The volost was established by the Novgorodians in the second half of the 15th century. It was lost by the Novgorod Republic to the Grand Duchy of Moscow after the Battle of Shelon in 1471.
In the 16th century, most of the Kola Peninsula's territory was under the administration of Kolsky Uyezd. Umbskaya and Varzuzhskaya Volosts were the only territories of the peninsula which were a part of Dvinsky Uyezd.
In 1784, when Arkhangelsk Oblast of Vologda Viceroyalty was transformed into Arkhangelsk Viceroyalty, Umbskaya Volost was transferred under the jurisdiction of the new viceroyalty's Kolsky Uyezd. When the viceroyalty was transformed into Arkhangelsk Governorate in 1796, the volost's jurisdiction again changed accordingly.
In 1828, Poryegubskaya Volost was merged into Umbskaya Volost.