GP

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Tatar language

The Tatar language (татар теле, татарча, tatar tele, tatarça, تاتار تيلی or طاطار تيلي) is a Turkic language spoken by Volga Tatars mainly located in modern Tatarstan, Bashkortostan and Nizhny Novgorod Oblast. It should not be confused with the Crimean Tatar language, to which it is remotely related but with which it is not mutually intelligible.

Geographic distribution

Tatar language is spoken in Russia (about 5.3 million people), Ukraine, China, Finland, Turkey, Uzbekistan, the United States of America, Romania, Azerbaijan, Israel, Kazakhstan, Georgia, Lithuania, Latvia, and other countries. Total Tatars in the world are more than 7 million people.

Tatar is also native for several thousand Maris. Mordva's Qaratay group also speak a variant of Kazan Tatar.

In the 2010 census, 69% of Russian Tatars who responded to the question about language ability claimed a knowledge of the Tatar language. In Tatarstan, 93% of Tatars and 3,6% of Russians did so. In neighbouring Bashkortostan, 67% of Tatars, 27% of Bashkirs, and 1,3% of Russians did.

Gaa Paa

Gaa Paa! ("Forward!" or literally "Go On!") was a Norwegian language socialist publication established in the United States of America at Girard, Kansas in November 1903, before moving to Minneapolis, Minnesota the following year. The paper was forced to change its name in 1918 in an effort to avoid a ban from the US Mail, taking the name Folkets Røst (People's Voice). It appeared under that title until the publication's demise in October 1925.

In the aftermath of the 1919 split of the Socialist Party of America (SPA) which led to the establishment of the Communist Party of America (CPA) and Communist Labor Party of America (CLP), Folkets Røst remained allied with the social democratic SPA and promoted the candidacies of other like-minded groups. The weekly newspaper was the largest and longest-running radical Dano-Norwegian (Bokmål) periodical in North America.

Publication history

Establishment

In 1903, successful publisher Julius A. Wayland, publisher of the national weekly Appeal to Reason, decided to launch a Scandinavian language socialist newspaper from his base of operations at Girard, Kansas, a small town located in the southeastern part of the state. Wayland invited the married socialist activists Emil Lauritz Mengshoel and Helle Crøger Mengshoel to relocate to Kansas to edit this new publication.