Vin jaune

Vin jaune (French for "yellow wine") is a special and characteristic type of white wine made in the Jura region in eastern France. It is similar to dry fino Sherry and gets its character from being matured in a barrel under a film of yeast, known as the voile, on the wine's surface. Vin jaune shares many similarities with Sherry, including some aromas, but unlike Sherry, it is not a fortified wine. The wine is made from the Savagnin grape, with some of the most premium examples coming from the marl based vineyards in the Château-Chalon AOC. In other French wine regions, there has been experimentation in producing similar style wines from Chardonnay and other local grape varieties using cultured yeast such as the vin de voile wine produced in the Gaillac.

Production

Vin jaune is made from late harvest Savagnin grapes, a white variety in the Traminer family which is less aromatic than the better-known Gewürztraminer. The grapes are usually harvested in late October when the sugars have developed enough to have a potential alcohol level of 13–15% for the finished wine. The grapes are fermented slowly and then kept in small old oak casks that hold 228 liters (60 gallons). The casks are not topped up, as they are with most wines, so an air gap appears above the wine due to evaporation. A film of yeast grows over the wine, protecting it partially (but not totally) from oxidation. In Jura, this film is called the voile (veil), but it is similar to the more familiar "flor" in Sherry production. The voile yeast has many similar properties to "flor" but thrives better in a lower alcohol environment and develops less heavily and thickly than "flor" does.

Jaune

Jaune might refer to:

Jaune (album)

Jaune is an album by Jean-Pierre Ferland, released in 1970. Considered an enduring classic of Canadian and Quebec music, the album was named the 71st greatest Canadian album of all time in Bob Mersereau's 2007 book The Top 100 Canadian Albums. It was the only francophone album from Quebec named to the list besides the three studio albums by Harmonium.

In 2005 Ferland released a 35th anniversary box set version of the album, which included the original album, new recordings of the album's songs by Ferland himself, an audio DVD including a surround sound remastering of the album, and a disc including covers of the album's songs by musicians such as Ariane Moffatt, Champion, Montag, Sixtoo, Kid Loco and Carl Bastien. "Le Chat du café des artistes" was covered by Charlotte Gainsbourg on her 2010 album IRM. American musician Tony Levin played bass on this album. He would later be famous for being a member of Peter Gabriel's backing band and also of King Crimson, among others.

Track listing

Jewna

Jewna (Belarusian: Еўна, Lithuanian: Jaunė, literally, young woman; died ca. 1344) was daughter of Prince Ivan of Polatsk and wife of Gediminas, the Grand Duke of Lithuania, Ruthenia and Samogitia (1316–1341). She is mentioned in written sources only once – the Bychowiec Chronicle, a late and unreliable source. Therefore some historians cast a serious doubt on her existence, but modern reference works still widely cite her as the ancestress of the Gediminids dynasty.

There are considerable doubts about how many wives Gediminas had. The Bychowiec Chronicle mentions three wives: Vida from Courland, Olga from Smolensk, and Jewna. Some modern historians suggest that Gediminas had two wives, one from local pagan nobles, and Jewna, an Orthodox. S. C. Rowell claims that Gediminas had only one wife, an unknown pagan duchess. He argues that an important marriage to a Ruthenian or Polish princess like Jewna would have been noted in contemporary sources.

The Bychowiec Chronicle mentions that after Jewna's death, brothers Algirdas and Kęstutis became displeased with Jaunutis, whom Gediminas chose as his heir. Soon they deposed Jaunutis. This episode is interpreted that weak Jaunutis was protected by his mother. If such interpretation was accurate, then it would testify the power and influence of queen mother in pagan Lithuania.

Vin

Vin may refer to:

People

Vincent

Other or indeterminate

Vine (demon)

In demonology, Vine (also known as vain) is an Earl and also a King of Hell, commanded by Satan. He is known to be the trickiest, deadliest demon. He has the power to take one's soul without permission. He can tell present, past and future, discover witches and hidden things, create storms and make the water rough by means of these storms, bring down walls and build towers.

This demon is portrayed as a lion holding a snake in his hand and riding a black horse.

The etymology of his name seems to be stemming from the Latin word 'vinea', vine, which is also the name given to an ancient war machine made of wood and covered with leather and branches, used to overthrow walls.

Other spellings: Viné, Vinea.

See also

Sources

Vehicle identification number

A vehicle identification number, commonly abbreviated to VIN, or chassis number, is a unique code including a serial number, used by the automotive industry to identify individual motor vehicles, towed vehicles, motorcycles, scooters and mopeds as defined in ISO 3833.

VINs were first used in 1954. From 1954 to 1981, there was no accepted standard for these numbers, so different manufacturers used different formats.

In 1981, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration of the United States standardized the format. It required all over-the-road-vehicles sold to contain a 17-character VIN, which does not include the letters I (i), O (o), or Q (q) (to avoid confusion with numerals 1 and 0).

There are vehicle history services in several countries that can help potential car owners use VINs to find vehicles that are defective or have been written off. See the used car article for a list of countries where this service is available.

VIN: classification

There are at least four competing standards used to calculate VIN.