Copal
Copal is a name given to tree resin from the copal tree Protium copal (Burseraceae) that is particularly identified with the aromatic resins used by the cultures of pre-Columbian Mesoamerica as ceremonially burned incense and other purposes. More generally, the term copal describes resinous substances in an intermediate stage of polymerization and hardening between "gummier" resins and amber. The word copal is derived from the Nahuatl language word copalli, meaning "incense".
To the pre-Columbian Maya and contemporary Maya peoples it is known in the various Mayan languages as pom (or a close variation thereof), although the word itself has been demonstrated to be a loanword to Mayan from Mixe–Zoquean languages.
Copal is still used by a number of indigenous peoples of Mexico and Central America as an incense, during sweat lodge ceremonies and Sacred Mushroom ceremonies. It is available in different forms. The hard, amber-like yellow copal is a less expensive version. The white copal, a hard, milky, sticky substance, is a more expensive version of the same resin.
Bursera glabrifolia
Bursera glabrifolia is a Mexican species of trees native to central Mexico (Guerrero, Morelos, Michoacán, México State, Puebla, Oaxaca).
Bursera glabrifolia is one of two species commonly referred to as copal. Copal is the wood most commonly used by the woodcarvers in Oaxaca, Mexico. The woodcarvers refer to Bursera glabrifolia as "macho" or male copal, which they like less than Bursera bipinnata, which they refer to as "Hembra" or female copal.
Bursera glabrifolia is a small tree native to the tropical dry forests of Mexico. It was first described by Carl Sigismund Kunth in 1824 as Elaphrium glabrifolium and then transferred to the genus Bursera by Adolf Engler in 1896.
References
Nidec Copal Corporation
Coordinates: 35°46′33.1″N 139°41′18.2″E / 35.775861°N 139.688389°E
The Nidec Copal Corporation (日本電産コパル株式会社 Nihon Densan Koparu Kabushiki-gaisha) (TYO: 7756), or Copal, is a Japanese manufacturer of optical, electronic and mechanical equipment, primarily for the photographic industry. It has been a subsidiary of Nidec Corporation since 1998, and was formerly known as the Copal Corporation. The company began operation in 1946, with small-scale production of photographic shutters; these are still one of the company's best-known products.
In the 1960s the company began producing the well-known Copal Square vertically travelling metal blade focal plane shutter, which was very successful and was used in cameras by many prominent manufacturers.
References
Velvet
Velvet is a type of woven tufted fabric in which the cut threads are evenly distributed, with a short dense pile, giving it a distinctive feel. By extension, the word velvety means "smooth like velvet." Velvet can be made from either synthetic or natural fibers.
Construction & composition
Velvet is woven on a special loom that weaves two thicknesses of the material at the same time. The two pieces are then cut apart to create the pile effect, and the two lengths of fabric are wound on separate take-up rolls. This complicated process meant that velvet was expensive to make before industrial power looms became available, and well-made velvet remains a fairly costly fabric. Velvet is difficult to clean because of its pile, but modern dry cleaning methods make cleaning more feasible. Velvet pile is created by warp or vertical yarns and velveteen pile is created by weft or fill yarns.
Velvet can be made from several different kinds of fibers, traditionally, the most expensive of which is silk. Much of the velvet sold today as "silk velvet" is actually a mix of rayon and silk. Velvet made entirely from silk is rare and usually has market prices of several hundred US dollars per yard. Cotton is also used to make velvet, though this often results in a less luxurious fabric. Velvet can also be made from fibers such as linen, mohair, and wool. A cloth made by the Kuba people of the Democratic Republic of Congo from raffia is often referred to as "Kuba velvet". More recently, synthetic velvets have been developed, mostly from polyester, nylon, viscose, acetate, and from either mixtures of different synthetics or from combined synthetics and natural fibers (for example viscose mixed with silk produces a very soft, reflective fabric). A small percentage of spandex is sometimes added to give the final material a certain amount of stretch (hence "stretch velvet").
Velvet (Sirius XM)
Velvet is a music channel that plays contemporary pop from vocalists like Adele, Andrea Bocelli, Sam Smith, Alicia Keys and Idina Menzel, it can be also heard on Sirius XM Radio 13 and Dish Network 6013.
Velvet was pre-empted to Holly on November 2, 2015, Sirius XM Love retained its normal format through December.
Velvet was an online-only channel.
Selected Artists Played
Adele
Alicia Keys
Sam Smith
Idina Menzel
Andrea Bocelli
See also
List of Sirius XM Radio channels
References
Velvet (bus company)
Black Velvet Travel Limited, trading as Velvet, was an English bus company based in Eastleigh, that operated between November 2007 and January 2015.
History
Velvet was established on 3 November 2007 by former Go South Coast manager Phil Stockley, and in January 2008 commenced running a temporary shuttle for Tesco staff.
On 25 February 2008, Velvet took over the running of Red Rocket A in Eastleigh, which was given up by previous operator Solent Blue Line as part of their network restructuring. Velvet gained a number of contracts to run other routes, as well as many new commercial ventures.
Since the start of 2014, Velvet had been withdrawing or reducing services following what is describes as 'a very difficult winter'. On 12 May 2014, Velvet surrendered the contract with Hampshire County Council to operate route 67 Winchester-West Meon-Petersfield, which moved on to Xelabus and Stagecoach South operation. All Barton Peveril College routes were transferred to Xelabus on 22 June 2014, along with the Eastleigh-Hedge End section of Velvet's A service. This followed the collapse of a deal in March 2014 which would have seen Xelabus take over the company.
