Tph
TPH may refer to:
TPH1
Tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1) is an isoenzyme of tryptophan hydroxylase which in humans is encoded by the TPH1 gene.
TPH1 was first discovered to synthesize serotonin in 1988 and was thought that there only was a single TPH gene until 2003, while a second form was found in the mouse (Tph2), rat and human brain (TPH2) and the original TPH was then renamed to TPH1.
Function
Tryptophan hydroxylases catalyze the biopterin-dependent monooxygenation of tryptophan to 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), which is subsequently decarboxylated to form the neurotransmitter serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT). It is the rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of serotonin.
TPH expression is limited to a few specialized tissues: raphe neurons, pinealocytes, mast cells, mononuclear leukocytes, beta-cells of the islets of Langerhans, and intestinal and pancreatic enterochromaffin cells.
Clinical significance
Tryptophan hydroxylase is important for synthesizing indoleamine neurotransmitters and related compounds in the body and brain, including serotonin, melatonin, tryptamine, N-methyltryptamine, and N,N-dimethyltryptamine. TPH1 is expressed in the body, but not the brain. Nevertheless the effect of variations in the TPH1 gene on brain-related variables, such as personality traits and neuropsychiatric disorders, has been studied. For example, one study (1998) found an association between a polymorphism in the gene with impulsive-aggression measures, while a case-control study (2001) could find no association between polymorphisms and Alzheimer's Disease.
TPH2
Tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) is an isozyme of tryptophan hydroxylase found in vertebrates. In humans, TPH2 is primarily expressed in the serotonergic neurons of the brain, with the highest expression in the raphe nucleus of the midbrain. Until the discovery of TPH2 in 2003, serotonin levels in the central nervous system were believed to be regulated by serotonin synthesis in peripheral tissues, in which tryptophan hydroxylase is the dominant form.
Function
Tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH; EC 1.14.16.4) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, or 5HT). 5HT is causally involved in numerous central nervous activities, and it has several functions in peripheral tissues, including the maintenance of vascular tone and gut motility.[supplied by OMIM]
See also
References
Further reading
Podcasts:
Timo Pieni Huijaus
ALBUMS
- Emävale released: 2010
- Arvoitus koko ihminen released: 2008
- E.T.T.E. released: 2006
Emävale
Released 2010- Vermo
- Tee mitä pitää
- Ilotalo (Neiti hei hei)
- Onnenpotkut (feat. Gbrl)
- Katusoittaja (feat. Riku Rajamaa)
- Mun hattu
- Maksoin (feat. Joniveli)
- Pennist
- Robin of Velkala
- Niin isol ku mahtuu
- Varjoon jää
- Kahdeksas veljes
- Tuulimylly
- Vedä se yli (feat. Koala Kläk)
- Kuningas (feat. Elastinen)
- Ruusutarha (feat. Illi)
T.P.H.
ALBUMS
Thomas P. Heckmann
ALBUMS
- The Lost Tales, Volume II released: 2008
- The Lost Tales, Volume I released: 2008
- Kopfgeister 1991-2001 released: 2001
- Tanzmusik released: 2000
- Raum released: 1999
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Jurisdiction Of Love
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