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Fire!! was an African American literary magazine published in 1926 during the Harlem Renaissance. The publication was started by Wallace Thurman, Zora Neale Hurston, Aaron Douglas, John P. Davis, Richard Bruce Nugent, Gwendolyn Bennett, Lewis Grandison Alexander, Countee Cullen, and Langston Hughes.
History [link]
Fire!! was conceived with the notion of expressing the Black experience during the Harlem Renaissance in a modern and realistic fashion, using literature as a vehicle of enlightenment. The authors of this magazine wanted an arena to express the changing attitudes of younger African Americans and used Fire!! to facilitate the exploration of issues in the Black community that were not in the forefront of mainstream African American society such as homosexuality, bisexuality, interracial relationships, promiscuity, prostitution, and color prejudice within the Black community itself.[1]
The publication was so named, according to Langston Hughes, "to burn up a lot of the old, dead conventional Negro-white ideas of the past ... into a realization of the existence of the younger Negro writers and artists, and provide us with an outlet for publication not available in the limited pages of the small Negro magazines then existing.".[2]
Ironically, the magazine's headquarters burned to the ground shortly after releasing its first issue.[3]
Public criticism [link]
Fire!! was plagued by debt and encountered poor sales. It was not well received by the Black public because some felt that the journal did not exemplify the sophisticated self-image that Blacks of that era were trying to portray. The magazine was found offensive for many reasons and it was denounced by Black leaders such as the Talented Tenth, "who viewed the effort as decadent and vulgar".[4]
These groups felt that the content relating to prostitution and homosexuality was degrading. They thought it was a throw-back to old stereotypes in that it contained slang and language in the southern vernacular. They also felt its contents were undignified and reflected poorly on the Black race.
The magazine received many poor critical reviews. For example, the critic at the Baltimore Afro-American wrote that he "just tossed the first issue of Fire!! into the fire".[5] Fire!! did receive a positive review from The Bookman, which applauded the uniqueness and personality shown in the artistic content of the journal.,[6]
Features [link]
The magazine covered a variety of literary genres, and consists of a short novel, an essay, stories, plays, drawings and illustrations, and poetry:[7]
|
TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|---|
| Cover Designs.................................................................................................Aaron Douglas |
| Foreword |
| Drawing...........................................................................................................Richard Bruce |
| Cordelia The Crude, A Harlem Sketch................................................................Wallace Thurman |
| Color Struck, A Play in Four Scenes..................................................................Zora Neale Hurston |
| Flame From The Dark Tower.............................................................................A Section of Poetry |
| Drawing..........................................................................................................Richard Bruce |
| Wedding Day, A Story.....................................................................................Gwendolyn Bennett |
| Three Drawings...............................................................................................Aaron Douglas |
| Smoke, Lilies And Jade, A Novel, Part I...........................................................Richard Bruce |
| Sweat, A Story................................................................................................Zora Neale Hurston |
| Intelligentsia, An Essay...................................................................................Arthur Huff Fauset |
| Fire Burns, Editorial Comment..........................................................................Wallace Thurman |
| Incidental Art Decorations................................................................................Aaron Douglas |
[edit] Fire!! in the media
The story of the rise and fall of Fire!! is showcased in the 2004 movie Brother to Brother,[8] which focuses on the life of a young gay African American college student named Perry Williams. Perry befriends an elderly gay African American named Bruce Nugent. Perry learns that Bruce Nugent was a writer and co-founder of Fire!!, and that he was associated with other notable writers and artists of the Harlem Renaissance.
Literary contribution [link]
The only issue of Fire!! was published in 1926. Although this magazine had only one issue, “this single issue of Fire!! is considered an event of historical importance."[9]
References [link]
- ^ Johnson, A.& Johnson, R.(1979).Propaganda and aesthetics: The literary politics of Afro-American magazines in the twentieth century (pp. 80-81). Amherst: The University of Massachusetts Press.
- ^ Samuels, W.(2000).From the wild, wild west to Harlem's literary salons. Black Issues Book Review, 2(5), 14. Retrieved July 10, 2008, from Academic Search Elite database.
- ^ Hutchinson, George, dir. (2007) The Cambridge Companion to the Harlem Renaissance. New York: Cambridge University Press.
- ^ Drop me off in Harlem. Retrieved July 10, 2008, from https://artsedge.kennedy-center.org/exploring/harlem/faces/thurman_text.html
- ^ Harris, E. (1999). Renaissance men. Advocate. Retrieved July 11, 2008, from MasterFILE Premier database.
- ^ The Bookman: A Review of Books and Life.(September, 1926-February, 1927).(November 1926).Vol LXIV, (pp 258-259).George H. Doran Company Publishers.
- ^ Negro Periodicals in the United States: Series II 1826-1950.(1970).Fire!!: Devoted to Younger Negro Artists.Westport, CT: Negro Universities Press.
- ^ Brother to Brother. Retrieved July 10, 2008, from https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0306597/
- ^ Reuben,P. "Chapter 9: Wallace Thurman " PAL: Perspectives in American Literature: A research and reference guide.Retrieved July 10, 2008, from https://www.csustan.edu/english/reuben/pal/chap9/thurman.html
External links [link]
https://wn.com/Fire!!
Fire (disambiguation)
Fire is the rapid oxidation of a material in the chemical process of combustion.
Fire may also refer to:
Music
Groups
Albums
Songs
Fire (musical)
Fire is a 1985 Dora Award winning musical by Paul Ledoux and David Young. The musical is based loosely on the story of Jerry Lee Lewis and his cousin Jimmy Swaggart and the divergent paths their lives took.
The musical follows the lives of the character "Cale Blackwell", based on real-life story of Jerry Lee Lewis and his brother "Herchel Blackwell" which is based on Lewis' real-life cousin Jimmy Swaggart. Herchel follows in the footsteps of his father, the reverend Blackwell's, as a preacher. Herchel's father is proud of him but does not approve of his son's use of the radio and then television while pioneering televangelism. The Reverend JD Blackwell is almost immediately disappointed with Cale who quickly finds fame as a Boogie-Woogie star and wallows in an accompanying life of rebellion against society and his own upbringing. Both brothers fall in love with their mutual childhood sweetheart "Molly King".
Ultimately neither brother can claim to have led a moral life, and both had succumbed to their own flaws.
Unseen (album)
Unseen is the seventh studio album by Swedish melodic death metal band The Haunted.
Vocalist Peter Dolving has described the album as "Epic. Danceable. Groovy. And very very arty farty metal. With this next record we are going to be taking a piss in the general direction of all the crappy 99.9 percent of generic contemporary Mr. Goatse jerks out there".
The album cover and tracklist were revealed on January 28, 2011. The cover was done by Frode Sylthe, a friend of the band, who also did the cover to their 2004 album Revolver. The band has said that they "really like his design aesthetic, and he seems to come up with something unique every single time".
Background
The writing process for the album began in August 2009, a year after the release of Versus, and forty songs were written for the album prior to April 21, 2010 according to vocalist Peter Dolving. The album title was revealed by Dolving on December 30, 2010, at which time the album was finished except for some minor details. It was revealed that the title track "Unseen" was co-written by David Johansson of Coldtears.
Handwriting
Handwriting refers to a person's writing created with a writing utensil such as a pen or pencil. The term encompasses both printing and cursive styles and is separate from formal calligraphy or typeface. It is, in essence, a visible form of a person's voice, including pitch and tone.
Because each person's handwriting is unique, it can be used toThe deterioration of a person's handwriting is also a symptom or result of certain diseases.
Uniqueness of handwriting
Each person has their own unique style of handwriting, whether it is everyday handwriting or their personal signature. Even identical twins who share appearance and genetics don't have the same handwriting. A person's handwriting is like that person's fingerprints: people might be able to copy it, but never write it in an identical way. The place where one grows up and the first language one learns melt together with the different distribution of force and ways of shaping words to create a unique style of handwriting for each person.
Characteristics of handwriting include:
List of poker hands
In poker, players construct hands of playing cards according to predetermined rules, which vary according to which variant of poker is being played. These hands are compared using a hand ranking system that is standard across all variants of poker. The player with the highest-ranking hand wins that particular deal in most poker games. In some variants, the lowest-ranking hand can win or tie.
These hand rankings are also used in some other card games and in poker dice. The ranking of a particular hand is increased by including multiple cards of the same card rank, by all five cards being from the same suit, or by the five cards forming a consecutive series. The relative ranking of the various hand categories is based on the probability of being randomly dealt such a hand from a well-shuffled deck.
General rules
The following rules apply to the ranking of all poker hands unless specifically changed by game variant rules or house rules.
Civilizations in Babylon 5
This article discusses fictional civilizations on the science-fiction television show Babylon 5.
As the Babylon station was conceived as a political and cultural meeting place one of the show's many themes is the cultural and social interaction between civilizations. There are five dominant civilizations represented on Babylon 5: humans, the Narn, the Centauri, the Minbari, and the Vorlons; and several dozen less powerful ones. A number of the less powerful races make up the League of Non-Aligned Worlds, which assembled as a result of the Dilgar War, which occurs 30 years before the start of the series.
Languages
There are three primary languages used on the Babylon 5 station: English, as well as the fictional Centauri and Interlac. English is mentioned explicitly as the "human language of commerce," and is the baseline language of the station (written signs appearing in all three languages). Other human and alien languages do exist in the Babylon 5 universe, though with the exception of Minbari, hearing them spoken is uncommon; when aliens of the same species are speaking to one another, the words heard are English, though it is presumed they are speaking their native tongue. Only when in the presence of humans can the alien language be heard, to stress that the humans cannot understand what is being said. With the exception of the Minbari tongue, few other alien languages are actually heard aloud on a regular basis.
Podcasts:
-
by Hyperborea
Unseen Hand
by: HyperboreaAggression and no mercy
Swollen and discursive
Life is denied at all
You are searching it sole
Everything is dying
Light's been fainting out
Unseen hand's crucifying
All we can't without
Painful - this is painful and with no sense
Mutilated earth burns under our feet
Destitution and disorder are the monstrous kids
Of the new time and the engulfed people's dreams
I hear silent voices -
Deafened, sunk and quelled
Crying for their lost souls
But still remaining sold
I see a world of latches
I see a world of walls -
Kingdom of bereavement
Home of prowling ghosts
Isolation and total obscurity
Fall upon us all
Soulless men lead the world to the doom
If you answer the deadly embace
Which is to ruin the world