Universe

The Universe is all of time and space and its contents. The Universe includes planets, stars, galaxies, the contents of intergalactic space, the smallest subatomic particles, and all matter and energy. The observable universe is about 28 billion parsecs (91 billion light-years) in diameter at the present time. The size of the whole Universe is not known and may be either finite or infinite. Observations and the development of physical theories have led to inferences about the composition and evolution of the Universe.

Universes (album)

Universes is the second album from Birds of Tokyo, independently released on 5 July 2008, through MGM Distribution. The album was recorded at Loop Studios in West Perth, Wing Command in Perth, Western Australia and in "a big beautiful wooden house by the sea" at Injidup (Yallingup, Western Australia).

Mixing for the album took place in North Hollywood, California by Tim Palmer at Ameraycan Studios. During this mixing process the band filmed the music videos for "Broken Bones" and "Silhouettic" in Lancaster, California. These two music videos join together to form one complete story. However, the video for "Silhouettic", which features the second part of the story, was released first on the band's official website and their official Myspace page.

The debut single from the album, "Silhouettic", was released as a free download from the band's official website on 14 April 2008.

The album was nominated for a J Award in August 2008.

The third single off the album, "Wild Eyed Boy", received significant airplay and was shown on Channel V.

Universe (mathematics)

In mathematics, and particularly in set theory and the foundations of mathematics, a universe is a class that contains (as elements) all the entities one wishes to consider in a given situation. There are several versions of this general idea, described in the following sections.

In a specific context

Perhaps the simplest version is that any set can be a universe, so long as the object of study is confined to that particular set. If the object of study is formed by the real numbers, then the real line R, which is the real number set, could be the universe under consideration. Implicitly, this is the universe that Georg Cantor was using when he first developed modern naive set theory and cardinality in the 1870s and 1880s in applications to real analysis. The only sets that Cantor was originally interested in were subsets of R.

This concept of a universe is reflected in the use of Venn diagrams. In a Venn diagram, the action traditionally takes place inside a large rectangle that represents the universe U. One generally says that sets are represented by circles; but these sets can only be subsets of U. The complement of a set A is then given by that portion of the rectangle outside of A's circle. Strictly speaking, this is the relative complement U \ A of A relative to U; but in a context where U is the universe, it can be regarded as the absolute complement A^C of A. Similarly, there is a notion of the nullary intersection, that is the intersection of zero sets (meaning no sets, not null sets). Without a universe, the nullary intersection would be the set of absolutely everything, which is generally regarded as impossible; but with the universe in mind, the nullary intersection can be treated as the set of everything under consideration, which is simply U.