Treaty of Manila (1946)

The Treaty of Manila of 1946 (61 Stat. 1174, TIAS 1568, 7 UNTS 3), formally the Treaty of General Relations and Protocol, is a treaty of general relations signed on 4 July 1946 in Manila, the capital city of the Philippines. Parties to the treaty were the United States of America and the Republic of the Philippines. The United States granted the Philippines full independence, and the treaty provided for the recognition of that independence. The treaty was signed by Ambassador Paul V. McNutt as a representative of the United States and President Manuel Roxas representing the Philippines. The treaty became effective in the United States on 22 October 1946, when it was ratified by the Senate.

The treaty was accompanied by a "provisional agreement concerning friendly relations and diplomatic and consular representation" (60 Stat. 1800, TIAS 1539, 6 UNTS 335) until the treaty was ratified.

See also

Treaty of Manila

Treaties negotiated and/or signed in Manila, Philippines:

Southeast Asia Treaty Organization

The Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) was an international organization for collective defense in Southeast Asia created by the Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty, or Manila Pact, signed in September 1954 in Manila, Philippines. The formal institution of SEATO was established on 19 February 1955 at a meeting of treaty partners in Bangkok, Thailand The organization's headquarters were also in Bangkok. Eight members joined the organization.

Primarily created to block further communist gains in Southeast Asia, SEATO is generally considered a failure because internal conflict and dispute hindered general use of the SEATO military; however, SEATO-funded cultural and educational programs left long-standing effects in Southeast Asia. SEATO was dissolved on 30 June 1977 after many members lost interest and withdrew.

Origins and structure

The Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty, or Manila Pact, was signed on 8 September 1954 in Manila, as part of the American Truman Doctrine of creating anti-communist bilateral and collective defense treaties. These treaties and agreements were intended to create alliances that would contain communist powers (Communist China, in SEATO's case). This policy was considered to have been largely developed by American diplomat and Soviet expert George F. Kennan. President Dwight D. Eisenhower's Secretary of State John Foster Dulles (1953–1959) is considered to be the primary force behind the creation of SEATO, which expanded the concept of anti-communist collective defense to Southeast Asia, and then-Vice President Richard Nixon advocated an Asian equivalent of NATO upon returning from his late-1953 Asia trip. The organization, headquartered in Bangkok, was created in 1955 at the first meeting of the Council of Ministers set up by the treaty, contrary to Dulles's preference to call the organization "ManPac".

Manila

Manila (ⁱ/məˈnɪl.ə/) is the capital city of the Philippines. It is the home to extensive commerce and seats the executive and judicial branches of the Filipino government. It also contains vast amount of significant architectural and cultural landmarks in the country. Manila is one of the sixteen cities that makes up Metro Manila, the National Capital Region of the Philippines. In 2012, Globalization and World Cities Research Network listed Manila as a global city.

Manila is on the eastern shore of Manila Bay. According to the 2010 census, Manila is the second most populous city in the Philippines with a population of 1,652,171. Manila is the most densely populated city in the world with 42,857 people per square kilometer.

Manila has six representative districts for the lower house of the Philippine Congress. Furthermore, the city is composed of 16 districts, namely: Binondo, Ermita, Intramuros, Malate, Paco, Pandacan, Port Area, Quiapo, Sampaloc, San Andres, San Miguel, San Nicolas, Santa Ana, Santa Cruz, Santa Mesa and Tondo.

Manila (Hotdogs song)

"Manila" is a song by Filipino band The Hotdogs. The song is written about love for the Philippine capital. It tells about a man who misses Manila while living in another country for years. The upbeat song was inspired by Tony Bennett's hit single, "I Left My Heart in San Francisco". It topped the radio charts in 1984.

Background

It centers on the story of the narrator who left Manila for a foreign country for to work and became homesick for Manila after living out for long. The narrator then tells of his many adventures outside the country.

Some lyrics reference the United States and Australia. "I walked the streets of San Francisco" references his love for visiting places and strolling around and SFO is one of them. "I've tried the rides in Disneyland" tells of him visiting many amusement and theme parks. His friendship with foreigners and different nationalities is referred in "dated a million girls in Sydney". The narrator then says that he didn't get much satisfaction and enjoyment from all his escapades through the part "somehow I feel that I don't belong". His realization that the Philippines can only give him the best satisfaction and enjoyment plus his desire to come back to the Philippines and its capital, Manila start in "Hinahanap-hanap kita Manila". The narrator then decided to stay in the Philippines for good in the lyrics "Take me back in your arms Manila", "Promise me you'll never let go", and "I'm coming home to stay".

Manila (2009 film)

Manila is an independently produced twinbill film that pays homage to Lino Brocka's Jaguar and Ishmael Bernal's Manila By Night. Piolo Pascual co-produced and starred in both episodes.

Cast

Production

Shot on 16mm black-and-white film before being transferred to 35mm, Manila is divided into a Day episode (which is loosely based on Bernal's 1980 film Manila By Night) and a Night episode (inspired by Brocka's 1979 film Jaguar). The script is co-written by Adolf Alix, Jr. and Ramon Sarmiento and co-directed by Raya Martin and Adolf Alix, Jr.

For the Day segment, Piolo Pascual portrays William, a drug addict who tries to rebuild his sense of self and reconnect with the people around him. Piolo's character is named William in honor of William Martinez who played the lead role in Manila By Night. The Day segment also stars Angelica Panganiban and Rosanna Roces.