Unix
Unix (trademarked as UNIX) is a family of multitasking, multiuser computer operating systems that derive from the original AT&T Unix, developed in the 1970s at the Bell Labs research center by Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, and others.
Initially intended for use inside the Bell System, AT&T licensed Unix to outside parties from the late 1970s, leading to a variety of both academic and commercial variants of Unix from vendors such as the University of California, Berkeley (BSD), Microsoft (Xenix), IBM (AIX) and Sun Microsystems (Solaris). AT&T finally sold its rights in Unix to Novell in the early 1990s, which then sold its Unix business to the Santa Cruz Operation (SCO) in 1995, but the UNIX trademark passed to the industry standards consortium The Open Group, which allows the use of the mark for certified operating systems compliant with the Single UNIX Specification (SUS). Among these is Apple's OS X, which is the Unix version with the largest installed base as of 2014.
From the power user's or programmer's perspective, Unix systems are characterized by a modular design that is sometimes called the "Unix philosophy", meaning that the operating system provides a set of simple tools that each perform a limited, well-defined function, with a unified filesystem as the main means of communication and a shell scripting and command language to combine the tools to perform complex workflows. Aside from the modular design, Unix also distinguishes itself from its predecessors as the first portable operating system: almost the entire operating system is written in the C programming language that allowed Unix to reach numerous platforms.
Single UNIX Specification
The Single UNIX Specification (SUS) is the collective name of a family of standards for computer operating systems, compliance with which is required to qualify for to use the "UNIX" trademark. The core specifications of the SUS are developed and maintained by the Austin Group, which is a joint working group of IEEE, ISO JTC 1 SC22 and The Open Group. If an operating system is submitted to The Open Group for certification, and passes conformance tests, then it is termed to be compliant with a UNIX standard such as UNIX 98 or UNIX 03.
Very few BSD and Linux-based operating systems are submitted for compliance with the Single UNIX Specification, although system developers generally aim for compliance with POSIX standards, which form the core of the Single UNIX Specification.
History
1980s: Motivation
The SUS emerged from a mid-1980s project to standardize operating system interfaces for software designed for variants of the Unix operating system. The need for standardization arose because enterprises using computers wanted to be able to develop programs that could be used on the computer systems of different manufacturers without reimplementing the programs. Unix was selected as the basis for a standard system interface partly because it was manufacturer-neutral.
Year 2038 problem
The Year 2038 problem is an issue for computing and data storage situations in which time values are stored or calculated as a signed 32-bit integer, and this number is interpreted as the number of seconds since 00:00:00 UTC on 1 January 1970 ("the epoch"). Such implementations cannot encode times after 03:14:07 UTC on 19 January 2038 (21 years' time), a problem similar to but not entirely analogous to the "Y2K problem" (also known as the "Millennium Bug"), in which 2-digit values representing the number of years since 1900 could not encode the year 2000 or later. Most 32-bit Unix-like systems store and manipulate time in this "Unix time" format, so the year 2038 problem is sometimes referred to as the "Unix Millennium Bug" by association.
Technical cause
The latest time that can be represented in Unix's signed 32-bit integer time format is 03:14:07 UTC on Tuesday, 19 January 2038 (2,147,483,647 seconds after 1 January 1970). Times beyond that will "wrap around" and be stored internally as a negative number, which these systems will interpret as having occurred on 13 December 1901 rather than 19 January 2038. This is caused by integer overflow. The counter "runs out" of usable bits, "increments" the sign bit instead, and reports a maximally negative number (continuing to count up, toward zero). Resulting erroneous calculations on such systems are likely to cause problems for users and other relying parties.
Podcasts:
Unix
ALBUMS
- TranzWorld All Stars V.3 released: 2003
- Techno Top 100, Volume 3 released: 2003
- Pharmacy 001: Harder, Darker, Dirtier released: 2003
- Blast the Speakers released: 2002
- DJ Networx, Volume 14 released: 2002
- Shockers released: 2002
- Tranceescape 6 released: 2002
- Tunnel Trance Force, Volume 20 released: 2002
- Bass Station: Global Movement released: 2002
- Louie DeVito's Trance Sessions released: 2002
- Digital Domain released: 2002
- Ravermeister, Volume 13 released: 2001
- Live at Goliath, Part 8: Judgement Day released: 2001
- DJ Networx, Volume 8 released: 2001
- Tranceescape 3 (Mixed By DJ Pure) released: 2000
- Cyberdog released: 2000
- Technodrome, Volume 4 released: 2000
- Peace and Love released:
Techno Top 100, Volume 3
Released 2003- Always and Forever
- Genie
- The Fall
- Dreams in My Fantasy
- Velvet Dreams
- Make It Loud
- Plasma Fire
- Hi Tonight
- Time to Fly
- Party Time
- Hau Riem
- Get Up
- Lonely Raver
- Wild Side
- Brazil
- Some Bass
- Going To
- Hop'n'Pop
- Is This Hard Enough
- Bigger and Tougher
- Those DJ's
- Love Jam
- Let the Beat Control Your Body
- Progressive
- Nightmare
- Bretthaus
- Polish Drums
- Porn Nation
- I Feel Da Rhythm
- Reality (In My Brain)
- Electronic
- Ready to Block
- Under Pressure
- Overdrive
- Killa Bazz
- A New World
- Voices
- Devotion
- Liberation Day
- Oneness With the Universe
- This Way
- The End Of
- Surfers Paradise
- Back Home
- Iron Butterfly
- Go Burn a Fatty Ass
- Enjoy Music Control
- Black Hawk
- Der Nunte Schuss
- Fireworks
Pharmacy 001: Harder, Darker, Dirtier
Released 2003- Pharmacy Intro
- Sphera (Dreller mix)
- Intruder (original mix)
- Pathfinder
- Eres Una Puta (original mix)
- Voyager
- Concious (original mix)
- Ira (original mix)
- Blood Angels (original mix) (feat. Kitbuilders)
- Pornoground (Eiven Major's Piledriver mixxx)
- Joydontstop (Freaky mix)
- Godd (original mix)
- Ready to Block (First Cut)
- Loving You 2002 (DJ Isaac short cut mix)
- Acid Headcracker (303 Inferno mix)
- Adios (Adios mix)
DJ Networx, Volume 14
Released 2002- Loud & Proud (DJ Isaac remix)
- Nightlife
- The Truth (DJ Isaac remix)
- All Over (Gollum meets Yanny remix)
- Punk (Cosmic Gate remix)
- Together (4 Clubbers club mix)
- Hamburg Rulez (club mix)
- Die Ankunft (Schwarze Puppen remix)
- Ignition (S.H.O.K.K. remix)
- Dance (Networx mix)
- Bang the Box (Arne L II + Mirko Milano mix)
- Cocaine (Bush remix)
- Raise Your Hands Up (club remix)
- Never Die
- Magic White Snowball (hard)
- Licht & Schall
- This Is Your Fantasy (club mix)
- Jet Lag (Dave 202 & Phil Green mix)
- Jetlag
- Place to Be (club mix)
Tranceescape 6
Released 2002- Complicated (Hammer mix)
- Jack to the Sound (club mix)
- Infinity in Your Hands (Second club mix)
- Let's Take Break (main mix)
- The Real Penetrator (extended Sub mix)
- The Spirit of God (club mix)
- Expander (Flutlicht vocal mix)
- The H (original)
- Like Dream (Andy Jay Powell mix)
- Electric (Zone-X club mix)
- The First Rebirth (remix)
- Release
- Heat (A Journey Technoland mix)
- You're Lying
- Certainly (Darren Christian 1 Am mix)
- Cosmic Wave
- Ruff Stuff
- Waveform (original mix)
- We Came in Peace (Kenny Takito remix)
- Into Other Worlds (original)
Tunnel Trance Force, Volume 20
Released 2002- Balla Nation (Episode II)
- Listen to Me Mama (DJ Scot Project mix)
- Wild Pleasure (club mix)
- Endless Horny (Ohne Enge Geil) (Überdruck mix)
- Abuse (Schwarzende mix)
- Cosmic Fusion (full vox edit)
- Living on the Edge
- Give Me Some More (Tom-X vs. Steve Cypress club mix)
- Happiness (club mix)
- T-Storms (Tornado mix)
- I Need You Love (Paul Hutsch mix)
- X-Perience
- E.A.S.E.
- Double Speeded (DJs @ Work mix)
- This Is My Sound (Wavescope remix)
- Brainbow
- Bass Poison (DJ Rayden's NL club mix)
- Breath of Imagination
- Like an Ocean
Bass Station: Global Movement
Released 2002- Drugface (Überdruck remix)
- Cuntmaster (The Crow remix)
- Now or Never (The Crow remix)
- Turntable Junky (Überdruck remix)
- The Speed (Überdruck remix)
- Higher Level (Überdruck remix)
- Fear the Drill (The Crow remix)
- Bloody Slut (The Crow remix)
- Syncronized (Überdruck remix)
- Circle of Darkness (The Crow remix)
- Fat as Fuck (Überdruck remix)
- Mysterious Place (Überdruck remix)
- Bass Core (Mass in Orbit remix)
- I Know Ur Waiting (Überdruck remix)
- Hallucination Generation (Überdruck remix)
- Sirens of Time (Überdruck remix)
Digital Domain
Released 2002- Echoes (Michael Fusseder remix)
- The Realm (DJ Spoke remix)
- Incoming (Arome remix)
- R.E.M. (original mix)
- Hardcore (club mix)
- Hardcore Motherfucker (Plug'n'play mix)
- Did You Hear Me? (club mix)
- Mo.La.Mi (Shock With Power mix)
- Too Many Times (Yoda remix)
- Hot Time (Mytho mix)
- Free Your Feelings (original mix)
- I Like It (O.S Project Relike!)
- Lifestyle (Part II) (Megara vs. DJ Lee remix)
- Time to Bob (club mix)
- Paranoid (DJ Scot Project remix)
Ravermeister, Volume 13
Released 2001- Climax (original mix)
- Dream Off Remixes (feat. Goldenguy) (Pulsedriver remix)
- Akasha (feat. DJ Alex) (remix)
- Message No.5
- The Band (Way Out West remix)
- Da Future (Jürgen Dee vs. Axel S. remix)
- Nightwalker
- Belfagor (Energy 2000 Theme) (Tankis vs. DJ Savietto mix)
- Agrimonyzer (Agrimonyzer mix)
- Far From Over (original mix)
- Waiting for the Sun (Heliotropic mix)
Live at Goliath, Part 8: Judgement Day
Released 2001- Something Wonderful
- Control
- Club Attack (Junk Project remix)
- Nova (4 Strings remix)
- Moving On (DJ Astrid mix)
- U Got It (club mix)
- Mindblowing Speed (club mix)
- The Darkness (Yakooza remix)
- Oval Sun (Amaris remix)
- Murdersound
- The Move
- Energy Fly (DJ Tatana dub)
- Judgement Day (Mirko Milano remix)
- Stairway to Heaven (Komakino remix)
- Release Me (Svenson & Gilen remix)
DJ Networx, Volume 8
Released 2001- Monstersound (Cosmic Gate mix)
- Lovemachine (Gosmic Gate remix)
- Free (club mix)
- Reality (club mix)
- Smile (Future Breeze club mix)
- The Combat
- The Touch (Steve Baltes remix)
- Sensoria (Gary D. & Dr. Z. mix)
- Tears May Fall (De Vargas mix)
- Clubbin' on Sunshine (DJ Mellow D. & Pulsedriver remix)
- Proximus (Medley With Adiemus) (Megavoices Clasixx mix)
- Hymn (Airscape remix)
- Can You Feel It
- Heaven Sphere (vocal mix)
- Target (BCM Project mix)
- Seduction 2000
- Century (Trance mix)
- Seductions
- Freedom (instrumental mix)
- Insight
Tranceescape 3 (Mixed By DJ Pure)
Released 2000- No Alternative
- Athmosphere (Arne L Ii mix)
- Freedom (Green Court remix)
- Cocaine (Flash remix)
- Nitro
- Second Trip (Scott Project remix)
- String of Live (Planet Trax mix)
- Let There Be Light (Shadow mix)
- Shake the Cut
- Another Day (Ray Clark remix)
- The Cow (Baby Doc remix)
- The Power Trancebase (club mix)
- Der Klang Der Familie (Corvin Dalek remix)
- Ubik (The dance original mix)
- Spirit of Virtuality
- Back 2 the Elements
- Target (Bcm Project remix)
- Tenshi
- Tranceescape (Afterhours mix)
Cyberdog
Released 2000- Overdrive Your Speakers (Alpha cut mix)
- Ctrl_k (Shitting Yellow mix)
- Little Girl
- Non-Exist
- See No Evil (Lab 4 remix)
- The World Is Listening
- Bad Boy (Razor Babes mix)
- Tune in, Turn Out (DJ Ziad mix)
- Changing the Haight
- Spiral Time
- Music Is Moving (Bk & Dbm Amber mix)
- Rock the House
- Real Good (Zen Terrorists mix)
Technodrome, Volume 4
Released 2000- Bla Bla Bla (remix)
- Reactivate (Trasp 1)
- Sturm Und Drang (Pleasure mix)
- Sector 20 (Sector mix)
- Arabian Pleasure
- Science Fiction
- First Step
- Acid Head Cracker (Auf Die Nuß mix)
- Intro Another
- Got to Have It
- Pitchin (Starfighter remix)
- Apache (Orginal mix)
- Keep It That Way (Orginal mix)
- Adelante (Cosmic Gate remix)
- I Feel Love (R.A.F. by Picotto mix)
- Airwave (Rank 1 vs. Dutch Force mix)
- Universal Nation (Ferry Corsten remix)
- 2000 (DJ Jamx & Du Monde's Millienium mix)
- Ready to Flow (DJ Mellow-D mix)
- Das Boot 2001 (DJ Mellow-D remix)
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Take That
by: OnyxSeem like the only thoughts would be negative
But shit, I'd never give, I need a sedative
I'mma forever live, the one and only, murderer
Defeat, I never heard of that
Push ya head, throw the back, gettin' that, word to gat
The most coatable, a number two of niggas
When there's a show to do
You know the true, Official Nast niggas
I blow a hole in you
I'm selli'n tracks not cracks, you buyin' or what?
'Cuz I be in your crib right now, tyin' you up
Corams jack ya house, put the gat to your spouse mouth
And clean the place, kill the kids, do they see my face?
It's the cream I taste, he thinkin' my way, be the race
We the mischief who raise the most hell
Onyx in the Bible, Genesis 2, verse 12 and that's the life, that I lead
Niggas walk around town like they can't bleed
So take that, where your heart is at
So take that, yeah, what
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