A painting of Captain Kidd with a red sash around his waist.

A sash (Arabic: شاش‎, shash[1]) is a cloth belt used to hold a robe together, and is usually tied about the waist. The Japanese equivalent of a sash, obi, serves to hold a kimono or yukata together. Decorative sashes may pass from the shoulder to the hip rather than around the waist. Sash is an Arabic loanword that was introduced into the English language in 1590.[2]

Contents

Military and official use [link]

The sashes of the French Foreign Legion are blue.

Sashes traditionally form part of formal military attire (compare the sword-belt known as a baldric, and the cummerbund). Most of the European Royal families wear sashes as a part of their royal (and/or military) regalia. Some orders such as the Légion d'honneur include sashes as part of the seniormost grades' insignia. In Latin America and some countries of Africa, a special presidential sash indicates a president's authority. In France and Italy, sashes, featuring the national flag tricolours and worn on the right shoulder, are used by public authorities and local officials; likewise Italian military officers wear light blue sashes over the right shoulder on ceremonial occasions.

Sashes are a distinctive feature of some regiments of the modern French Army for parade dress. They are worn around the waist in either dark blue or red by corps such as the Foreign Legion, the Spahis, the Chasseurs d' Afrique and the Tirailleurs which were originally raised in North Africa during the period of French colonial rule. In its traditional Franco-Algerian or zouave form the sash ("ceinture de laine") was four metres in length and forty centimetres in width. In the historic French Army of Africa, sashes were worn around the waist in either blue for European or red for indigenous troops.[3]

File:Sashvanda.jpg
Elaborately emboroidered sash from 1635-1642 (Victoria and Albert Museum no. 1509-1882).

At the time of the American Civil War (1861–65) silk sashes in crimson were authorized for officers and red woolen sashes for non-commissioned officers of the regular US Army (Army Regulations of 1861). U.S. Generals continued to wear buff silk sashes in full dress until 1917. In the Confederate Army of the Civil War period sash colour indicated the corps or status of the wearer. For example: gold for cavalry, burgundy for infantry, black for chaplains, red for sergeants, green or blue for medics, and grey or cream for general officers.

With the exception of the West Point Band Drum Major, today the West Point cadet officer is the only person in the Army who wears a sword and sash, the sole guardian of the tradition.[4][5]

The modern British Army retains a scarlet sash for wear in certain orders of dress by sergeants and above serving in infantry regiments, over the right shoulder to the left hip. A similar crimson silk net sash is worn around the waist by officers of the Foot Guards in scarlet full dress and officers of line infantry in dark blue "Number 1" dress. The same practice is followed in some Commonwealth armies.

The present day armies of India and Pakistan both make extensive use of waist sashes for ceremonial wear. The colours vary widely according to regiment or branch and match those of the turbans where worn. Typically two or more colours are incorporated in the sash, in vertical stripes. One end hangs loose at the side and may have an ornamental fringe. The practice of wearing distinctive regimental sashes or cummerbunds goes back to the late nineteenth century.[6]

In addition to those detailed above, several other modern armies retain sashes for wear by officers in ceremonial uniforms. These include the armies of Norway (crimson sashes), Sweden (yellow and blue), Greece (light blue and white), the Netherlands (orange), Portugal (crimson) and Spain (red and gold for generals, light blue for general staff and crimson for infantry officers).[7] The Spanish Regulares (infantry descended from colonial regiments formerly recruited in Spanish Morocco) retain their historic waist-sashes for all ranks in colours that vary according to the unit.[8]

Until 1914 sashes were worn as a peace-time mark of rank by officers of the Imperial German, Austro-Hungarian and Russian armies, amongst others. Japanese officers continued the practice in full dress uniform until 1940.[9]

Cross-belts resembling sashes are worn by Drum Majors in the Dutch, British and some Commonwealth armies. These carry scrolls bearing the names of battle honours.

Modern civilian and cultural use [link]

In the United States, the sash has picked up a more ceremonial and less practical purpose. Sashes are used at higher education commencement ceremonies, by high school homecoming parade nominees, in beauty pageants, as well as by corporations to acknowledge high achievement.

In Canada, hand woven sashes (called ceintures fléchées and sometimes "L'Assumption sash" after a town in which they were mass produced) were derived from Iroquoiuan carrying belts sometime in the 18th century. As a powerful multi-use tool this sash found use in the fur trade which brought it into the North West. In this period the weave got tighter and size expanded, with some examples more than four metres in length. Coloured thread was widely used. Today it is considered to be primarily a symbol of the 1837 Lower Canada Rebellion Patriotes and the Métis peoples.

In Ireland, especially Northern Ireland, the sash is a symbol of the Orange Order. Orange Order sashes were originally of the ceremonial shoulder-to-hip variety as worn by the British military. Over the 20th century the sash has been mostly replaced by V-shaped collarettes, which are still generally referred to as sashes. The item is celebrated in the song 'The Sash my Father Wore'.

Sashes are also worn by Girl Scouts, Boy Scouts and Beauty Pageant Participants. Badges are sewn onto the sash, to indicate achievements of the Scout.

Many modern schools of Chinese martial arts use sashes of various colors to denote rank as a reflection of the Japanese ranking system using belts.

Honorific orders [link]

Prince William, Duke of Cambridge wearing Garter Riband and Star

Sashes are indicative of holding the class of Grand Cross or Grand Cordon in an Order of Chivalry or Order of Merit. The sash is usually worn from the right shoulder to the left hip. A few orders do the contrary, according to their traditional statute.

Orders with the sash worn on the left shoulder [link]

Europe :

Asia :

Classified exemples of current orders' sash [link]

Colours classified in
the order of the rainbow :
White Red Orange Yellow Green Blue Indigo Violet Black
                                            
WHITE
DNK Order of Danebrog Knight BAR.png (Denmark)
Order of the Dannebrog
LTU Order of Vytautas the Great - Knight's Cross BAR.png (Lithuania)
Order of Vytautas the Great
Order of Isabella the Catholic - Sash of Collar.svg / Ord.Isabelcatolic.CAV.png
Order of Isabella the Catholic
(Spain)
PRT Order of Freedom - Knight BAR.png (Portugal)
Order of Liberty
.
RED
Order of the Golden Fleece Rib.gif (Spain)
Order of the Golden Fleece
PRT Order of Christ - Knight BAR.png (Portugal)
Order of Christ (Portugal)
Legion Honneur Chevalier ribbon.svg (France)
Order of the Legion of Honour
. .
AUT Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria - Bronze Medal BAR.png (Austria)
Decoration of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria
MCO Order of Saint-Charles - Knight BAR.png (Monaco)
Order of Saint-Charles
ARG Order of May - Knight BAR.png (Argentina)
Order of May
Order of the White Lion.svg (Czech Republic)
Order of the White Lion
Ord.St.Olav.jpg (Norway)
Order of St. Olav
GER Bundesverdienstkreuz 2 BVK.svg (Germany)
Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Order Chrysantemum Sash.svg (Japan)
Order of the Chrysanthemum
CHL Order of Bernardo O'Higgins - Knight BAR.png (Liechtenstein)
Order of Merit of the Principality of Liechtenstein
Star of Romania Ribbon.PNG (Romania)
Order of the Star of Romania
.
OTHER SHADES OF RED : CRIMSON / PINK
Order of the Bath UK ribbon.png (United Kingdom)
Order of the Bath
BEL Kroonorde Ridder BAR.svg (Belgium)
Order of the Crown
EST Order of the White Star - 5th Class BAR.png (Estonia)
Order of the White Star
Order of the Most Holy Annunciation BAR.svg (Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946))
Order of the Most Holy Annunciation
Order of Chula Chom Klao - Special Class (Thailand) ribbon.png (Thailand)
Order of Chula Chom Klao
ORANGE
LTU Order of the Lithuanian Grand Duke Gediminas - Knight's Cross BAR.png (Lithuania)
Order of the Lithuanian Grand Duke Gediminas
Neth odrorangenassau rib.png (Netherlands)
Order of Orange-Nassau
Order of the Crown (Netherlands).svg (Netherlands)
Order of the Crown
. .
YELLOW / GOLD / YELLOW-ORANGE
MEX Order of the Aztec Eagle 5Class BAR.png (Mexico)
Order of the Aztec Eagle
Order of the Royal House of Chakri (Thailand) ribbon.png (Thailand)
Order of the Royal House of Chakri
. . .
JPN Hokan-sho blank BAR.svg (Japan)
Order of the Precious Crown
MLI National Order - Knight BAR.png (Mali)
National Order of Mali
. . .
Ord.Lion.Nassau.jpg (Luxembourg-Netherlands)
Order of the Gold Lion of the House of Nassau
GRE Order of Beneficence - Silver Cross BAR.png (Greece)
Order of Beneficence (Greece)
Order of the Rajamitrabhorn (Thailand) ribbon.png (Thailand)
Order of the Rajamitrabhorn
Orde van de Kroon van het Rijk.jpg (Malaysia)
Order of the Crown of the Realm
.
GREEN
Order of the Thistle UK ribbon.png (United Kingdom)
Order of the Thistle
PRT Military Order of Aviz - Knight BAR.png (Portugal)
Order of Aviz
BOL Order of Condor of the Andes - Knight BAR.png (Bolivia)
Order of the Condor of the Andes
Cavaliere SSML BAR.svg (Italy)
Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus
.
ITA OMRI 2001 Cav BAR.svg (Italy)
Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
HUN Order of Merit of the Hungarian Rep (civil) 5class BAR.svg (Hungary)
Order of Merit of the Republic of Hungary
Order of the Star of Jordan ribbon bar.png (Jordan)
Order of the Star of Jordan
. .
BLUE
NOR Royal Norwegian Order of Merit - Knight 2nd Class BAR.png (Norway)
Royal Norwegian Order of Merit
Order of the White Rose Ribbon.PNG (Finland)
Order of the White Rose of Finland
EST Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana - 5th Class BAR.png (Estonia)
Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana
80px (Portugal)
Order of the Tower and Sword
POL Order Zaslugi RP kl5 BAR.png (Poland)
Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland
80px (France)
Ordre national du Mérite
CHL Order of Merit of Chile - Knight BAR.png (Chile)
Order of the Merit of Chile
Order of the Garter UK ribbon.png (United Kingdom)
Order of the Garter
Ordre du Saint-Esprit Chevalier ribbon.svg (France)
Order of the Holy Spirit
POL Order Orła Białego BAR.svg (Poland)
Order of the White Eagle (Poland)
Order of the Seraphim - Ribbon bar.svg (Sweden)
Royal Order of the Seraphim
DEN Elefantordenen BAR.png (Denmark)
Order of the Elephant
Order of the Southern Cross Knight (Brazil) Ribbon.png (Brazil)
Order of the Southern Cross
. .
BRA Medalha do Merito de Rio Branco BAR.svg (Brazil)
Order of Rio Branco
Ch Argent Ru.gif (Greece)
Order of the Redeemer
ARG Order of the Liberator San Martin - Knight BAR.png (Argentina)
Order of the Liberator General San Martín
Order of Civil Merit (Spain) - Sash of Grand Collar.svg / Spanish Orden del Merito Civil Ribbon.png
Order of Civil Merit (Spain)
Order of Charles III - Sash of Collar.svg / Band to Order of Charles III.png
Order of Charles III (Spain)
Band to Order of Charles III.png (Romania)
Order of Faithful Service
BEL Order of the African Star - Knight BAR.png (Belgium-Congo Free State)
Order of the African Star
ISL Icelandic Order of the Falcon - Knight BAR.png (Iceland)
Order of the Falcon
UK Royal Victorian Order ribbon.svg (United Kingdom)
Royal Victorian Order
Orde van de Verdediger van het Koninkrijk.jpg (Malaysia)
Order of the Defender of the Realm
Orde van de Kroon van Maleisie.jpg / Order of the Crown of Malaysia - PSM.svg
Order of the Crown of Malaysia
(Malaysia)
UK Order St-Michael St-George ribbon.svg (United Kingdom)
Order of St Michael and St George
UK Order St-Michael St-George ribbon.svg (Slovakia)
Order of the White Double Cross
. .
LUX Order of Adolphe of Nassau ribbon bar.svg (Luxembourg)
Order of Adolphe of Nassau
Order of Honour Silver Cross ribbon.png (Greece)
Order of Honour
Ord.Neth.Lion.jpg (Netherlands)
Order of the Netherlands Lion
LVA Order of the Three Stars - Knight BAR.png (Latvia)
Order of the Three Stars
Ukraine-republic007.png (Ukraine)
Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise
SWE Order of the Polar Star (after 1975) - Knight 2nd Class BAR.png (Sweden))
Order of the Polar Star
BEL Order of Leopold II - Knight BAR.png (Belgium)
Order of Leopold II
. . .
VIOLET - PURPLE
PRT Order of Saint James of the Sword - Knight BAR.png (Portugal)
Order of Saint James of the Sword
Chevalier Ordre de Leopold.png (Belgium)
Order of Leopold (Belgium)
PER Order of the Sun of Peru - Knight BAR.png (Peru)
Order of the Sun (Peru)
PAN Order of Vasco Nunez de Balboa - Knight BAR.png (Panama)
Order of Vasco Núñez de Balboa
BEL Royal Order of the Lion - Knight BAR.png (Belgium-Congo Free State)
Royal Order of the Lion
BLACK
Equestrian order of the Holy Sepulcher of Jerusalem BAR.svg (Holy See)
Order of the Holy Sepulchre
SMOM-gc.svg (Sovereign Military Order of Malta)
Sovereign Military Order of Malta
POR Ordem do Merito Medalha BAR.svg (Portugal)
Order of Merit (Portugal)
. .
TRICOLOR / MORE COMPLEX
PRT Order of Prince Henry - Knight BAR.png (Portugal)
Order of Prince Henry
. . . .
Ribbon of an order of king Tomislav.png (Croatia)
Grand Order of King Tomislav
Ribbon of a Grand Order of Queen Jelena.png (Croatia)
Grand Order of Queen Jelena
Ukraine-republic050.png (Ukraine)
Order of Liberty (Ukraine)
. .

See also [link]

References [link]

  1. ^ Craig, 1849, p. 620
  2. ^ Metcalf, 1999, p. 123.
  3. ^ Andre Jouineau, pages 45-63, "The French Army in 1914", ISBN978-2-35250
  4. ^ Fredrick Todd Col USAR Cadet Gray page 40
  5. ^ West Point Band
  6. ^ John Gaylor, "Sons of John Company - the Indian and Pakistan Armies", ISBN 0-946771-98-7
  7. ^ Rinaldo D'Ami, "World Uniforms in Colour - the European Nations", ISBN 85059-031-0
  8. ^ José Bueno, Ejército Español, Uniformes Contemporáneos",ISBN 84-7140-186-X
  9. ^ Ritta Nakanishi, "Japanese Military Uniforms 1930-1945, 1991 Dai Nippon Kaiga
  10. ^ Photo, King Albert II of Belgium, Queen Sofia of Spain and Queen Paola of Belgium wearing the order
  11. ^ Royal Swedish Family during a State visit in Iceland
  12. ^ "Noblesse et Royautés" blog, Victoria of Sweden's wedding, June 2010, Prince Alexander wearing it on left shoulder
  13. ^ Photo of Princess Anne wearing the Thistle at King Harald V's 70th birthday in 02/2007
  14. ^ "Noblesse et Royautés", article showing photos of guests invited to Prince William's wedding. A photo shows the king wearing it on the left shoulder
  15. ^ Photo on a royal news forum showing the King and Queen of Sweden wearing it on left shoulder
  16. ^ South Korea's honour System, click on "Methods of Wear"
  17. ^ Royal Cabinet Website
  18. ^ Royal Cabinet Website
  19. ^ State visit of Sweden in Thailand, 2003, Gala dinner
  20. ^ Royal Cabinet Website
  21. ^ Royal Cabinet Website

Bibliography [link]

  • Craig, John (1849), A new universal etymological technological, and pronouncing dictionary of the English language, p. 620 

https://wn.com/Sash

Sash!

SASH! is a German DJ/production team, fronted by Sascha Lappessen (born 28 November 1968) who works in the recording studio with Ralf Kappmeier and Thomas "Alisson" Lüdke. They have sold over 22 million albums worldwide and earned more than 65 Gold and Platinum awards. In the UK, their first four hit singles incorporated vocals in different languages (French, Spanish, English and Italian).

Musical career

1995-1997: Formation and It's My Life – The Album

Sascha Lappessen, Thomas "Alisson" Lüdke, and Ralf Kappmeier created SASH! in 1995. The previous year, the three had worked together, under the name of Careca, to produce a piece called "Indian Rave." In 1996, SASH! released "It's My Life", which became a European club hit. In 1997, with Sabine Ohmes as the singer, SASH! released "Encore Une Fois". It reached number 2 in the UK Singles Chart, as well as reaching the top 10 of five countries' singles charts and the top 20 of seven countries' singles charts.

In the same year, SASH! produced "Ecuador", and "Stay", which both also reached #2 in the UK Singles Chart. In 1998, SASH! released the first single from his second album, "La Primavera", which reached #3 in the UK, "Mysterious Times", which reached #2, and "Move Mania", which reached #8. The following year, "Colour the World" reached #15.

Sash window

A sash window or hung sash window is made of one or more movable panels, or "sashes", that form a frame to hold panes of glass, which are often separated from other panes (or "lights") by glazing bars, also known as muntins in the US (moulded strips of wood). Although any window with this style of glazing is technically a sash, the term is used almost exclusively to refer to windows where the glazed panels are opened by sliding vertically, or horizontally in a style known as a "Yorkshire light", sliding sash, or sash and case (so called because the weights are concealed in a box case). The oldest surviving examples of sash windows were installed in England in the 1670s, for example at Ham House. The invention of the sash window is sometimes credited, without conclusive evidence, to Robert Hooke. Others see the sash window as a Dutch invention.

The sash window is often found in Georgian and Victorian houses, and the classic arrangement has three panes across by two up on each of two sash, giving a six over six panel window, although this is by no means a fixed rule. Innumerable late Victorian and Edwardian suburban houses were built in England using standard sash window units approximately 4 feet (1.2 m) in width, but older, hand-made units could be of any size, as the image illustrates.

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