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Treaty of London (1867)

The Treaty of London (French: Traité de Londres), often called the Second Treaty of London after the 1839 Treaty, was an international treaty signed on 11 May 1867. Agreed in the aftermath of the Austro-Prussian War and the Luxembourg Crisis, it had wide-reaching consequences for Luxembourg and for relations between Europe's Great Powers.

Effects

The immediate effect of the treaty, established in Article I, was the reaffirmation of the personal union between the Netherlands and Luxembourg under the House of Orange-Nassau. It lasted until 1890, when a woman (Queen Wilhelmina) ascended to the Dutch throne. As at that time the Salic law was still in effect in Luxembourg, she could not become Grand Duchess of Luxembourg.

It was the older branch of the House of Nassau (Nassau-Weilburg, now called Luxembourg-Nassau) that inherited that dignity, giving Luxembourg its own exclusive dynasty.

The Luxembourg Crisis had erupted after French Emperor Napoleon III attempted to buy Luxembourg from the Dutch King William III. Consequently, maintaining Dutch dominance over the de jure independent Luxembourg, free from French interference, was of paramount importance to Prussia.

Treaty of London (1946)

The Treaty of London was signed between the United Kingdom and Transjordan on March 22, 1946 and came into force on June 17, 1946.

The treaty concerned the sovereignty and independence of the Arab state of Transjordan, which would now be known as the Hashemite Kingdom of Transjordan with Emir Abdullah I as its king. However, Britain would still maintain military bases within the country and continue to subsidize and support the Arab Legion.

The Treaty of London superseded the former Anglo-Transjordan mandate known as the Organic Law of 1928. This former mandate liberalised several restrictions on Transjordan, however Great Britain still controlled financial matters and most foreign policy issues. It was then considered a step towards future independence.

Transjordan's impending independence was recognised on April 18, 1946 by the League of Nations during the last meeting of that organisation.

On 25 May 1946 the Transjordan became the "Hashemite Kingdom of Transjordan" when the ruling 'Amir' was re-designated as 'King' by the parliament of Transjordan on the day it ratified the Treaty of London. 25 May is still celebrated as independence day in Jordan although officially the mandate for Transjordan ended on June 17, 1946 when the in accordance with the Treaty of London the ratifications were exchanged in Amman and Transjordan gained full independence.

London Conference of 1832

The London Conference of 1832 was an international conference convened to establish a stable government in Greece. Negotiations between the three Great Powers (Britain, France and Russia) resulted in the establishment of the Kingdom of Greece under a Bavarian Prince. The decisions were ratified in the Treaty of Constantinople later that year. The treaty followed the Akkerman Convention which had previously recognized another territorial change in the Balkans, the suzerainty of Principality of Serbia.

Background

Greece had won its independence from the Ottoman Empire in the Greek War of Independence (1821-1829) with the help of Britain, France and Russia. In the London Protocol of February 3, 1830, the three powers had assigned the borders of the new state. However, when the governor of Greece, John Capodistria (Ioannis Kapodistrias) (Καποδíστριας) was assassinated in 1831 in Nafplion, the Greek peninsula plunged into confusion. The Great Powers sought a formal end of the war and a recognized government in Greece.

London, Ontario

London is a Canadian city located in Southwestern Ontario along the Quebec City–Windsor Corridor. The city has a population of 366,151 according to the 2011 Canadian census. London is at the confluence of the non-navigable Thames River, approximately halfway between Toronto, Ontario and Detroit, Michigan. The City of London is a separated municipality, politically separate from Middlesex County, though it remains the county seat.

London and the Thames were named in 1793 by Lord Simcoe, who proposed the site for the capital of Upper Canada. The first European settlement was between 1801 and 1804 by Peter Hagerman. The village was founded in 1826 and incorporated in 1855. Since then, London has grown to be the largest Southwestern Ontario municipality and Canada's 11th largest municipality, having annexed many of the smaller communities that surrounded it.

London is a regional centre of health care and education, being home to the University of Western Ontario, Fanshawe College, and several hospitals. The city hosts a number of musical and artistic exhibits and festivals, which contribute to its tourism industry, but its economic activity is centred on education, medical research, insurance, and information technology. London's university and hospitals are among its top ten employers. London lies at the junction of Highway 401 and 402, connecting it to Toronto, Windsor, and Sarnia. It also has an international airport, train and bus station.

Dickens' London

Charles Dickens' works are especially associated with London which is the setting for many of his novels. These works do not just use London as a backdrop but are about the city and its character.

Dickens described London as a Magic lantern, a popular entertainment of the Victorian era, which projected images from slides. Of all Dickens' characters 'none played as important a role in his work as that of London itself', it fired his imagination and made him write. In a letter to John Forster, in 1846, Dickens wrote 'a day in London sets me up and starts me', but outside of the city, 'the toil and labour of writing, day after day, without that magic lantern is IMMENSE!!'

However, of the identifiable London locations that Dickens used in his work, scholar Clare Pettitt notes that many no longer exist, and, while 'you can track Dickens' London, and see where things were, but they aren't necessarily still there'.

In addition to his later novels and short stories, Dickens' descriptions of London, published in various newspapers in the 1830s, were released as a collected edition Sketches by Boz in 1836.

London (Samuel Johnson poem)

London is a poem by Samuel Johnson, produced shortly after he moved to London. Written in 1738, it was his first major published work. The poem in 263 lines imitates Juvenal's Third Satire, expressed by the character of Thales as he decides to leave London for Wales. Johnson imitated Juvenal because of his fondness for the Roman poet and he was following a popular 18th-century trend of Augustan poets headed by Alexander Pope that favoured imitations of classical poets, especially for young poets in their first ventures into published verse.

London was published anonymously and in multiple editions during 1738. It quickly received critical praise, notably from Pope. This would be the second time that Pope praised one of Johnson's poems; the first being for Messiah, Johnson's Latin translation of Pope's poem. Part of that praise comes from the political basis of the poem. From a modern view, the poem is outshined by Johnson's later poem, The Vanity of Human Wishes as well as works like his A Dictionary of the English Language, his Lives of the Most Eminent English Poets, and his periodical essays for The Rambler, The Idler, and The Adventurer.

Radio Stations - London

RADIO STATION
GENRE
LOCATION
Retro Soul Radio London R&B UK
Energy FM DJ Mixes Non-Stop Dance UK
RadioFish Country,Oldies,60s UK
Radio Wivenhoe Varied UK
Scanner: VHF Marine Radio Public UK
RAT Radio Varied UK
Gem 106 Varied UK
BBC York Varied UK
Skyline Gold 60s,Soft Rock,Rock,Oldies,Easy,Country,Classic Rock,80s,70s UK
BBC Hindi - Tees Minute News Updates,Indian UK
BBC Radio 1 Pop UK
Free Radio Herefordshire & Worcestershire Pop,Top 40 UK
Miskin Radio Pop UK
EKR - WDJ Retro Rock,Adult Contemporary,Soft Rock UK
RollinRadio Electronica UK
Hard House UK Dance UK
My Social Radio Top 40 UK
Flight FM Electronica UK
Remarkable Radio Oldies UK
80s And More 80s UK
Sunshine Gold Oldies UK
House FM Dance,Electronica,Jungle UK
Jemm Two Indie Rock UK
Rickhits Pop UK
Dance Music 24/7 - EHM Productions 90s,Dance,Electronica UK
Hope FM 90.1 Christian Contemporary UK
Phoenix Radio Rock,Classic Rock UK
Gold FM Radio Rock,90s,80s,Adult Contemporary,Pop UK
87.7 Black Cat Radio Oldies,Pop UK
Radyo 90 Sports,Folk,Pop UK
Chester Talking Newspaper Flintshire Edition News UK
URN College UK
Sauce FM Dance UK
Anfield FM Sports UK
Sky News News UK
Citybeat 96.7FM Adult Contemporary UK
BBC Hindi - Din Bhar News Updates,Indian UK
RWSfm Varied UK
BBC Surrey Varied UK
106 Jack FM Oxfordshire Adult Contemporary UK
Bradley Stoke Radio Varied UK
Energy FM Old School Classics Dance UK
Deddington OnAir Rock,Pop UK
Summer Time Radio 90s,Dance,Electronica UK
Stomp Radio R&B UK
Stress Factor Dance,Electronica UK
Total Biker FM Rock,Punk UK
BBC Manchester Varied,News UK
BrooklynFM Rock,Classic Rock UK
FRED Film Ch9 Romanian Talk UK
Fantasy radio Varied UK

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