Vostok (rocket family)

Vostok (Russian Восток, translated as "East") was a family of rockets derived from the Soviet R-7 Semyorka ICBM designed for the human spaceflight programme. This family of rockets launched the first artificial satellite ("sputnik") and the first manned spacecraft in human history. It was a subset of the R-7 family of rockets.

On March 18, 1980 a Vostok-2M rocket exploded on its launch pad at Plesetsk during a fueling operation, killing 48 people. An investigation into a similar – but avoided – accident revealed that the substitution of lead-based for tin-based solder in hydrogen peroxide filters allowed the breakdown of the H₂O₂, thus causing the resultant explosion.

Variants

The major versions of the rocket were:

Luna 8K72 - used to launch the early Luna spacecraft

Vostok-L 8K72 - Variant of the Luna, used to launch prototype Vostok spacecraft

Vostok-K 8K72K - a refined version of the above. This was the version actually used for human spaceflight

Vostok-2 8A92 - used for launching Zenit reconnaissance satellites throughout the 1960s

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Vostok (rocket family)

Variants

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