Toyota K engine

The Toyota K series was a straight-4 engine produced from 1966 through 2007. It was a two-valve pushrod engine design, a rarity for the company. It was originally built from the Toyota Kamigo plant in Toyota City factory in Japan.

All K series are non-crossflow engines – the inlet and exhaust manifolds are on the same side. They have cast iron blocks and aluminium alloy heads, with a crankshaft supported by five main bearings. K series motors have both hydraulic tappet or hydraulic valve lifters, solid lifters and 1.5 ratio rockers with an adjustment thread for tappet clearance. 7k engines were released with only the hydraulic valve lifters from factory, whereas 4k and 5k engines were made with both hydraulic and solid lifters (depending on year and which model vehicle.)

K

The 8-valve OHV 1.1 L (1,077 cc) K was produced from 1966 through 1969. A similar K-B was produced from 1968 through 1969, the -B designates twin carburettors. Thus equipped, the engine produces 73 PS (54 kW) at 6,600 rpm. The Publica SL received this more powerful version.

Rover K-series engine

The K-Series engine is a series of engines built by Powertrain Ltd, a sister company of MG Rover. The engine was built in two forms: a straight-four cylinder, available with SOHC and DOHC, ranging from 1.1 litre 1.8 litre; and the KV6 V6 variation.

Design history

The K-Series was introduced in 1988 by Rover Group as a powerplant for the Rover 200 car. It was revolutionary being the second volume production implementation of the low pressure sand casting technique in a new plant sited between East Works and Cofton Hacket (the first volume application of the L.P.S. casting process had been for the M-16 cylinder head, produced in South Works, adjacent to the former forge). This works by pumping liquid aluminium into a chemically bonded sand mould from below. This process gave advantages in limiting the occurrence of oxide inclusions and giving a casting yield of around 90% (c.f. 60% for more conventional gravity casting processes. This production technology overcame many of the inherent problems of casting aluminium components and consequently permitted lower casting wall thickness and higher strength to weight ratios. However, the process required the use of heat treated LM25 material which gave the engines a reputation for being fragile. An engine overheat would often result in the material becoming annealed and rendering the components scrap. The aluminium engine blocks were fitted with spun cast iron cylinder liners that were initially manufactured by GKN's Sheepbridge Stokes of Chesterfield, but replaced by spun cast iron liners made by Goetze after some seminal research conducted by Charles Bernstein at Longbridge, which proved influential even to Ducati for their race engines. Unfortunately a large number of aftermarket engines, the so-called "VHPD"s" were built with the old substandard GKNs by Minister, Lotus and PTP well after the Goetze liner's introduction to the production line in 2000.

S2 Games

S2 Games is a video game development company which was founded by Marc "Maliken" DeForest, Jesse Hayes, and Sam McGrath, based in Rohnert Park, California. They also have a development location in Kalamazoo, Michigan. Their first project (a real-time strategy, third-person shooter and role-playing game hybrid), Savage: The Battle for Newerth, was released in the Summer of 2003. They released its sequel, Savage 2: A Tortured Soul, on January 16, 2008, and are independently publishing and distributing it. Their latest installment in the Newerth series, Heroes of Newerth, based heavily around Defense of the Ancients, was released on May 12, 2010. In 2015 S2 Games sold the rights to Heroes of Newerth to Garena to focus on Strife, their second-generation MOBA. Garena subsequently moved Heroes of Newerth to Frostburn Studios, a Kalamazoo, Michigan based subsidiary of Garena.

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