White line

White line(s) may refer to:

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White Lines (Don't Don't Do It)

"White Lines (Don't Don't Do It)" is a hip-hop-funk song by Melle Mel, released as a 12" in 1983 on Sugar Hill Records. The song, which warns against the dangers of cocaine, addiction, and drug smuggling, is one of Melle Mel's signature tracks. The bassline is sampled from a performance of the Sugar Hill house band (featuring bassist Doug Wimbish) covering "Cavern", a single by post-punk band Liquid Liquid.

Overview

When originally released on Sugarhill, the record was credited to Grandmaster Flash & Melle Mel (some international issues also carried the same credit). This was done to mislead the general public into believing that Grandmaster Flash participated on the record, when in fact he played no part and had already left the Sugar Hill Records label the previous year.

"White Lines" peaked at No. 47 on the Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks chart in 1983. The song fared better in the United Kingdom, reaching number 7 on the UK Singles Chart in July 1984, spending 17 consecutive weeks in the top 40. It was the 13th best-selling single of 1984 in the UK, selling more than several number one hits that year.

EC

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Sicilian Defence

The Sicilian Defence is a chess opening that begins with the moves:

The Sicilian is the most popular and best-scoring response to White's first move 1.e4. 1.d4 is a statistically more successful opening for white due to the high success rate of the Sicilian defence against 1.e4.New In Chess stated in its 2000 Yearbook that of the games in its database, White scored 56.1% in 296,200 games beginning 1.d4, but 54.1% in 349,855 games beginning 1.e4, mainly due to the Sicilian, which held White to a 52.3% score in 145,996 games.

17% of all games between grandmasters, and 25% of the games in the Chess Informant database, begin with the Sicilian. Almost one quarter of all games use the Sicilian Defence.

Grandmaster John Nunn attributes the Sicilian Defence's popularity to "its combative nature; in many lines Black is playing not just for equality, but for the advantage. The drawback is that White often obtains an early initiative, so Black has to take care not to fall victim to a quick attack." Grandmaster Jonathan Rowson considered why the Sicilian is the most successful response to 1.e4, even though 1...c5 develops no pieces, and the pawn on c5 controls only d4 and b4. Rowson writes:

Planck charge

In physics, the Planck charge, denoted by , is one of the base units in the system of natural units called Planck units. It is a quantity of electric charge defined in terms of fundamental physical constants.

The Planck charge is defined as:

where:

The Planck charge is times larger than the elementary charge e carried by an electron.

The Gaussian cgs units are defined so that , in which case has the following simple form:

It is customary in theoretical physics to adopt the Lorentz–Heaviside units (also known as rationalized cgs). When made natural () they are like the SI system with . Therefore it is more appropriate to define the Planck charge as

When charges are measured in units of , i.e., when is set equal to 1, we obtain , which is commonly used in theoretical physics. In contrast, in (non-rationalized) natural cgs units where we have .

See also

Notes and references