Grad

Grad may refer to:

Geometry and measurement

Gradian, a unit of angular measurement

Gradient of a scalar field, a differential operator in mathematics

Education related events and ceremonies

Graduation ceremony, or a graduate

Prom

People

Grad (surname)

Companies

Grad Associates, an architectural firm based in Newark, New Jersey

Military weapons

BM-21 Grad, a Soviet multiple-launch rocket system and an associated series of 122 mm (4.80 in) artillery rockets

Music & gaming

Grad (EP), a Cactus Jack EP

Grad, the dragon in Ral Grad

Places

Grad (toponymy) (Cyrillic: Град) is a Slavic word meaning "town", "city", "castle" or "fortified settlement" that appears in numerous Slavic toponyms

Grads (disambiguation)

Grads may refer to:

GrADS, a free software for geophysical data visualization

Loading... please wait...

This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Grad

Grad (toponymy)

Grad (Cyrillic: Град) is an Old Slavic word meaning "town", "city", "castle" or "fortified settlement". Initially present in all related languages as Gord (archaeology), it can still be found as "grad", or as Horod or Gorod (toponymy) in many placenames today.

These places have grad as part of their name:

Beograd ("white town"), capital of Serbia, known in English as Belgrade. The largest city with grad in its name.

Biograd ("white town")

Donji Grad ("lower town")

Filmski Grad ("film town")

Gornji Grad ("upper town")

Gradec ("small town/castle")

Grad, Slovenia

Leningrad ("Lenin's town")

Kaliningrad ("Kalinin's town")

Stalingrad ("Stalin's town")

Volgograd ("Volga town")

Mrkonjić Grad ("Mrkonjić's town")

Novi Grad ("new town")

Novigrad ("new town")

Stari Grad ("old town")

Dimitrovgrad ("Dimitrov's town")

Kirovgrad ("Kirov's town")

Visegrad ("upper town")

Dravograd ("Drava town")

Topolovgrad ("poplar town")

Asenovgrad ("Asen's town")

Ivaylovgrad ("Ivaylo's town")

Zlatograd ("gold town")

Gord (archaeology)

A gord is a medieval Slavonic fortified settlement, also occasionally known as a burgwall or Slavic burgwall after the German term for such sites. The ancient peoples were known for building wooden fortified settlements. The reconstructed Centum-satem isogloss word for such a settlement is g'herdh, gordъ, related to the Germanic *gard and *gart (as in Stuttgart etc.). This Proto-Slavic word (*gordъ) for town or city, later differentiated into grad (Cyrillic: град), gard,gorod (Cyrillic: город), etc.

Similar strongholds were built during the late Bronze and early Iron Ages by the Lusatian culture (ca. 1300 BC – 500 BC), and later in the 7th - 8th centuries BC in modern-day Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, Poland, Slovakia, Czech Republic and eastern Germany. These settlements were usually founded on strategic sites such as hills, riverbanks, lake islands or peninsulas.

A typical gord was a group of wooden houses, built either in rows or in circles, surrounded by one or more rings of walls made of earth and wood, a palisade and/or moats. Some gords were ring-shaped, with a round, oval or occasionally polygonal fence or wall surrounding a hollow. Others, built on a natural hill or a man-made mound, were cone-shaped. Those with a natural defense on one side, such as a river or lake, were usually horseshoe-shaped.