Trần Phế Đế

Trần Phế Đế (1361–1388), given name Trần Hiện, was the tenth emperor of the Trần Dynasty who reigned Đại Việt from 1377 to 1388. After his father's death in Battle of Đồ Bàn in January 1377, Phế Đế was enthroned as Đại Việt Emperor by the Retired Emperor Trần Nghệ Tông who acted as Phế Đế's regent during his reign. Fearing the rise of Hồ Quý Ly in royal court, Phế Đế tried to reduce his power but Hồ Quý Ly already got ahead of this plot by a defamation campaign against the Emperor which ultimately made Nghệ Tông decide to dethrone Phế Đế in December 1388. Phế Đế was downgraded to Prince Linh Đức and forced to commit suicide and his supporters in royal court were purged by Hồ Quý Ly faction. The death of Phế Đế marked the last step of Hồ Quý Ly's power seizing from Trần clan.

Background

Phế Đế (Deposed Emperor) was born in 1361 as Trần Hiện, second child of the Prince Cung Tuyên Trần Kính, then Emperor Trần Duệ Tông, and his wife Lady Lê, then Queen Gia Từ. Initially, Duệ Tông wanted to make his first son Prince Chương Vũ Trần Vĩ crown prince but Trần Vĩ soon died during Duệ Tông's reign so Prince Kiến Đức Trần Hiện became the first in line of successor.

Trần Phú

Trần Phú (1 May 1904 in Tuy An District – April 6, 1931) was the first general secretary of the Indochinese Communist Party, later renamed to Communist Party of Vietnam.

He was born on May 1, 1904, at An Thổ, phủ Tuy An, tỉnh Phú Yên (today xã An Dân, Tuy An District, Phú Yên Province) where his father, Tran Van Pho, was as teacher. His father was born at the village of Tùng Sinh, now part of Tùng Ảnh commune, Đức Thọ District, Hà Tĩnh Province. Trần Phú graduated thành chung (general qualification) in 1922 and in 1925, he joined Hội Phục Việt (later renamed Tân Việt Cách mạng Đảng) in Vinh, Nghệ An.

Participated Revolution

In 1926, he went to Canton (or Guangzhou), China, to arrange the merger of his organization with Việt Nam Cách mạng Thanh niên. In 1927, he went to the USSR and studied at Communist University of the Toilers of the East in Moscow. In 1928, he attended the sixth session of Communist International. On 11 October 1929, the court of Nam triều in Nghệ An proceeded the trial in absentia of some members of the Indochinese Communist Party, Trần Phú was one of those accused.

Trần Nghệ Tông

Trần Nghệ Tông (1321–1394), given name Trần Phủ (陳暊), was the eighth emperor of the Trần Dynasty who reigned Đại Việt from 1370 to 1372. Nghệ Tông was credited with the re-establishment of Trần clan's ruling in Đại Việt from Hôn Đức Công who kept the throne in nearly two years after the decease of Trần Dụ Tông. However, Nghệ Tông was proved to be an inefficient ruler during his reign as emperor and afterward as retired emperor from 1372 to his death at 1394. As the Retired Emperor who oversaw the ruling of his three consecutive successors, Duệ Tông, Phế Đế and Thuận Tông, Nghệ Tông was responsible for the rising in royal court of Đỗ Tử Bình who brought Emperor Duệ Tông to his death and Hồ Quý Ly who ultimately overthrew the Trần Dynasty to found his own dynasty. Nghệ Tông also witnessed many defeats of Đại Việt in the struggle with Champa including Đồ Bàn Battle when Emperor Duệ Tông was killed in action or several attacks by king of Champa Chế Bồng Nga in Thăng Long, capital of Đại Việt. After the decease of Nghệ Tông, the Trần Dynasty fell into the situation of completely chaos and survived for only six more years before Hồ Quý Ly took the throne in 1400.