept of wild type is useful in some experimental organisms such as fruit flies Drosophila melanogaster, in which the standard phenotypes for features such as eye color or wing shape are known to be altered by particular mutations that produce distinctive phenotypes, such as "white eyes" or "vestigial wings". Wild-type alleles are indicated with a "+" superscript, for example w⁺ and vg⁺ for red eyes and full-size wings, respectively. Manipulation of the genes behind these traits led to the current understanding of how organisms form and how traits mutate within a population. Research involving the manipulation of wild-type alleles has application in many fields, including fighting disease and commercial food production.

Haunted (Poe album)

Haunted is the second album by American singer/songwriter Poe, released in 2000 (see 2000 in music) after a five-year hiatus from her debut album Hello in 1995. The self-produced album was created as a tribute to her father, and counterpart to her brother Mark Z. Danielewski's novel House of Leaves.

History

Haunted found Poe combining traditional pop notions with electronic, dance and hard rock music. A critical success and largely adored by her existing fanbase, it nonetheless flopped commercially, largely due to the manner in which it was marketed. The song "Hey Pretty" was released as a promo single, but Poe's vocals had been replaced with a chapter reading from her brother, as alternative radio of 2001 was not very willing to play female artists. It reached #13 on Billboard's US Modern Rock chart. The music video for the song was deemed too racy for MTV (it showed Poe writhing around in mud in nothing but a bra.) A follow up promo single, "Walk the Walk", was released because it had been chosen as the theme song to a new TV drama called Girls Club. However, the show was canceled after two episodes. "Wild" was released as a third single, garnering some radio play in the Chicago area. The single was never released commercially, but featured a shorter radio mix in addition to an acoustic/rock version of the song. The title track was used as the theme song to the film Book of Shadows: Blair Witch 2, a box-office failure. The commercial failure of Poe's second album contributed to the loss of her distribution contract with Atlantic Records.

List of programming syndicated by iHeartMedia

The majority of programming syndicated by iHeartMedia is distributed through its subsidiary, Premiere Networks. However, several iHeartMedia radio shows are syndicated by their local stations without the aid of Premiere. Talk shows of this type are generally broadcast through Orbital Media Networks, Inc. (formerly Clear Channel Satellite Services); music programs of this type are generally prerecorded and distributed through a company intranet service known as Premium Choice.

Talk shows

The following is a list of radio programs which are syndicated by iHeartMedia but are not distributed by its radio network subsidiary, Premiere Networks. In general, iHeartMedia syndicates a show outside of Premiere either as a cost-cutting measure, or because the show's talent has specifically requested syndication as condition to work for, or continue working for, the company. Talk shows currently syndicated by iHeartMedia are listed in the table below. Talk shows formerly syndicated by iHeartMedia (as Clear Channel Communications) include America's Trucking Network, Kidd Kraddick in the Morning, Lex and Terry, MJ Morning Show, Springer on the Radio, The Schnitt Show, and The War Room with Quinn and Rose. Talk shows syndicated by iHeartMedia that have moved to Premiere include Elvis Duran and the Morning Show and The Bobby Bones Show.

Nine Muses (band)

Nine Muses (Korean: 나인뮤지스, often stylized as 9MUSES or NINE MUSES) is a South Korean girl group under Star Empire Entertainment. The group derives its name from the nine Muses of the Greek Mythology. The group composed of eight (formerly nine) members: Hyuna, Euaerin, Sungah, Kyungri, Hyemi, Minha, Sojin, and Keumjo. They made their debut in 2010 with the single "No Playboy" from the single album, Let's Have a Party.

History

2010–2011: Debut, line-up changes and Figaro

The formation of Nine Muses was announced on March 26, 2010. Their first release was on August 12, 2010 with the single album Let's Have a Party. The lead track "No Playboy" is a song produced by composers Rainstone and Park Jin Young. In October, Jaekyung dropped out of the group to focus on her modeling career and was replaced by Hyuna. To advance into the Japanese market, on December 26, 2010, Nine Muses performed six songs on Seoul Train, an event in which K-pop artists and groups perform for their Japanese fans, alongside V.O.S. and ZE:A.

Type (designation)

The word Type followed by a number is a common way to name a weapon or product in a production series, similar in meaning to "Mark". "Type" was used extensively by the Japanese and Chinese militaries beginning in the 1920s, and is still in current use by the militaries of both nations. The United Kingdom uses a type number system for much of their military equipment. Many other nations use the word "Type" to designate products in a series.

Japan

The Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) began using the Type-Number System in 1921 to designate aircraft accepted for production. The numbers used after the word "Type" were based on the number of years that the Emperor Taishō had reigned. Since his reign began in 1912, an aircraft ordered into production in 1921 would have been called "Type 10", the tenth year of the emperor's reign. At the end of 1926, the emperor died, leaving his son Hirohito as the Emperor Shōwa, and the numbering system was reset to mark the new emperor's reign.

In 1929, the government of Japan adopted a new system based on the imperial year. Aircraft ordered for production from 1929 onward were assigned the last two digits of the year marking the continuity of Japanese emperors. 1929 was the 2589th imperial year, so aircraft ordered that year were designated "Type 89". 1940 was the 2600th year, and the IJN numbering system was reset to single digits. New aircraft were designated 0 (zero). The well-known Mitsubishi A6M Zero was ordered into production in 1940 as the IJN "Type 0 Carrier Fighter" (Rei shiki Kanjō sentōki, 零式艦上戦闘機), and was popularly called the "Zero" because of its type.

Glossary of numismatics

This article is a collection of Numismatic and coin collecting terms with concise explanation for the beginner or professional.

Numismatics (ancient Greek: νομισματική) is the scientific study of money and its history in all its varied forms. While numismatists are often characterized as studying coins, the discipline also includes the study of banknotes, stock certificates, medals, medallions, and tokens (also referred to as Exonumia).

Sub-fields or related fields of numismatics are:

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

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T

U

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Y

Z

References

Type theory

In mathematics, logic, and computer science, a type theory is any of a class of formal systems, some of which can serve as alternatives to set theory as a foundation for all mathematics. In type theory, every "term" has a "type" and operations are restricted to terms of a certain type.

Type theory is closely related to (and in some cases overlaps with) type systems, which are a programming language feature used to reduce bugs. The types of type theory were created to avoid paradoxes in a variety of formal logics and rewrite systems and sometimes "type theory" is used to refer to this broader application.

Two well-known type theories that can serve as mathematical foundations are Alonzo Church's typed λ-calculus and Per Martin-Löf's intuitionistic type theory.

History

The types of type theory were invented by Bertrand Russell in response to his discovery that Gottlob Frege's version of naive set theory was afflicted with Russell's paradox. This theory of types features prominently in Whitehead and Russell's Principia Mathematica. It avoids Russell's paradox by first creating a hierarchy of types, then assigning each mathematical (and possibly other) entity to a type. Objects of a given type are built exclusively from objects of preceding types (those lower in the hierarchy), thus preventing loops.