Lotna

Lotna is a Polish war film released in 1959 and directed by Andrzej Wajda.

Overview

This highly symbolic movie is both the director's tribute to the long and glorious history of the Polish cavalry, as well as a more ambiguous portrait of the passing of an era. Wajda was the son of a Polish Cavalry officer who was murdered by the Soviets during the Katyn massacre.

The horse Lotna represents the entire Romantic tradition in culture, a tradition that had a huge influence in the course of Polish history and the formation of Polish literature. Lotna is Wajda's meditation on the historical breaking point that was 1939, as well as a reflection on the ending of an entire era for literature and culture in Poland and in Europe as a whole. Writing of the film, Wajda states that it "held great hopes for him, perhaps more than any other." Sadly, Wajda came to think of Lotna "a failure as a film."

The film remains highly controversial, as Wajda includes a mythical scene in which Polish horsemen suicidally charge a unit of German tanks, an event that never actually happened.

Ten Speed

Ten Speed may refer to:

Four-velocity

In physics, in particular in special relativity and general relativity, a four-velocity is a four-vector in four-dimensional spacetime that represents the relativistic counterpart of velocity, which is a three-dimensional vector in space.

Physical events correspond to mathematical points in time and space, the set of all of them together forming a mathematical model of physical four-dimensional spacetime. The history of an object traces a curve in spacetime, called its world line. If the object is massive, so that its speed is less than the speed of light, the world line may be parametrized by the proper time of the object. The four-velocity is the rate of change of four-position with respect to the proper time along the curve. The velocity, in contrast, is the rate of change of the position in (three-dimensional) space of the object, as seen by an observer, with respect to the observer's time.

The value of the magnitude of an object's four-velocity, i. e. the quantity obtained by applying the metric tensor g to the four-velocity u, that is ||u||² = u ⋅ u = g_μνu^νu^μ, is always equal to ±c², where c is the speed of light. Whether the plus or minus sign applies depends on the choice of metric signature. For an object at rest its four-velocity is parallel to the direction of the time coordinate with u⁰ = c. A four-velocity is thus the normalized future-directed timelike tangent vector to a world line, and is a contravariant vector. Though it is a vector, addition of two four-velocities does not yield a four-velocity: The space of four-velocities is not itself a vector space.

Waves (Terje Rypdal album)

Waves is the seventh album by Norwegian jazz guitarist Terje Rypdal recorded in 1977 and released on the ECM label.

Reception

The Allmusic review by Michael P. Dawson awarded the album 4 stars stating "This contains some of Rypdal's jazziest music".

Track listing

Personnel

References

Wave (disambiguation)

A wave is a disturbance that propagates through space and time, transferring energy. The original meaning was that of waves on water, or Wind waves. Many other phenomena are defined to be like waves.

Wave or waves may refer to:

Sciences

Waves (Jade Warrior album)

Waves is the fifth studio album by the British progressive/experimental rock band Jade Warrior released in 1975 by Island Records. The album, written, recorded and produced by Jon Field and Tony Duhig with guest musicians (Steve Winwood among them) consisted of one single composition which in the pre-CD days had to be divided into two parts to fit A and B sides.

Style and concept

Jade Warrior's second of the four Island albums was dedicated to "the last whale". It had no recurring theme and was marked by a slightly jazzier feel than its predecessor, carrying a listener "through dawn-lit countryside full of birdsong, downriver to the ocean, and out among the great whales". Describing the band's musical vision at the time as "increasingly exotic", AllMusic found the Island albums "dreamlike, pushing a lighter jazz sound to the forefront", featuring "myriad percussive sounds but drum kits were rarely in evidence". "The band liked to create a soothing, ethereal feel, then shatter it with gongs and unexpectedly raucous electric guitar, usually from guest David Duhig, Tony's brother. The albums featured occasional celebrity guests such as Steve Winwood, but Jade Warrior had a style of its own", critic Casey Elston wrote.