Waterfall

A waterfall is a place where water flows over a vertical drop in the course of a stream or river. Waterfalls also occur where meltwater drops over the edge of a tabular iceberg or ice shelf.

Formation

Waterfalls are commonly formed in the upper course of the river. At these times the channel is often narrow and deep. When the river courses over resistant bedrock, erosion happens slowly, while downstream the erosion occurs more rapidly. As the watercourse increases its velocity at the edge of the waterfall, it plucks material from the riverbed. Whirlpools created in the turbulence as well as sand and stones carried by the watercourse increase the erosion capacity. This causes the waterfall to carve deeper into the bed and to recede upstream. Often over time, the waterfall will recede back to form a canyon or gorge downstream as it recedes upstream, and it will carve deeper into the ridge above it. The rate of retreat for a waterfall can be as high as one and half meters per year.

Often, the rock stratum just below the more resistant shelf will be of a softer type, meaning that undercutting due to splashback will occur here to form a shallow cave-like formation known as a rock shelter under and behind the waterfall. Eventually, the outcropping, more resistant cap rock will collapse under pressure to add blocks of rock to the base of the waterfall. These blocks of rock are then broken down into smaller boulders by attrition as they collide with each other, and they also erode the base of the waterfall by abrasion, creating a deep plunge pool or gorge.

Waterfall (Carly Simon song)

"Waterfall" is a song written and performed by Carly Simon, and produced by Richard Perry. The song served as the second single from Simon's fifth studio album, Playing Possum.

Waterfall was not as successful on the Billboard Pop singles chart as its predecessor "Attitude Dancing", peaking only at #78. However, it was much more successful on the Billboard Adult Contemporary chart, reaching a peak position of #21.

Simon later included the track on her 2002 career retrospective set, Anthology.James Taylor provides backing vocals on the track.

Track listing

Charts

References

External links

Waterfall (album)

Waterfall is the fourth album released for the American market by the English jazz rock band If. It was first issued in 1972 and reached #195 on the Billboard Pop Albums Chart.

It is a rearranged version of If 4, containing two tracks, "Paint Your Pictures" and "Cast No Shadows", in substitution of "You in Your Small Corner" and "Svenska Soma", which had been released on IF 4. The original recording line-up was modified to include two new members, Cliff Davies and Dave Wintour, who filled the drum and bass chairs in substitution of Dennis Elliott and Jim Richardson, respectively.

The album was recorded in London at Command Studios in February and at Morgan Studios in July 1972.

Track listing

Bonus tracks on CD release from 2003:

Worms?

Worms? is a 1983 computer game written by David Maynard for Electronic Arts, released for the Atari 800 and Commodore 64. It was one of the original five games that launched the company. More a software toy than a game, Worms? is an interactive version of Paterson's Worms.

The game is abstract, like Conway's Game of Life, but the player's ostensible goal is to optimally program one or more "worms" (each a sort of cellular automaton) to grow and survive as long as possible. The game area is divided up into hexagonal cells, and the worms are essentially programmed to move in a particular direction for each combination of filled-in and empty frame segments in their immediate vicinity. Over the course of a game, the player needs to give his/her worm less and less input, and more and more moves by their worm result in the encountering of familiar situation for which the worm has already been 'trained'. As the worms move, they generate aleatoric music.

Reception

Orson Scott Card in Compute! in 1983 gave Worms? and two other EA games, M.U.L.E. and Archon: The Light and the Dark, complimentary reviews, writing that "they are original; they do what they set out to do very, very well; they allow the player to take part in the creativity; they do things that only computers can do".Compute!'s Gazette's reviewer called Worms? for the Commodore 64 "one of the most fascinating games I've played in a long time. It's so different from anything else that it quickly captivated me. Worms? tournaments become popular among the staff of Compute! ... [It] is as much fun to watch as it is to play". He added that part of its appeal was that "The game is hard to master. It's easy to play, but seems almost impossible to play well time after time".Compute! listed the game in May 1988 as one of "Our Favorite Games", writing that four years after its introduction "Worms? is still in a class by itself", requiring "a sense of strategy as well as proficiency at joystick maneuvers".

Worm (Kamen Rider)

Worms (ワーム, Wāmu) are the villains in the Japanese tokusatsu series Kamen Rider Kabuto. They are an alien life form that came from a meteor destroying the city district of Shibuya seven years prior to the series' timeline. However, the Worms known as Natives existed prior to the coming of the Shibuya Meteorite, through another meteorite that came 35 years ago. In the movie, a third meteor nearly hit the Earth, though thanks to Kabuto it was adverted and history was altered. This implies that meteors containing Worms are insolated and there are others.

The Worms were designed by Yasushi Nirasawa (韮沢 靖, Nirasawa Yasushi), who also designed the Undead for Kamen Rider Blade, the Horrors in GARO and later created the Imagin for Kamen Rider Den-O. These designs were later detailed in Worm Works: GITAI (ワームワークスGITAI, Wāmu Wākusu GITAI).

Shibuya Meteorite

A mysterious meteorite that crashed into Shibuya seven years ago. This meteorite brought along the extraterrestrial creatures known as Worms. During episode 41, Riku Kagami explains that another meteorite carrying the Natives had arrived on Earth thirty-five years before this, explaining why fragments of the meteorite similar to those of the Shibuya Meteorite existed so long ago. The Natives that arrived on Earth worked with humans to create the Masked Rider System in order to fend off the threat of other Worms that would arrive later. In the movie, which acts as a prequel to the series, it is revealed this meteor was actually far larger and would've vaporized Earth's oceans and released many more Worms until Hyper Kabuto went back in time with the meteor and caused it to slam into the Shibuya meteor, resulting in only a small fragment of it landing in Shibuya.

Worms (electoral district)

Worms is one of the 299 single member constituencies used for the German parliament, the Bundestag. One of fifteen districts covering the state of Rhineland-Palatinate, it consists of the city of Worms, the Alzey-Worms district and the municipalities of Bodenheim, Guntersblum and Nierstein-Oppenheim from the Mainz-Bingen district.

The constituency was created for the 1949 election, the first election in West Germany after World War II. The constituency was held by the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) at every election until 2013 election, when it was gained by the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) candidate Jan Metzler.

Boundaries

Since its creation, the constituency has consisted of the city of Worms and the Alzey-Worms district, the latter of which was formed as a merger of its two eponymous districts in 1969. Until the 1972 election it also included the town of Oppenheim, however in that election it was removed and the district assumed its current boundaries.